scholarly journals Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. e162784
Author(s):  
Davidianne De Andrade Morais ◽  
Camila De Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Denize Monteiro dos Anjos ◽  
Bruno Cesar Nunes ◽  
Denise Batista Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Infection Prophylaxis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
High Degree

Considering the importance of leptospirosis in both equine husbandry and public health, as well as the relevance of knowledge of current serogroup and the small number of studies addressing this disease in equines in Northeastern Brazil, the present study performed a serological survey of Leptospira spp. in a serum bank of 1,267 equines originating from 177 municipalities, located in four states in Northeastern Brazil: Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used for diagnosis of leptospirosis using 24 serovars as antigens. The frequency of reagent equines was 29.7% (376/1,267), and 68.9% (122/177) of municipalities had at least one positive reaction. The serogroups reagent were Australis (37.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (29.3%), Tarassovi (9.6%), Sejroe (5.8%), Pomona (5.3%), Grippotyphosa (4.5%), Pyrogenes (2.4%), Bataviae (1.9%), Ballum and Hebdomadis (1.3%), Mini (0.5%), Celledoni, Shermani, and Javanica (0.3% each). There were significant statistical differences regarding sex and age, with a higher frequency in females (P= 0.014), and in animals ≥ 6 years (P=0.001). We concluded that seropositivity to Leptospira spp. is high in equines in Northeastern Brazil, with a predominance of serologic reactions to the Australis serogroup in the border areas between the states, and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in coastal areas or their vicinity. The high degree of seropositivity found points to the need to implement prophylactic strategies, both intraspecies infection prophylaxis and rodent control. We also recommended avoiding animal crowding and separating animals according to sex and age group during handling.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization of leptospirosis in horses in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽  
Kalyne Danielly Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Diego Figueiredo da Costa ◽  
Leise Gomes Fernandes ◽  
Severino Silvano dos Santos Higino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

ABSTRACT: An epidemiological survey aiming to determine the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and to identify risk factors was carried out in horses of the Pajeú microregion, state of Pernambuco. Sera from 100 horses from 38 properties in four counties in the region were examined by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), using 24 Leptospira spp. serovars as antigens. Of the 100 samples tested, 28 (28%) were positive. Most prevalent serovars were Patoc (35.71%), Butembo (32.14%) and Sentot (14.30%). Supply of pasture as forage (odds ratio =7.80; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.71-35.50; p=0.008) was identify as risk factor. It is suggested the need for studies on agent isolation and characterization of its pathogenicity, as well as it is recommended the rodent control in deposits of feed and environment.

scholarly journals A serological survey of canine leptospirosis in the city of Belgrade, Serbia

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Dragica Vojinovic ◽  
Jadranka Zutic ◽  
Ana Vasic ◽  
Slobodan Stanojevic ◽  
Ljiljana Spalevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The City ◽  
Sera Samples

Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Dogs are one of the animal species involved in the cycle of preservation and transmission of leptospirosis in urban areas. Serological testing for the presence of specific antibodies against Leptospira spp. in dogs was continuously performed between 2010 and 2020 in the city of Belgrade. At the request of the owners themselves, other veterinary laboratories or laboratory clinics, 179 blood sera from 179 dogs were examined in the Laboratory for Immunology, Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia. Blood sera samples from dogs were examined using the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies against seven different serovars of Leptospira: Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Canicola, Bataviae, and Australis. The number of seropositive dogs was 17/179 (9.5%). Among all examined sera, the highest titre of seropositive samples was to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (10/17, 58.8%), followed by Pomona (4/17, 23.5%), and serovar Canicola (3/17, 17.6%). Specific antibodies for serovars Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Bataviae and Australis were not detected in any of the dog sera. Cross-reaction (the presence of two or three titres with different values where one of them was higher than others) between different serovars was diagnosed in a low number of sera (n=4), with the following serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona (n=3) and Pomona and Canicola (n=1). The confirmed specific antibody titres for Leptospira spp. were between 1:100 to 1:3000 (5 sera had titres of 1:100, 7 had titres of 1:300, 4 had titres of 1:1000, and 1 serum had a titre 1:3000). Monitoring canine leptospirosis is a useful tool in preventing leptospirosis in Belgrade.

scholarly journals Serological survey of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) at the Curitiba Zoo, southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Vivien M. Morikawa ◽  
Cristina K. Zimpel ◽  
Igor A.D. Paploski ◽  
Mariana Kikuti ◽  
Vanessa Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Ammotragus Lervia ◽  
Barbary Sheep ◽  
Leptospira Spp

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis, affecting humans, domestic and wild animals. The present study aimed to evaluate prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Barbary sheep at the Curitiba zoo. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed using 17 serogroups. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were observed in 23.5% samples and Icterohaemorrhagiae was the only prevalent serogroup. The presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in Barbary sheep indicates exposure to leptospires; thus monitoring and preventive measures are necessary in zoo’s captive animals, since they can act as sentinels of environmental exposure in an area with high movement of people.

scholarly journals Serological survey of porcine circovirus 2 antibodies in Northeastern Brazil by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Priscila Rocha Duque ◽  
Antonio Samuel Alves da Silva ◽  
Marconi Rego Barros Júnior ◽  
Andreza Maria Tenório Sergio ◽  
Clara Nilce Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Antibody Titers

