scholarly journals Особливості імунного профілю у крові щурів з гострим поширеним перитонітом на тлі гіпотиреозу

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Verba ◽  
I. M. Klishch
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Purulent Peritonitis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

Introduction. Peritonitis remains one of the most common complications of surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity [5, 11]. According to individual authors, in severe forms of disseminated purulent peritonitis, the mortality reaches 50–80 % [3, 13, 15]. All this points to the need for further improvement of the methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathological process.The aim of the study – establishment of features of the immune system cellular and humoral units functioning in rats with acute widespread peritonitis on the background of experimental hypothyroidism.Materials and Methods. White Wistar rats were used in the work. Hypothyroidism was modeled by the administration of Mercazolil at a dose of 25 mg / kg for 21 days. Acute common peritonitis was modeled by injecting 0.5 ml of 10 % filtered fecal suspension into the abdominal cavity of the animals under study. Cellular (CD4+, CD8+, CD22+-lymphocyte) and humoral (IgA, IgM, IgG) immunity were measured. The animals were decapitated under thiopental anesthesia after 24 hours, on the 4th, 7th and 10th days from the beginning of peritonitis modeling.Results and Discussion. It was found that in animals with acute widespread peritonitis against hypothyroidism, there is a significant decrease in CD4+ lymphocytes, a violation of the ratio of the main subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the immunoregulatory index. The dynamics of changes in B-lymphocytes CD22+, which are producers of immunoglobulins, was indicative. These changes correlated with the state of specific humoral immunity – the concentration of immunoglobulins in the serum of the corresponding groups of animals.When simulating common peritonitis, euthyroid animals showed a decrease in IgG concentration and an increase in IgM and IgA. Against the background of hypothyroidism, we noted a decrease in the level of immunoglobulins of all classes after 24 hours of the duration of the pathological process with a further decrease to the tenth day. The indices of all classes of immunoglobulins were also significantly lower than those of euthyroid animals with acute widespread peritonitis.Conclusions. In animals with acute common peritonitis, hypothyroidism is significantly reduced CD4+ lymphocytes, a violation of the ratio of the main subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the immunoregulatory index. The insufficiency of the cellular part of the immune response was found to reflect an increase in the mutual negative effect of the inflammatory process in the peritoneum and systemic disorders of immune defense in conditions of concomitant hypothyroidism. There is a direct relationship between the reduced level of CD22+ lymphocytes and the indices of immunoglobulins of classes A and G.In acute widespread peritonitis against the background of mercazolil-induced hypothyroidism, there is a violation of the functionality of the immune system, manifested by an imbalance of immunoglobulins in the bloodstream and a decrease in the resistance of the humoral link of the immune system.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Immune System Dysfunction under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2333
Author(s):  
Yulong Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Kuang ◽  
Zhuo Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

In the process of exploring space, the astronaut’s body undergoes a series of physiological changes. At the level of cellular behavior, microgravity causes significant alterations, including bone loss, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular deconditioning. At the level of gene expression, microgravity changes the expression of cytokines in many physiological processes, such as cell immunity, proliferation, and differentiation. At the level of signaling pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway participates in microgravity-induced immune malfunction. However, the mechanisms of these changes have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggest that the malfunction of macrophages is an important breakthrough for immune disorders in microgravity. As the first line of immune defense, macrophages play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. They activate specific immune responses and participate in large numbers of physiological activities by presenting antigen and secreting cytokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances on the dysfunction of macrophages arisen from microgravity and to discuss the mechanisms of these abnormal responses. Hopefully, our work will contribute not only to the future exploration on the immune system in space, but also to the development of preventive and therapeutic drugs against the physiological consequences of spaceflight.

Use of immunocorrectors in patients with chronic lymph leukemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Shustov ◽  
N. A. Afanasyeva ◽  
P. P. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. K. Myshkina
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect

Chronic lymphatic leukemia is second only to acute leukemia in the frequency of infectious complications. In most cases, severe infectious complications are the cause of death in these patients. Modern chemotherapy makes it possible to preserve the ability to work and the life expectancy of patients for a long time. However, the negative effect of cytostatic drugs on the already altered immune system leads to an even greater suppression of immunity and an increase in the number of infectious complications. The search for new ways to combat infections has shown the advisability of long-term outpatient treatment with antibacterial drugs.

