scholarly journals Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. e20216186
Author(s):  
Renato Gregorin ◽  
Patrícia Araújo Zanatta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Medial Lobe ◽  
Aerial Insectivore ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neotropical Bats ◽  
Tongue Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Comparative morphological characters in Neotropical bats are mostly restricted to external and cranio-dentary complexes, and few studies focusing on other morphological complexes have been carried out. In the case of tongue morphology, comparative analyses of the structure have been restricted to the superfamily Noctilionoidea with a wide range of diets, and Molossidae, a strictly aerial insectivore family. In this paper, we studied the morphology of tongue papillae in 10 aerial insectivore Neotropical bat species, representing six families (Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae), and data from the previous study of Molossidae were compared. We studied tongues in light and scanning electron microscopes following material preparation protocols. We observed two types of sensitive papillae, circumvallate and fungiform, the latter at times presenting a groove surrounding the papillae. Nine mechanic types were observed, one of them, which we called flaky-like, not hitherto described. All Vespertilionoidea families (Vespertilionidae, Natalidae, and Molossidae) presented, as diagnosing characters, fungiform papillae distributed throughout the tongue, as well as anteriorly at the dorsum, and scale-like papillae on the medial lobe directed laterally and anteriorly. Emballonuridae showed the simplest tongue morphology regarding the presence and abundance of some papillae. Families composing the clade Furipteridae + Thyropteridae + Mormoopidae presented small and non-grooved fungiform papillae, and mechanical bifid papillae were absent. In summary, this study has provided additional traits (putative synapomorphies) of the bat tongue to support the clades on the current bat phylogeny.

Analysis of Interesting Materials in the Environmental SEM: You Put What in Your Microscope?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
John F. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM™) and variable pressure electron microscope (VPSEM) have become accepted tools in the contemporary electron microscopy facility. Their flexibility and their ability to image almost any sample with little, and often no, specimen preparation has proved so attractive that each manufacturer of scanning electron microscopes now markets a low vacuum model.The University of Michigan Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory (EMAL) operates two variable pressure instruments, an ElectroScan E3 ESEM and a Hitachi S3200N VPSEM. The E3 ESEM was acquired in the early 1990s with funding from the Amoco Foundation and it has been used to examine an extremely wide variety of different materials. Since EMAL serves the entire university community, and offers support to neighboring institutions and local industry, the types of materials examined span a wide range. There are users from Materials Science & Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Biology, Biophysics, Pharmacy and Pharmacology.

scholarly journals The morphology and biology of Gonatus tinro and Gonatopsis okutanii (Teuthida: Gonatidae) indicate that they are conspecific

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Katugin ◽  
Gennadyi A. Shevtsov ◽  
Mikhail A. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Stage

Abstract Katugin, O. N., Shevtsov, G. A., and Zuev, M. A. 2010. The morphology and biology of Gonatus tinro and Gonatopsis okutanii (Teuthida: Gonatidae) indicate that they are conspecific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1464–1477. Distribution, size and maturity patterns, and ontogenetic changes in morphological characters of the squid species Gonatus tinro and Gonatopsis okutanii were examined. The database includes information collected during research surveys to the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1972 through 2005. Both species are distributed within the same areas beyond the shelf: G. tinro within a wide range of depths and an active vertical migrant, G. okutanii mostly demersal, characteristic of many adult gonatids. Seasonal changes in size and maturity of G. tinro and G. okutanii are congruent in many respects: G. tinro are usually small and young with hookless tentacle clubs, and squid identified as G. okutanii tend to be larger adults with truncated tentacles. The comparative morphology of the two species and the discovery of individuals bearing external features of both indicate that G. okutanii is an adult stage and G. tinro a young stage of the same species. It is concluded that G. okutanii is a junior synonym of G. tinro, which becomes the valid name by precedence.

scholarly journals Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1518-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Toth ◽  
Charlene Lobo ◽  
Vinzenz Friedli ◽  
Aleksandra Szkudlarek ◽  
Ivo Utke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Continuum Models ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Focused electron beam induced processing (FEBIP) is a suite of direct-write, high resolution techniques that enable fabrication and editing of nanostructured materials inside scanning electron microscopes and other focused electron beam (FEB) systems. Here we detail continuum techniques that are used to model FEBIP, and release software that can be used to simulate a wide range of processes reported in the FEBIP literature. These include: (i) etching and deposition performed using precursors that interact with a surface through physisorption and activated chemisorption, (ii) gas mixtures used to perform simultaneous focused electron beam induced etching and deposition (FEBIE and FEBID), and (iii) etch processes that proceed through multiple reaction pathways and generate a number of reaction products at the substrate surface. We also review and release software for Monte Carlo modeling of the precursor gas flux which is needed as an input parameter for continuum FEBIP models.

