Abstract 497: Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Pro-Inflammatory Adipokines, Chemerin and Resistin, and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Gasbarrino ◽  
Russell Yanofsky ◽  
Carina Sancho ◽  
Fanny Jaunet ◽  
Huaien Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Sex differences in plaque morphology and composition exist; men develop more unstable plaques than women. Yet, stroke kills more women than men. Despite these differences, no sex-specific guidelines for carotid disease management exist. Thus, markers that reflect sex-specific morphological features in the plaque should be explored for better prediction of stroke risk. Pro-inflammatory adipokines, chemerin and resistin, influence vascular function. Herein we are the first to investigate sex differences in the relationship between carotid plaque instability and the expression of these adipokines. Methods: Subjects with ≥50% carotid stenosis scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy were recruited from McGill-affiliated hospitals. Pre-operative plasma chemerin and resistin levels were measured using ELISA. Stability of carotid plaque specimens was assessed by two gold standard histological classifications. Stable and unstable plaques were immunostained for chemerin, chemerin’s receptor (ChemR23), and resistin. Digital and semi-quantifications assessed the % area of expression as well as staining intensity (mild to high) and % of positively stained macrophages/foam cells. Plaque mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative PCR. Sex-hormone analyses are ongoing. Results: Men (n=171) had more unstable plaque features, i.e., greater hemorrhage (P=0.022), lipid core size (P<0.001), inflammation (P=0.007), cap infiltration (P=0.006), and less fibrous tissue (P<0.001) than women (n=79). Circulating chemerin and resistin levels were similar between men and women and no sex differences were observed in relation to plaque instability. The % area of chemerin and resistin staining in the plaque was greater in unstable vs stable plaques in men only (P=0.040; P=0.005, respectively). Similarly, greater intensity in chemerin, ChemR23, and resistin staining was associated with plaque instability in men only (P<0.001; P=0.013; P=0.033, respectively). In contrast, lower resistin plaque mRNA expression was associated with plaque instability in women only (P=0.040). Conclusion: Our results suggest the possibility of a sex-dependent regulatory mechanism underlying the connection between these adipokines and plaque instability.

scholarly journals Expression of Resistin, Chemerin, and Chemerin’s Receptor in the Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Yanofsky ◽  
Carina Sancho ◽  
Karina Gasbarrino ◽  
Huaien Zheng ◽  
Robert J. Doonan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Purpose: Unstable carotid plaques are a common cause of ischemic strokes. Identifying markers that reflect/contribute to plaque instability has become a prominent focus in cardiovascular research. The adipokines, resistin and chemerin, and ChemR23 (chemerin receptor), may play a role in carotid atherosclerosis, making them potential candidates to assess plaque instability. However, the expression and interrelationship of resistin and chemerin (and ChemR23) protein and mRNA within the carotid atherosclerotic plaque remains elusive. Thus, we investigated herein, the association between plaque mRNA and protein expression of resistin and chemerin (and ChemR23) and carotid plaque instability in humans, and whether sex differences exist in the relationship between these adipokines and plaque instability. Methods: Human carotid plaques were processed for immunohistochemical/mRNA analysis of resistin, chemerin, and ChemR23. Plaque instability was assessed by gold-standard histological classifications. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to determine the intensity of adipokine expression on macrophages/foam cells, as well as the percentage of inflammatory cells stained positive. Plaque adipokine protein expression was also digitally quantified and mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: Resistin and chemerin mRNA expression was 80% and 32% lower, respectively, in unstable versus stable plaques ( P <0.05), while no difference in ChemR23 mRNA expression was observed. In contrast, greater resistin staining intensity and percentage of cells stained positive were detected in unstable versus stable plaques ( P <0.01). Similarly, chemerin and ChemR23 staining intensity and percentage of cells stained were positively associated with plaque instability ( P <0.05). No strong sex-specific relationship was observed between adipokines and plaque instability. Conclusions: This study examined the relationship between resistin, chemerin, and ChemR23, and carotid plaque instability, with a specific analysis at the plaque level. We reported a positive association between plaque instability and protein levels of resistin, chemerin, and ChemR23 but a negative association with resistin and chemerin mRNA expression. This suggests these adipokines exert proinflammatory roles in the process of carotid atherosclerosis and may be regulated via a negative feedback regulatory mechanism.