IMMUNE SYSTEM OF POIKILOTHERMIC AQUATIC ORGANISMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
G.I. PRONINA ◽  
◽  
A.A. IVANOV ◽  
A.G. MANNAPOV ◽  
O.V. SANAYA
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Red Bone Marrow

The paper shows features of the immune system of poikilothermic aquatic organisms of different taxonomic groups: crustaceans, fish, and amphibians. Defense mechanisms of crustaceans are presented by largely innate non-specific factors: external covers (including the exoskeleton), mucus, physical and chemical barriers lysozyme in the hemolymph, propanolamine system, and phagocytosis. The authors identified 4 types of cells (hemocytes) found in the circulating fluid of crayfish, depending on the morphological and functional properties: agranulocytes, progranulin,granulocytes, and transparent cells. Each type performs different functions in the process of immune defense. In fish, there is no red bone marrow and lymph nodes, the main organs of hematopoiesis include thymus, spleen, liver, lymphoid tissue of the brain and the trunk of the kidneys,accumulation of lymphoid tissue of the cranial box, intestine, and pericardium. Humoral components of the immune response of fish are represented by immunoglobulins, system complement components, lysozyme, C-reactive protein, interferon, lysine, hemolysin, hemagglutinin. Only IgM-like antibodies represent immunoglobulins in fish. The central organ of the amphibian immune system is the red bone marrow, but its role in the immune defense of amphibians has not been sufficiently studied. Peripheral organs of the immune system include kidneys, thymus, spleen, lymphomyeloid organs. Depending on the characteristics of the immune system of poikilothermic hydrobionts of different types, the authors offer methods for assessing their humoralimmunity (by determining phenoloxidase) and cellular response (by phagocytosis). Cellular immunity, and phagocytic activity, in particular, can be evaluated using cytochemical methods taking into account oxygenindependent factors – the content of enzymatic lysosomal cationic protein in phagocytes – and oxygendependent ones – NBT-test with nitrosonium tetrazolium that records cytotoxic oxygen radicals generated during the respiratory explosion of cell stimulation in vitro.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, and Thiazolidinediones on Bone Histomorphometry in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Postmenopausal Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Derya Köseoğlu ◽  
Gülnur Take ◽  
Banu Aktaş Yılmaz ◽  
Erdal Kan ◽  
Nuri Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease with low bone mass and bone microarchitectural disorganization. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) increase insulin sensitivity through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). One of the most important side effects of this drugs is its effects on bone, especially in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin, and TZDs on bone in postmenopausal Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen postmenopausal Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group without treatment, (iii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group with insulin therapy, and (iv) Streptozotocin-induced DM group receiving rosiglitazone. Pictures of the obtained samples were taken under computer-equipped photo-light microscope, and bone tissue ratios were calculated in an area of 1 mm2. In this area, trabecular thicknesses were measured from six randomly selected regions. In addition, femoral neck regions were determined by measuring the farthest distance. Results: Compared to the control group, trabecular thicknesses were decreased in the uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone groups. In the rosiglitazone-treated group, trabecular thickness was decreased compared to the uncontrolled DM group. The histological examination of the bones showed that uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone treatment negatively affected the osteoblast and osteocyte activity. Insulin-treated group had a similar histologic examination compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study showed that DM had unfavorable effects on bones, and rosiglitazone further exerts this effect. However, the negative effect of DM may be neutralized with the use of insulin. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bone, osteoporosis, bone histomorphometry, rosiglitazone, insulin, thiazolidinediones

scholarly journals Results Of Treatment Of Acute Diffuse Purulent Peritonitis Using Laparostomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S. A. Ruziboev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Avazov ◽  
Sh. Kh. Sattarov ◽  
A. N. Elmuradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Purulent Peritonitis ◽  
Intractable Problems ◽  
Cause Of Deaths