Things That Go “Bump” in the VPSEM - and How We Image with Them

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 772-773
Author(s):  
Brendan J Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Full Range ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Imaging Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Variable pressure scanning electron microscopes (VPSEM) differ from conventional SEM by operating at pressures ranging from the ‘high vacuum’ SEM levels of 10-6 torr up to typically around 2 torr. The environmental SEM or ESEM is a commercial variant which employs an unique multistage pressure-limiting aperture (PLA) system to attain specimen chamber operating pressures of up to 50 torr. Early instruments used air or argon as the imaging gas but more commonly today water vapour is used. A wide range of gases have been employed, including potentially explosive hydrogen-methane mixtures. The choice of gas is operator-based and can be varied during the imaging session.Early VPESM were restricted to backscattered electron imaging (BSE) until the development of the gaseous secondary electron detector in the ESEM. Gaseous secondary electron detectors are now available for all models of VPSEM and together with compatible cathodoluminescence and EDS XRay detectors, the full range of SEM-based imaging options is present.The principal distinguishing feature of VPSEM is, of course, that samples can be examined uncoated. Gas-electron interaction generates a positive ion supply that can minimise conventional charging artefacts, in a simple imaging model.

scholarly journals Low Vacuum SEMs: Latest Generation Technologies and Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
William Neijssen ◽  
Ben Lich ◽  
Pete Carleson
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Since becoming popular more than a decade ago, low vacuum scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have continued to evolve. The latest systems offer uncompromised performance over an unprecedented range of sample chamber vacuum conditions. Instruments are now available that provide near-nanometer resolution in all vacuum modes and the ability to operate at pressures as high as 4000 Pascals (~30 Torr). Low vacuum operation eliminates much of the sample preparation required for conventional (high vacuum) SEM. Insulating samples can be imaged without conductive coatings. Wet, dirty, outgassing samples can be examined without drying and fixing. Systems can also be configured with a wide range of ancillary capabilities for imaging, analysis, and sample manipulation, including advanced secondary, backscattered, and transmitted electron detection, X-ray spectrometry, electron backscatter diffraction, and focused ion beam (FIB) manipulation. The current generation of systems combine speed, flexibility, repeatability, and ease of use, making them the ideal solution for any laboratory that must satisfy a wide range of imaging and analytical demands.

Blissia glabra gen.n., sp.n. (Collembola: Isotomidae) from northwestern Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2077-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rusek
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
River Delta ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Mackenzie River

Blissia glabra, a new genus and species from the Mackenzie River Delta south of Inuvik, N.W.T., is described. The new genus is related to Tetracanthella Schött, 1891 (Isotomidae). Morphological characters as seen with light and scanning electron microscopes are described and figured.

scholarly journals Desarrollo de los gametofitos de especies mexicanas de Gleicheniaceae

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Norberto Farfán-Santillán ◽  
Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz ◽  
Blanca Pérez-García ◽  
Ernesto Velázquez-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Primitive Feature ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Prothallial Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

In Mexico, the Gleicheniaceae family is represented by different species such as Dicranopteris flexuosa, Diplopterygium bancroftii, Gleichenella pectinata, Sticherus bifidus, S. brevipubis, S. palmatus and S. underwoodianus. Currently, few studies have described the gametophytes of some species in this family, and our objective was to contribute to the knowledge, and to describe and compare different aspects of their germination, gametophyte development, and to determine if the prothallus characters are useful for taxonomic delimitations in the group. For this purpose, specimens and spores of each taxon were collected in the field, spores were sown in Petri dishes containing agar and Thompson nutrient medium, and grown in a plant growing chamber under controlled conditions of light (12 hr light/darkness), (50 %) humidity, and temperature (18 °C night, 25 °C day). Additionally, observations of fresh materials were made and photomicrographs were taken using both optical and scanning electron microscopes. Our observations allowed distinguishing two types of germination Gleichenia and Cyathea; and three types of prothallial development Marattia, Osmunda and Drynaria. Gametangia presented more than three cells, and this is considered a primitive feature by other authors. As some variations in the germination type were observed and have not previously been reported in the literature for this family, and because of the heterogenity in the patterns of the prothallial cell development, and gametangia of more than four cells, it is important to broaden the study to other species, in order to determine the taxonomic value of the morphological characters of the gametophyte, as well as to determine if these variations are present in other species of the family.

Calibration of Scanning Electron Microscopes over a Wide Range of Magnifications

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Kirtaev ◽  
A. Yu. Kuzin ◽  
V. G. Maslov ◽  
V. B. Mityukhlyaev ◽  
P. A. Todua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals A Fractographic Study of Bending/Torsion Fatigue Failure in Metallic Materials with Protective Surface Layers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Slámečka ◽  
Petr Šesták ◽  
Tomáš Vojtek ◽  
Marta Kianicová ◽  
Jana Horníková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Diffusion Coatings ◽  
Fractographic Study ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Results are given of a fractographic study of biaxial in-phase bending/torsion fatigue fractures in specimens made of nitrided steel and nickel-based superalloy with protective coatings (diffusion coatings and plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings). Fracture surfaces were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes while stereophotogrammetry and optical profilometry were employed to obtain 3D surface data of selected fracture surface regions. The studied materials exhibited a wide range of fracture mechanisms depending on the microstructure and applied mechanical loading.

Toward High-Resolution Low-Voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Recently, low voltage (≤5kV) scanning electron microscopes have become popular because of their unprecedented advantages, such as minimized charging effects and smaller specimen damage, etc. Perhaps the most important advantage of LVSEM is that they may be able to provide ultrahigh resolution since the interaction volume decreases when electron energy is reduced. It is obvious that no matter how low the operating voltage is, the resolution is always poorer than the probe radius. To achieve 10Å resolution at 5kV (including non-local effects), we would require a probe radius of 5∽6 Å. At low voltages, we can no longer ignore the effects of chromatic aberration because of the increased ratio δV/V. The 3rd order spherical aberration is another major limiting factor. The optimized aperture should be calculated as

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