Impact of sex and age on carotid plaque instability in asymptomatic patients-results from the Munich Vascular Biobank

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Wendorff ◽  
Heiko Wendorff ◽  
Andreas Kuehnl ◽  
Pavlos Tsantilas ◽  
Michael Kallmayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asymptomatic Men

Abstract. Background: It is still a controversial issue whether carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for asymptomatic carotid stenosis is superior to best medical treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the impact of sex and age on carotid plaque instability in asymptomatic patients undergoing CEA. Patients and methods: Atherosclerotic plaques from 465 asymptomatic patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (2004 - 2013) at the Munich Vascular Biobank were analyzed. Ascertainment of lesion stability/instability was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples using hematoxylin-eosin and elastic van Gieson staining. Unstable plaques were considered lesions with a fibrous cap < 200 µm overlaying lipid-rich atheroma. Results: The average age of the patients was 69.3 ± 8.2 years. Independent of age, asymptomatic men had in total more frequently unstable plaques in contrast to women (41 % versus 52%, p = 0.042). No differences were found in plaque instability between age-related quartiles (< 65, 65- 69, 70 - 74, > 74 years) for female sex (p = 0.422). In men, a continuous increase in plaque instability with age was observed, without achieving statistical significance (p = 0.125). The greatest differences between male and female sex were found in the last quartile (> 74 years), without achieving statistical significance (p = 0.053). The chance of unstable carotid plaques in men was significantly higher than in women (OR = 1.562, p = 0.040). The probability of age-associated quartiles related to the first quartile demonstrated significant increase in plaque instability in the group of 65- to 69-year-old patients (OR 1.867, p = 0.024) and for patients older than 74 years (OR 1.740, p = 0.040). Conclusions: Asymptomatic men had in total more frequently unstable plaques in contrast to women. Thus, male sex seems to be an additional risk factor for ischemic stroke.

The relation of SYNTAX score with Carotid Plaque Morphology in Patients who Undergoing Coronary By-pass Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Hilmi Aksoy ◽  
Oğuzhan Birdal ◽  
Işıl Yurdaışık
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Syntax Score ◽  
Left Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Left Carotid Artery ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Although there are many studies assessing the relationship between carotid artery ultrasound findings and coronary artery disease, the relationship between carotid plaque types and the complexity of coronary lesions is not assessed. We aimed to examine the relationship between the SYNTAX score and carotid plaque morphology. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively screened patients who underwent carotid Ultrasound before the coronary artery bypass graft operation between 2015 and 2020. Syntax score was calculated by two independent interventional cardiologists with online SYNTAX score calculator (www.syntaxscore.com). The lesions of carotid arteries by ultrasound were classified as fibrous, calcific and mixed plaques. Results: A total of 407 patients were enrolled. Median age was 65 (58-71) years and 81.6% of patients were male. We used multinomial logistic regression to test the association between plaque types and syntax score. The syntax score was associated with calcified plaque both in right (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p=0.006) and left internal carotid artery (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06, p=0.004). However, the syntax score was not associated with fibrous (odds ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p=0.155 for right and odds ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.02, p=0.759 for left carotid artery) and mixed plaque types (odds ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.98-1.06, p=0.168 for right and odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.96-1.04, p=0.791 for left carotid artery). Conclusion: Syntax score may provide an idea for carotid plaque morphology prediction. Especially higher SYNTAX score may be a predictor of calcific carotid plaque.

