scholarly journals Anuros del norte de los andes: patrones de riqueza de especies y estado de conservación

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (39) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Orlando Armesto ◽  
Josefa Celsa Señaris
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Cordillera Central ◽  
Northern Andes ◽  
Iucn Categories ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Richness Patterns

Knowledge of Andean anurans is constantly increasing; for this reason, it needs an update. We reviewed scientific literature and museum records to determine the species richness of anurans in the northern Andes and their conservation status based on the IUCN categories. The northern Andes harbor 740 species of anurans, belonging to 13 families and 63 genera. The family with the highest species number was Craugastoridae (334 spp.), followed by Bufonidae (92 spp.), and Centrolenidae (81 spp.). The Cordillera Central of Colombia harbors the highest species richness (199 spp.), while the Cordillera de la Costa Oriental de Venezuela contains the lowest species number (17 spp.). Most species (74%) is endemic to the northern Andes, but no family is endemic to the northern Andes. About 50% species is threatened and 20% is included in the category of deficient data. The species richness patterns in northern Andes might be caused, among other reasons, by historical factors, but also result of sampling lack in some areas.

scholarly journals Predicting continental-scale patterns of bird species richness with spatially explicit models

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1607) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Rahbek ◽  
Nicholas J Gotelli ◽  
Robert K Colwell ◽  
Gary L Entsminger ◽  
Thiago Fernando L.V.B Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Biotic Diversity ◽  
Correlative Models ◽  
Richness Patterns

The causes of global variation in species richness have been debated for nearly two centuries with no clear resolution in sight. Competing hypotheses have typically been evaluated with correlative models that do not explicitly incorporate the mechanisms responsible for biotic diversity gradients. Here, we employ a fundamentally different approach that uses spatially explicit Monte Carlo models of the placement of cohesive geographical ranges in an environmentally heterogeneous landscape. These models predict species richness of endemic South American birds (2248 species) measured at a continental scale. We demonstrate that the principal single-factor and composite (species-energy, water-energy and temperature-kinetics) models proposed thus far fail to predict ( r 2 ⩽0.05) the richness of species with small to moderately large geographical ranges (first three range-size quartiles). These species constitute the bulk of the avifauna and are primary targets for conservation. Climate-driven models performed reasonably well only for species with the largest geographical ranges (fourth quartile) when range cohesion was enforced. Our analyses suggest that present models inadequately explain the extraordinary diversity of avian species in the montane tropics, the most species-rich region on Earth. Our findings imply that correlative climatic models substantially underestimate the importance of historical factors and small-scale niche-driven assembly processes in shaping contemporary species-richness patterns.

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of the Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Teixeira Silva ◽  
Ricardo Jucá Chagas ◽  
Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos ◽  
Angela Maria Zanata ◽  
Beatriz Kawamura Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Temporary Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Threat Categories ◽  
Coastal Basins

Abstract: This work was carried out from the assessment of the conservation status of the freshwater ichthyofauna from Bahia State. The inventory data and species distribution were obtained from the specialized scientific literature and representative ichthyological collections. A total of 281 native species was recorded in Bahia State, distributed in the Northeastern Mata Atlantica (NMA) and São Francisco (SFR) freshwater ecoregions. There was a larger number of species in the NMA (187 spp.), composed by several coastal basins, than in the SFR (134 spp.), composed by São Francisco river basin. Among the 30 families recorded, Characidae and Rivulidae were the most representative, with 53 and 48 species, respectively. The conservation status of 214 species was assessed and 33 of them (15%) were included in the IUCN threat categories. Of these, 11 species were classified as vulnerable (VU), 12 as endangered (EN), and 10 as critically endangered (CR). Most threatened species (n = 14) belongs to the family Rivulidae. The larger number of threatened species in the NMA: (n = 23) is mainly related to the high endemism of restricted-range species associated with the human occupation impacts along the coastal regions. In the SFR, most of threatened species are annual killifishes, which are locally disappearing due to increasing degradation of their temporary habitats.

