scholarly journals A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
A. A. Rosman ◽  
M. A. Z. A. Rashid ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Flexible Antenna

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at         2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a low-profile feature with dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it a good solution for wearable applications. Bending investigation is also performed over a vacuum cylinder and the diameters are varied at 50 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, that represents the average human arm’s diameter. The bending investigation shows that reflection coefficients for all diameters are almost similar which imply that the antenna will operate at the dual-band resonant frequencies, even in bending condition. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) in CST MWS® software shows that the antenna obeys the FCC and ICNIRP guidelines for 1 mW of input power. The SAR limits at 2.45 GHz for 1 g of human tissue is simulated at 0.271 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is at 0.0551 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: 2 W/kg. On the other hand, the SAR limits at 5.8 GHz are computed at 0.202 W/kg for 1 g and 0.0532 W/kg for 10 g.

scholarly journals A 2.45 GHz Semi-Flexible wearable antenna for industrial, scientific and medical band applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
N. F. A. Kadir ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
S. A. Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Tan Δ

<span>In this work, a compact size, wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated for the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band applications with the operating frequency at 2.45 GHz. A semi-flexible substrate material which is Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a relative dielectric constant, ε_r of 3, loss tangent, tan δ of 0.010 and thickness, h of 1.52 mm has been proposed to ensure it can be worn on clothes. The antenna has a low-profile feature with 24 × 28 mm2 in dimension. Investigation of the antenna under bending condition on the approximate human arm size is also performed and analysed to ensure that the wearable antenna is applicable for on-body. The bending investigation shows that the initial resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz is shifted to 2.3 GHz. However, the reflection coefficient at 2.45 GHz is still greater than the -10-dB which implies that the antenna is still functional at that particular frequency. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the antenna has also been simulated to examine whether the antenna obeys the SAR limits under the FCC and CNIRP guidelines. The SAR values obtained show that the antenna obeys the standard for 1 mW input power. The SAR value for 1g of human tissue is computed at 0.03999 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10g is at 0.01936W/kg (CNIRP standard: 2 W/kg).</span>

Design and performance analysis of dual-band wearable compact low-profile antenna for body-centric wireless communications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Sehemi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Nikolay Dishovsky ◽  
Nikolay Atanasov ◽  
Gabriela Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Flexible Antenna ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multilayer Substrate

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel dual-band wearable compact flexible antenna for body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs). The design is based on a modified planar dipole with parasitic elements, meandered lines, and a rectangular reflector embedded into a hydrophobic rubber-textile multilayer substrate in order to get both good antenna performance and mechanical properties. The antenna's structure is analyzed and optimized in free space (FS), on a numerical and an experimental homogeneous flat phantom. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 50 mm × 40 mm × 4.6 mm and a prototype mass of 11 g, which makes it suitable for practical applications in BCWCs. The built prototype resonated at 2.47 GHz with a |S11|−26.90 dB and at 5.42 GHz with a |S11|−24.60 dB in the FS. The measured bandwidths are 500 MHz (2.2–2.7 GHz) and 1000 MHz (4.65–5.75 GHz) at lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna exhibits a measured maximum gain of 1.17 dBi at 2.66 GHz and a radiation efficiency of 28.44% in FS. The 10 g average maximum specific absorption rate is 0.165 W/kg at 2.70 GHz and 0.520 W/kg at 5.24 GHz when the antenna is placed on the numerical phantom at net input power 0.1 W.

Dual-band all textile antenna with AMC for heartbeat monitor and pacemaker control applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Farah R. Kareem ◽  
Mohamed El Atrash ◽  
Ahmed A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mahmoud A. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Wearable Medical

Abstract All textile integrated dual-band monopole antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. The proposed design operates at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for wearable medical applications to monitor the heartbeat. A flexible and low-profile E- shaped CPW dual-band textile antenna is integrated with a 4 × 4 dual-band textile AMC reflector to enhance the gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is reduced by nearly 95% at both 1 and 10 g. The design was measured on the body with a 2 mm separation. The simulated and measured results appear in high agreement in the case of with and without AMC array integration. The measurement was performed in the indoor environment and in an anechoic chamber to validate the design based on reflection coefficient and radiation pattern measurements.

scholarly journals A Compact Broadband Antenna with Dual-Resonance for Implantable Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongqiang Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Guohong Du ◽  
Xiaofeng Sun ◽  
Haoran Sun
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Implantable Devices ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Broadband Antenna ◽  
Dual Resonance

