Perkinsus sp. infecting three important mollusks from Jaguaribe River estuary, Ceará, Brazil

This work investigated the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, oyster Crassostrea sp. and mussel Mytella falcata from the Jaguaribe River estuary, northeastern Brazil. The collection of clam (N = 300), oysters (N = 300) and mussels (N = 300) were carried out in the estuary of the Jaguaribe River, Ceará, in March and April (rainy season) and October (dry season) in 2017. The mollusks were measured in their major axis, open, and had their tissues submitted to tissue incubation techniques in Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM), histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), PCR and sequencing. The RFTM assays showed Perkinsus sp. infecting the three mollusks investigated. The prevalence of infected clams was 1.33% in both sampling periods, oysters ranged from 2.66 (rainy season) to 8% (dry period), and mussels from 0% (dry period) to 51.33% (rainy season). The intensity of infection was very light to light in clams, very soft to severe in oysters and very soft to moderate in mussels. Histological analyses showed cells of Perkinsus sp. infecting the gills and connective tissue around the digestive gland of some individuals. The qPCR generated amplicons in all positive samples in RFTM, confirming the presence of Perkinsus sp., while the sequencing evidenced high similarity (99%) with the species P. beihaiensis. In conclusion, the results obtained contribute to increasing knowledge about the occurrence of Perkinsus sp. in bivalve mollusks from northeastern Brazil.

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Epizootiology of Perkinsus sp. inCrassostrea gasar oysters in polyculture with shrimps in northeastern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612016011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 37-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patricia Mirella da Silva ◽

Carolina Pereira Costa ◽

Jaíse Paiva Bragante de Araújo ◽

Fernando Ramos Queiroga ◽

Alexandre Alter Wainberg

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Perkinsus Marinus ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Shrimp Ponds ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Production Stages ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Bivalve culture is of considerable economic and social interest in northeastern (NE) Brazil. The polyculture is an alternative approach to traditional monoculture for reducing the environmental impact of shrimp farming and improving oyster culture. Perkinsus marinus andPerkinsus olseni were found infecting oysters in NE Brazil and can threaten oyster production. This study evaluatedPerkinsus spp. occurrence in Crassostrea gasar during all production stages. Oyster spats were produced in a hatchery and grown in shrimp ponds in Rio Grande do Norte state.Perkinsus spp. were surveyed by Ray’s fluid thioglycollate medium and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined in oysters until they reached 7 cm. Results showed that the broodstock was already infected by Perkinsus (60%), but the derived spats were Perkinsus-free. Oyster spats acquired Perkinsus infection when transferred to ponds. The prevalence gradually increased in the seven months following placement in ponds (73%), and then decreased to 17% by the tenth month. The infections were initially mild, but intensity increased at the final growth stage. In conclusion, it is possible to produce Perkinsus-free C. gasar oyster spats from infected broodstock, and their culture in shrimp ponds is feasible.

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Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 627

Author(s):

Hagen Frickmann ◽

Juliane Alker ◽

Jessica Hansen ◽

Juan Carlos Dib ◽

Andrés Aristizabal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indigenous People ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Dry Season ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Resource Limited Settings ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain

Fecal-orally transmitted cyclosporiasis is frequent in remote resource-limited settings in Central and South America with poor hygiene conditions. In this study, we aimed at assessing seasonal effects on the epidemiology of colonization or infection with C. cayetanensis in Colombian indigenous people living under very restricted conditions. In the rainy season between July and November and in the dry season between January and April, stool samples from indigenous people with and without gastrointestinal symptoms were collected and screened for C. cayetanensis applying in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the rainy season and in the dry season, positive PCR results were observed for 11.8% (16/136) and 5.1% (15/292), respectively, with cycle threshold (Ct) values of 30.6 (±3.4) and 34.4 (±1.6), respectively. Despite higher parasite loads in the rainy season, fewer individuals (2/16, 12.5%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms compared to the dry season (6/15, 40%). In conclusion, considerable prevalence of C. cayetanensis in Colombian indigenous people persists in the dry season. Low proportions of gastrointestinal symptoms along with higher parasite loads make colonization likely rather than infection.

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Respiratory Pathogens in Children 1 Month to 5 Years of Age Presenting With Undifferentiated Acute Respiratory Distress in 2 District-Level Hospitals in Ghana

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/piy090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 361-364

Author(s):

Patrick T Wilson ◽

Frank Baiden ◽

Joshua C Brooks ◽

Katie M Giessler ◽

Gavin Apio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Syncytial Virus

Abstract Ghanaian children (2176) aged <5 years who presented with undifferentiated acute respiratory distress were tested for respiratory pathogens using a BioFire FilmArray polymerase chain reaction assay. Rhinovirus and/or enterovirus was detected in 36% of the assays, respiratory syncytial virus in 11%, and parainfluenza in 7%. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus were detected more frequently in the rainy season than in the dry season.