scholarly journals Estimación de la riqueza de especies de Asteraceae mediante extrapolación a partir de datos de presencia-ausencia

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
José Luis Villaseñor ◽  
Pedro Maeda ◽  
J. Javier Colín-López ◽  
Enrique Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
The Family ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Richness Patterns ◽  
Non Parametric Estimation ◽  
Mexican Species

Using label data of herbarium specimens of Mexican species belonging to four recently revised tribes of the family Asteraceae (Mutisieae, Senecioneae, Tageteae, and Vernonieae), richness patterns in the country of these tribes were estimated through extrapolation. The ICE (“Incidence-based Coverage Estimator”) non-parametric estimation technique, which is based on presence-absence data of species by area unit, was used. In total 553 species were analyzed; they account for 18.3% of the total Asteraceae species richness of Mexico and were represented by 24,304 specimen records from 14,714 different localities. Information for species was analyzed by dividing the country in cells or grid-squares of 1° latitude and longitude, and cells of 0.5°. The cells with the highest known species richness (hot spots) were identified, as well as those suggested by extrapolation as having a high estimated richness. Using the differences between estimated and observed richness by cell, those pinpointed as requiring urgent attention for future fieldwork were determined; they are considered to be important assuming that they include a proportionally larger number of species than those presently known, according to their estimated richness.

Parasitism of ectoparasitic flies on bats in the northern Brazilian cerrado

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Santos ◽  
Agostinho Pereira ◽  
Vagner Bastos ◽  
Gustavo Graciolli ◽  
José Rebêlo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Bat Flies ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Bat Fly

AbstractIn this work we record the highest number of bat flies species among those already performed in the Brazilian cerrado and discuss the associations and patterns of parasitism of these species and their hosts. A total of 1,390 ectoparasitic flies were collected, belonging to 24 species of Streblidae and one of Nycteribiidae, parasitizing 227 bats of 15 species. Among the species found, the presence of Trichobius sp. on Lonchophylla mordax and the first occurrence of Hershkovitzia sp. on Thyroptera devivoi are highlighted. Lophostoma species presented the highest proportion of individuals with infracommunities and the highest values of parasitological indexes. The high number of bat fly species and hosts, as well as the high values for rates of parasitism and infracommunities, suggests that this area of cerrado has good shelter conditions for these species. The abundance of species and high rates of parasitism detracts from the hypothesis that a higher mean intensity of ectoparasites results from lower competition among flies for hosts in areas with lower ectoparasite species richness. Biogeographical and historical factors of host populations, besides the number of host species and individuals sampled, may contribute to species number and intensity of parasitism.

scholarly journals Patterns and drivers of native, non-native, and at-risk freshwater fish richness in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.U. Mohamed Anas ◽  
Nicholas E. Mandrak
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
Richness Patterns ◽  
Native Species Richness

Understanding the relative roles of the historical, environmental, and anthropogenic processes underlying spatial biodiversity patterns is crucial to predict the impacts of global environmental changes. We quantified the relative roles of these factors in influencing species richness of total, native, non-native, and at-risk freshwater fishes in 985 tertiary watersheds across Canada, while accounting for correlations among descriptors and spatial autocorrelation. Our findings indicate differences in factors influencing richness patterns among species categories. Environmental factors related to energy availability and historical factors related to post-glacial recolonization both played roles in shaping spatial variation in native species richness. In contrast, variation in non-native species richness was largely related to human activities increasing propagule pressure and habitat disturbance, which were greater for foreign species (i.e. not native to Canada) than for translocated native species. Anthropogenic processes and environmental conditions were both important determinants of at-risk species richness. Our study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach that simultaneously considers natural and anthropogenic processes to better predict the fish biodiversity change at the landscape scale.