A compact broadband implantable patch antenna is designed for the field of biotelemetry and experimentally demonstrated using the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio) band (401–406 MHz). The proposed antenna can obtain a broad impedance bandwidth by exciting dual-resonant frequencies, and has a compact structure using bent metal radiating strips and a short strategy. The total volume of the proposed antenna, including substrate and superstrate, is about 479 mm3 (23 × 16.4 × 1.27 mm3). The measured bandwidth is 52 MHz (382–434 MHz) at a return loss of −10 dB. The resonance, radiation and specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna are examined and characterized.

scholarly journals Wearable Flexible Antenna for UWB On-Body and Implant Communications

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Mariella Särestöniemi ◽  
Marko Sonkki ◽  
Sami Myllymäki ◽  
Carlos Pomalaza-Raez
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Antenna

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an on-body flexible antenna designed for an in-body application, as well as on-body communications at ISM and UWB frequency bands. The evaluation is performed via electromagnetic simulations using the Dassault Simulia CST Studio Suite. A planar tissue layer model, as well as a human voxel model from the human abdominal area, are used to study the antenna characteristics next to human tissues. Power flow analysis is presented to understand the power flow on the body surface as well as within the tissues. Simulation results show that this wearable flexible antenna is suitable for in-body communications in the intestinal area, e.g., for capsule endoscopy, in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and at lower ultra-wideband (UWB). At higher frequencies, the antenna is suitable for on-body communications as well as in-body communications with lower propagation depth requirements. Additionally, an antenna prototype has been prepared and the antenna performance is verified with several on-body measurements. The measurement results show a good match with the simulation results. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a compact size and the flexible substrate material, which makes it feasible and practical for several different medical diagnosis and monitoring applications.

scholarly journals DGS based monopole circular-shaped patch antenna for UWB applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatreya Gopi ◽  
Appala Raju Vadaboyina ◽  
J. R. K. Kumar Dabbakuti
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Uwb Applications ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractA simple low profile defected ground structure based monopole circular-shaped patch antenna is proposing for ultrawide-band applications. The design allows for a simple and compact structure on the FR-4 substrate material. The proposed design initially has a meager antenna gain and bandwidth. To increase the antenna bandwidth and gain, the defective ground structure is implemented with four dumble-shaped slots. Parametric analysis is considered to find the radius of circular patch for tuning of UWB frequency applications. The proposed MCP antenna resonates at 2.9 GHz, 9.1 GHz frequencies with a S11 of − 34.84 dB, − 33.74 dB, respectively, and achieves 8.1 GHz (2.5–10.6 GHz) impedance bandwidth concerning the − 10 dB reference line of the reflection coefficient. The gains are 8.4 dBi, 8.2 dBi for the two resonant frequencies, and the radiation patterns are semi-omnidirectional, omnidirectional. The proposed antenna has-been validated by observing good agreement between the simulation and the measured results.

scholarly journals Dual Band Wearable Antenna for IOT Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1515-1518
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Wearable Antenna

A dual band wearable antenna operating on 2.6 GHz (2570-2620 MHz FDD/TDD) and 5.2 GHz (802.11a) bands for Body Area Network (BAN) application is presented. The stack substrates of Felt and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam are used to make the structure flexible. Maximum gain of 2.75 and front to back ratio of 8.35 is achieved on industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Additional bandwidth enhancement has been achieved by creating slots on partial ground plane. The calculated specific absorption rate (SAR) value is 1.33 W/kg for 1 g of body tissue. Simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed structure.

scholarly journals A novel type of wearable dual-band antenna based on coplanar waveguide feeding for wearable wireless communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengrui He ◽  
Jie Jin
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Dual Band Antenna ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Antenna ◽  
Different Parts

A flexible and compact coplanar waveguide feed (CPW-fed) wearable antenna is introduced for wireless wearable communications applications at the industrial scientific medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna consists of copper, which is used as the radiation patch and ground planes printed on the same side of polyimide flexible substrate. The overall size of the antenna is 30 mm × 28 mm × 0.08 mm, the results show that the antenna can transmit and receive signals in two frequency bands of 1.89–2.67 GHz and 3.02–3.23 GHz, in which radiating properties are characterized and agree well with the simulation results. The antenna is bent in different directions to further investigate the reflection coefficient and corresponding effect on the antenna under bending. The center frequency of the antenna is slightly shifted towards higher and lower frequencies when antenna is bent in X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. Furthermore, the wearability of the antenna is verified when the antenna is placed on different parts of the human body such as wrist and chest. Hence, the proposed flexible antenna is a suitable candidate for wearable wireless communication applications.

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