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) specific antibodies were evaluated in pigs at 15 to 25 weeks of age by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. Serum samples (n = 575) were obtained from 16 commercial farms located in six states of northeastern Brazil, including two in Ceará (n = 85), three in Rio Grande do Norte (n = 92), two in Paraíba (n = 49), three in Pernambuco (n = 107), two in Alagoas (n = 39), and four in Bahia (n = 203). Out of the 575 evaluated sera, 470 (81.74%) were reagents with antibody titers ranging from 20 to 5,120. All farms presented reactive animals. There was a statistically significant difference in reactivity proportions between the states of Bahia and Ceará (p < 0.05) and between Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte (p < 0.05). This study provides the first serological investigation for PCV2 in pigs from commercial farms in Northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Frequency of Leptospira spp. in sheep from Brazilian slaughterhouses and its association with epidemiological variables

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
Veruska Maia da Costa ◽  
Fabio Hiroto Shimabukuro ◽  
Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Leptospirosis is a worldwide anthropozoonosis that infects livestock, including sheep as the carriers to other animals and humans. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Leptospira spp. in sheep from two slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and its association with epidemiological variables. Serum samples from 182 sheep were evaluated for Leptospira spp. antibodies by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results indicated 34/182 (18.68%; CI95% 13.70-24.98%) positive serum samples, mainly to the serovar Copenhageni (17/34; 50%; CI95% 33.99-66.01%). Bacterial growth in the Fletcher medium was detected for 13/34 (38.24%; CI95% 23.87-55.08%) animals, and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing for only two kidney samples from two animals. Thus, treatment and vaccination of sheep, besides rodent control, can be useful to prevent the infection in the studied region since sheep are important Leptospira spp. carriers, and its transmission to slaughterhouse workers is mainly through the manipulation of visceral tissues.

scholarly journals Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110317
Author(s):  
Le Thi Phuong Mai ◽  
Luu Phuong Dung ◽  
Phan Dang Than ◽  
Tran Van Dinh ◽  
Nguyen Tu Quyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Variability

Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Only a few studies have evaluated the status of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first serological survey of Leptospira in both domestic and wild animals, which may act as reservoirs of this agent. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals that are in close contact with humans in different geographical areas in Vietnam. Sera were collected from 1205 individual animals of six species, including buffaloes, cattle, cats, dogs, swine, and rats. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 25 serovars of Leptospira spp. has been employed to detect serovars of Leptospira among the studied population. Overall, 44.2% of buffaloes, 24.9% of cattle, 10.2% of swine, 32.9% of dogs, 12.2% of cats, and 16% of rats were seropositive. A total of 17 different serovars were detected, of which serovars Hebdomadis and Canicola circulated in all the studied animal species. Variability of the predominant serovars circulating in animal species and in different geographical areas of Vietnam has been noted. We conclude that this study showed a high prevalence of Leptospira circulating in animals that are in close contact with humans, raising an alert of the important sources of pathogenic leptospires transmission to humans in Vietnam. These findings prove an imperative need for effective measures for disease prevention.

A Serological Survey on Erysipelas in Chickens by Growth Agglutination Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Takahashi ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
M. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serological Survey

Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ravinder K Gupta ◽  
Vallabh Dogra ◽  
Himani Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation.  Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

A New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Justicieae) from Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Camila Alcantara ◽  
Gleison Soares ◽  
Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Marccus Alves
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—Justicia rubrobracteata, a new species from northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to J. aequilabris due to its shrubby habit, and terminal and axillary spicate inflorescences with red flowers. However, J. rubrobracteata is differentiated mainly by the shape and color of its bracts and bracteoles as well as an orangish macula in the corolla, and a torulose capsule. In addition, J. rubrobracteata is only known from northeastern Brazil, from the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, while J. aequilabris is widely distributed in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. A table with the main morphological characters of both species is included, as well as photographs, a key to species of Justicia for the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte in northeastern Brazil, a distribution map of both species, and conservation data for the new species.

scholarly journals A serological survey of leptospirosis in cattle of rural communities in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U.W. Hesterberg ◽  
R. Bagnall ◽  
B. Bosch ◽  
K. Perrett ◽  
R. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
District Level ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans Serovar Pomona

A serological survey of leptospirosis in cattle originating from rural communities of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa was carried out between March 2001 and December 2003. The survey was designed as a 2-stage survey, using the local dip tank as the primary sampling point. In total, 2021 animals from 379 dip tanks in 33 magisterial districts were sampled and tested with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The apparent prevalence at district level was adjusted for clustering and diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity and displayed in maps. The prevalence of leptospirosis in cattle originating from communal grazing areas of KZN was found to be 19.4% with a 95% confidence interval of 14.8-24.1 %. At district level the prevalence of leptospirosis varied from 0 to 63 % of cattle. Bovine leptospirosis was found to occur in communal grazing areas throughout the province with the exception of 2 districts. The southeastern regions showed a higher prevalence than other areas of the province; while in some of the northern and western districts a lower prevalence was noted. Several serovars were detected by the MAT and although Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona occurred most frequently, serovars tarrasovi, bratislava, hardjo, canicola and icterohaemorrhagica were also frequently identified. The findings of the survey are discussed.

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