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DETERMINATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA AND E. DISPAR IN THE PERNAMBUCO STATE OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.221 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 221-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

SANDRA M. B. PINHEIRO ◽

LUIZ B. CARVALHO ◽

IVANISE S. ACA ◽

MARCOS A. MORAIS ◽

MARIA R. M. COIMBRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Planktonic rotifers from a tropical estuary under high marine influence (Passos River, PE, Brazil).

Tropical Oceanography ◽

10.5914/tropocean.v42i3.5770 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Simone JORGE FILHO ◽

Sigrid NEUMANN-LEITÃO ◽

Tâmara De Almeida e SILVA ◽

Mauro De MELO JÚNIOR

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Brachionus Plicatilis ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

River Estuary ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Light Extinction ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Salinity Regime ◽

Light Extinction Coefficient

Passos River estuary, which is very influenced by marine waters, were carried out monthly from August/2009 to September/2010. A 64µm mesh size plankton net was hauled during low tide at two fixed stations in spring tides. Physical parameters as temperature, salinity, transparency and light extinction coefficient were obtained simultaneously. Statistical tests (Man-Whitney) were performed to evaluate possible seasonal and spatial variations. The rotifers were represented by only four species. Although there was no significant seasonal variation, the highest abundances were registered in the rainy season, with an expressive predominance of Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786. However, a population pick was registered in the dry season (September/2009; 13182,03 org.m-3 ) and the lowest value was registered in the rainy season (2010 May; 7,56 org.m-3 ). Brachionus plicatilis Müller, 1786 was highlighted as salinity indicator as well as its extremely opportunistic condition in eutrophic ecossistems, while Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas, 1766) and Rotaria sp. indicated organic pollution. Due to the constant high salinity regime the estuary showed few species richness. Keywords: Indicator, Rotifers, Salinity, Northeastern Brazil.

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Seasonal and spatial variability of appendicularian density and taxonomic composition in the Caravelas Estuary (Northeastern Brazil) and adjacent coastal area

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132010000100020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 161-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pedro Freitas de Carvalho ◽

Sérgio Luiz Costa Bonecker

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variability ◽

Coastal Area ◽

Rainy Season ◽

River Estuary ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Oikopleura Dioica ◽

Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽

The Mean ◽

Adjacent Coastal Area

This study aimed to identify and assess the seasonal and spatial variations of the appendicularians in the Caravelas River estuary and the adjacent coastal area. Samples were taken during 12 campaigns over five years (2001 and 2003-2006). Ten species were identified; the most abundant were Oikopleura dioica, Oikopleura rufescens, and Oikopleura longicauda. These species represented more than 95% of the total numbers of appendicularians. The remaining species were less frequent and occurred in low densities. The mean density of appendicularians found at the coastal stations (804 ind.m-3.) was higher than in the estuary (66 ind.m-3). However, the differences observed between the estuary and coastal stations were not significant (p=0.54). The samples taken during the dry season showed a higher mean density (587 ind.m-3) than in the rainy season (376 ind.m-3), and the differences between the seasons were statistically significant (p=0.004).

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First Report of a 16SrII Group Phytoplasma Associated with Shoot Proliferation of a Cactus (Opuntia monacantha) in Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-1129b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (10) ◽