First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Dao Nhan Loi ◽  
Vu Dinh Thong
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Taxa

The internationally renowned Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site is located in the Dien Bien Phu region, northwestern Vietnam, and has received special attention from the public because of its great biodiversity. This site has a large forest area and other habitats including lakes, streams, rivers and paddyfield. These habitats would be ideal homes for bats and other biological taxa. However, in general, the wildlife of the Muong Phang Cultural and Historical Site receives little attention from scientists and authorities. Between 2014 and 2016, we conducted  series of surveys for bats in Muong Phang. Bat capture and sound recordings were the main procedure to obtain materials and data necessary for the assessment of diversity and conservation status. The results of the surveys this time revealed that there are 19 species of bats belonging to 7 genera, 5 families in the study area. Of these, a Myotis sp. is different from all the previously recorded Myotis bats from Vietnam, and, a Rhinolophus sp. is different from every described species of the family Rhinolophidae. This paper provides the first records of bats from Muong Phang with remarks on their taxonomy and conservation status.   Citation: Dao Nhan Loi, Vu Dinh Thong, 2017. First records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Muong Phang cultural and historical site, Dien Bien province, Northwestern Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 296-302. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10641. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. Received 29 August 2017, accepted 10 September 2017 

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate and Human Pressures on Functional Diversity and Species Richness Patterns of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals in Europe

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Tsianou ◽  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
Aristi Andrikou-Charitidou ◽  
Stefanos P. Sgardelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Rao’S Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Richness Patterns

The ongoing biodiversity crisis reinforces the urgent need to unravel diversity patterns and the underlying processes shaping them. Although taxonomic diversity has been extensively studied and is considered the common currency, simultaneously conserving other facets of diversity (e.g., functional diversity) is critical to ensure ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here, we explored the effect of key climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality, and precipitation seasonality) and factors reflecting human pressures (agricultural land, urban land, land-cover diversity, and human population density) on the functional diversity (functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy) and species richness of amphibians (68 species), reptiles (107 species), and mammals (176 species) in Europe. We explored the relationship between different predictors and diversity metrics using generalized additive mixed model analysis, to capture non-linear relationships and to account for spatial autocorrelation. We found that at this broad continental spatial scale, climatic variables exerted a significant effect on the functional diversity and species richness of all taxa. On the other hand, variables reflecting human pressures contributed significantly in the models even though their explanatory power was lower compared to climatic variables. In most cases, functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy responded similarly to climate and human pressures. In conclusion, climate is the most influential factor in shaping both the functional diversity and species richness patterns of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals in Europe. However, incorporating factors reflecting human pressures complementary to climate could be conducive to us understanding the drivers of functional diversity and richness patterns.

scholarly journals Turbid Coral Reefs: Past, Present and Future—A Review

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Adi Zweifler (Zvifler) ◽  
Michael O’Leary ◽  
Kyle Morgan ◽  
Nicola K. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Sediment Input

Increasing evidence suggests that coral reefs exposed to elevated turbidity may be more resilient to climate change impacts and serve as an important conservation hotspot. However, logistical difficulties in studying turbid environments have led to poor representation of these reef types within the scientific literature, with studies using different methods and definitions to characterize turbid reefs. Here we review the geological origins and growth histories of turbid reefs from the Holocene (past), their current ecological and environmental states (present), and their potential responses and resilience to increasing local and global pressures (future). We classify turbid reefs using new descriptors based on their turbidity regime (persistent, fluctuating, transitional) and sources of sediment input (natural versus anthropogenic). Further, by comparing the composition, function and resilience of two of the most studied turbid reefs, Paluma Shoals Reef Complex, Australia (natural turbidity) and Singapore reefs (anthropogenic turbidity), we found them to be two distinct types of turbid reefs with different conservation status. As the geographic range of turbid reefs is expected to increase due to local and global stressors, improving our understanding of their responses to environmental change will be central to global coral reef conservation efforts.

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