Currently, despite significant achievements in the field of surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation, the results of treatment of patients with advanced purulent peritonitis remain one of the most intractable problems, almost every sixth patient with acute surgical diseases and injuries of the abdominal cavity is admitted to medical institutions with peritonitis [1,3] Common peritonitis in 17-29% complicates the course of most acute surgical diseases and is the main cause of deaths in surgical hospitals [3,7]. Lethality in advanced peritonitis remains extremely high and reaches 20-39% [1,2,4,5]. In recent decades, great importance has been attached to recording intra-abdominal pressure in purulent pathology of the abdominal cavity. It was found that intra-abdominal hypertension occurs in every third patient with acute surgical pathology and negatively affects the functioning of all organs and systems of the body [1,6,8]. Pathological changes that occur with acute and excessive increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are manifestations of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) with disorders of the cardiovascular system; urinary disorders, disorders of perfusion of internal organs and the development of intestinal ischemia, which contributes to bacterial translocation and endogenous infection [2,7,8]. Ischemic blood flow disorders of the splanchnic zone are fraught with the development of bacterial translocation and the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure (PON). Unsatisfactoriness with such results gave rise to a fundamentally different approach to the surgical treatment of common forms of peritonitis-the introduction of an open abdominal management method based on the ideas of I. Mikulich (1881), Jean-Louis Faure (1928), N. S. Makoch (1984) and D. Steinberg (1979).

scholarly journals Вміст фактора некрозу пухлин α і трансформуючого фактора росту β1 у сироватці крові хворих на гострий апендицит та абдомінальний туберкульоз

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Process

Introduction. Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis with abdominal tuberculosis is аn urgent problem of medicine. Тhe immune system is involved іn the pathogenesis of diseases, and cytokines are the regulators of inflammation.The aim of the study – to determine the level of cytokines with the pro- and anti-inflammatory potential of TNFα and TGFβ1 and their correlation in the blood of patients with acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis in order to improve diagnosis and treatment tactics. Research Methods. 51 patients with urgent abdominal pathology were examined, 21 of them with phlegmonous form of acute appendicitis, 30 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. The content of TNFα и ТGFβ1 in serum was examined by the ELISA method by the reagents “Diaclone” and “DRG Diagnostic”.Results and Discussion. The results of studies have shown that the development of acute and chronic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity is determined by activation of the macrophage-monocytic system, manifested by a significant increase in the serum level of TNFα. It was established that in patients with abdominal tuberculosis on the background of increased serum level of TNFα ((17.57±1.05) vs. (4.97±0.18) pg/ml) the TGFβ1 level does not differ from the control ((16.52±1.15) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml) at that time, as with acute appendicitis, its level decreased ((11.32±0.65) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml). ТGFβ1/TNFα ratio during the abdominal inflammation was much lower than control, but in abdominal tuberculosis in 1.5 times higher than in acute appendicitis.Conclusions. The serum level and ratio of monocyte-macrofage derived TNFα and ТGFβ1 determines the type of inflammation and may be useful in differential diagnostic of acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis.

The effect of dermal benzophenone-2 administration on immune system activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity and hematological parameters in male Wistar rats

Toxicology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 402-403 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Żaneta Broniowska ◽  
Joanna Ślusarczyk ◽  
Beata Starek-Świechowicz ◽  
Ewa Trojan ◽  
Bartosz Pomierny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Thyroid Axis

Treatment of purulent peritonitis

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-587
Author(s):  
A. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Early Operation ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Infectious Focus ◽  
Purulent Peritonitis

The author treats purulent peritonitis as follows: early operation is possible, and, if circumstances permit, it is useful to pre-prepare the patient with napertia, coffein, and intravenous injection of 20 cc. 40% grape sugar solution to reduce the danger of anesthesia to the heart; the site of the incision is chosen according to the localization of the process; the wound is lubricated with Peruvian balsam before opening the peritoneum; if peritonitis spills over, the abdominal cavity is flushed; if the infectious focus can be reliably turned off, drainage is not necessary; wire sutures. Careful stretching of rectal stomas after surgery facilitates the evacuation of gases and feces.

The mucosal immune system: from specialized immune defense to inflammation and allergy

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kiyono ◽  
M.-N. Kweon ◽  
T. Hiroi ◽  
I. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Mucosal Immune System
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