pp. 1129-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Choueiri ◽

R. Massad ◽

F. Jreijiri ◽

J. L. Danet ◽

P. Salar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Academic Press ◽

High Similarity ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

First Report ◽

Shoot Tissue ◽

Digestion Pattern ◽

Phytoplasma Infection ◽

Polymerase Chain

In October 2003, during a survey to evaluate the incidence of phytoplasma diseases in Lebanon, symptoms suggestive of phytoplasma infection in Opuntia monacantha (Haworth) were observed in Saghbine, Bekaa Valley. Symptoms were excessive stem and shoot proliferation. Three symptomatic and as well as symptomless plants were collected and analyzed for the presence of phytoplasmas. Nucleic acids were extracted from 0.5 g of shoot tissue and tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal phytoplasma primers (fU5rU3) for partial amplification of the ribosomal 16SrDNA (4). PCR resulted in amplification of an expected 881-bp rDNA fragment from the symptomatic but not from symptomless samples. For characterization, sequence of the amplified DNA was determined (Genbank Accession No. AY939815). The sequence showed a high similarity with several isolates of the 16srII group of phytoplasmas. The highest similarity has been oserved with 16S rDNA of two isolates of cactus witches'-broom phytoplasma found in China (1) and Mexico (3) (Genbank Accession Nos. AJ293216 and AF320575, respectively) (99.8%) as well as faba bean phyllody phytoplasma (Genbank Accession No. X83432) (99.7%) and “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia” (Genbank Accession No. U15442) (99.3%). The presence of phytoplasmas was confirmed using nested-PCR with primers R16mF2/R1 and R16F2n/R2 (2). The Tru9I digestion pattern of the amplified product R16F2n/F16R2 detected in O. monacantha was identical to the digestion pattern obtained from periwinkle infected by “Ca. P. aurantifolia” (subgroup 16SrII-B) and soybean phyllody phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-C), but different from the Tru9I digestion pattern observed for cleome phyllody phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-A) and tomato big bud phytoplasma (subgroup 16SrII-E). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an infection with a phytoplasma belonging to16SrII group in Lebanon. References: (1) H. Cai et al. Plant Pathol. 51:394, 2002. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I. M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) N. E. Leyva-Lopez et al. Phytopathology. (Abstr.) 89(suppl):S45, 1999. (4) B. Schneider et al. Pages 369–380 in: Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology. Academic Press, NY, 1995.

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Benthic Bacillariophyta of the Paripe River estuary in Pernambuco state, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842007000300003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 393-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

AN. Moura ◽

MC. Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽

EC. Nascimento

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

River Estuary ◽

Benthic Diatom ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Dry Period ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Infraspecific Taxa ◽

Estuary Sediment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the benthic diatom composition from the estuary sediment in the Pernambuco State, based on 32 samples. Samples were collected monthly from September through December 1999 (dry period) and from April through July 2000 (rainy period) during four pre established sampling stations. Results indicated 19 families and 31 specific and infraspecific taxa. Eight new records were founded for Pernambuco State: Auliscus coelatus, Fallacia nummularia, Navicula algida, Plagiograma pulchellum, Terpsinoe americana, Triceratium antideluvianna and Tryblionella coarctata and one, Auliscus punctatus Bailey, in northeastern Brazil.

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Taxonomic Repositioning of Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Nayudu 1972) Dye 1978 as Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Nayudu 1972) Dye 1978 comb. nov. and Emendation of the Description of Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii to Include Pigmented Isolates Pathogenic to Cashew Plant

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-02-18-0037-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (10) ◽

pp. 1143-1153 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marco Aurélio Siqueira da Gama ◽

Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano ◽

Wilson José da Silva Júnior ◽

Antônio Roberto Gomes de Farias ◽

Maria Angélica Guimarães Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Xanthomonas Citri ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Xanthomonas Species ◽

Study Support ◽

Polymerase Chain

Grapevine bacterial canker, which is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola, is one of the most important grapevine diseases in the northeastern region of Brazil. This disease causes severe damage and represents a high potential risk to the development of Brazilian viticulture. In turn, pigmented isolates pathogenic to cashew plant, making cashew fruit unfit for sale, also have been detected in Northeastern Brazil. Given that the taxonomic position of these bacteria is unclear, the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) technique, average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and tetranucleotide frequency correlation coefficients (TETRA) were used to analyze their phylogenetic relationship in relation to other Xanthomonas species. X. campestris pv. viticola was closely related to X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae (repetitive-polymerase chain reaction [rep-PCR], MLSA, and ANI) and X. citri subsp. citri (MLSA and ANI). Pigmented isolates pathogenic to cashew plant were closely related to X. citri pv. anacardii (rep-PCR, MLSA, ANI, and TETRA). The results obtained in this study support the emendation of the description of X. citri pv. anacardii to include pigmented isolates of Xanthomonas pathogenic to cashew plant. In addition, the reclassification of X. campestris pv. viticola as X. citri pv. viticola comb. nov. is suggested.

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Disseminated Leishmaniasis by Leishmania viannia Subgenus: A Series of 18 Cases in Southeastern Brazil

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofv184 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sebastian Vernal ◽

Natalia A. De Paula ◽

Ciro M. Gomes ◽

Ana Maria Roselino

Keyword(s):

Mixed Type ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Body Parts ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background. Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) is an emerging clinical form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) that occurs mainly in Northeastern Brazil. This study describes 18 cases where DL has not yet been reported. Methods. Disseminated leishmaniasis cases were extracted from ATL recorded cases between 1987 and March 2015. Disseminated leishmaniasis identification was based on ≥10 mixed-type lesions, located in ≥2 body parts. Results. Eighteen (5.4%) patients were identified as DL. Polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion confirmed Leishmania viannia subgenus in 17 patients; amastigotes forms were identified in another one. Conclusions. Considering that DL diagnosis and management is challenging, clinicians must be aware of this emerging clinical form of the disease.

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