scholarly journals Sex differences in workload-indexed blood pressure response and vascular function among professional athletes and their utility for clinical exercise testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Bauer ◽  
Lutz Kraushaar ◽  
Oliver Dörr ◽  
Holger Nef ◽  
Christian W. Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Sex differences in blood pressure (BP) regulation at rest have been attributed to differences in vascular function. Further, arterial stiffness predicts an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise (BPR) in healthy young adults. However, the relationship of vascular function to the workload-indexed BPR and potential sex differences in athletes are unknown. Methods We examined 47 male (21.6 ± 1.7 years) and 25 female (21.1 ± 2 years) athletes in this single-center pilot study. We assessed vascular function at rest, including systolic blood pressure (SBP). Further, we determined the SBP/W slope, the SBP/MET slope, and the SBP/W ratio at peak exercise during cycling ergometry. Results Male athletes had a lower central diastolic blood pressure (57 ± 9.5 vs. 67 ± 9.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) but a higher central pulse pressure (37 ± 6.5 vs. 29 ± 4.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), maximum SBP (202 ± 20 vs. 177 ± 15 mmHg, p < 0.001), and ΔSBP (78 ± 19 vs. 58 ± 14 mmHg, p < 0.001) than females. Total vascular resistance (1293 ± 318 vs. 1218 ± 341 dyn*s/cm5, p = 0.369), pulse wave velocity (6.2 ± 0.85 vs. 5.9 ± 0.58 m/s, p = 0.079), BP at rest (125 ± 10/76 ± 7 vs. 120 ± 11/73.5 ± 8 mmHg, p > 0.05), and the SBP/MET slope (5.7 ± 1.8 vs. 5.1 ± 1.6 mmHg/MET, p = 0.158) were not different. The SBP/W slope (0.34 ± 0.12 vs. 0.53 ± 0.19 mmHg/W) and the peak SBP/W ratio (0.61 ± 0.12 vs. 0.95 ± 0.17 mmHg/W) were markedly lower in males than in females (p < 0.001). Conclusion Male athletes displayed a lower SBP/W slope and peak SBP/W ratio than females, whereas the SBP/MET slope was not different between the sexes. Vascular functional parameters were not able to predict the workload-indexed BPR in males and females.

scholarly journals The Risk of Carotid Plaque Instability in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: It is Higher in Women with Hypertriglyceridemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Servadei ◽  
Lucia Anemona ◽  
Marina Cardellini ◽  
Manuel Scimeca ◽  
Manuela Montanaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
Plaque Destabilization

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome certainly favors growth of carotid plaque; however, it is uncertain if it determines plaque destabilization. Furthermore, it is likely that only some components of metabolic syndrome are associated with increased risk of plaque destabilization. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of different elements of metabolic syndrome, individually and in association, on carotid plaques destabilization. Methods: A total of 186 carotid endarterectomies from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were histologically analysed and correlated with major cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Metabolic syndrome, regardless of the cluster of its components, is not associated with a significant increase in risk of plaque destabilization, rather with the presence of stable plaques. The incidence of unstable plaques in patients with metabolic syndrome is quite low (43.9%), when compared with that seen in the presence of some risk factors, but significantly increases in the subgroup of female patients with hypertriglyceridemia, showing an odds ratio of 3.01 (CI 95% 0.25 - 36.30). Conclusions: Our data may help to identify patients with real increased risk of acute cerebrovascular diseases and may support the hypothesis that the control of hypertriglyceridemia should be a key point on prevention of carotid atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, especially in post-menopausal female patients. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, carotid, histology, hypertriglyceridemia , post-menopause.

The Relationship between Carotid Plaque Composition, Plaque Morphology, and Neurologic Symptoms

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Seeger ◽  
Evelyn Barratt ◽  
Gretchen A. Lawson ◽  
Nina Klingman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
Neurologic Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract 453: Chemerin and Resistin Expression in Carotid Plaque Instability

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert-James Doonan ◽  
Samantha Steinmetz-Wood ◽  
Karina Gasbarrino ◽  
Huaien Zheng ◽  
Chi Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Chemerin and resistin are pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. However, their association with carotid atherosclerosis has not been investigated. We sought to assess the relationship between a) circulating chemerin/resistin levels and cerebrovascular symptomatology, and b) chemerin/resistin plaque expression and carotid plaque instability. Methods: Patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy were recruited from the Royal Victoria and Jewish General hospitals, Montreal, Canada. Blood was drawn pre-operatively and plasma resistin and chemerin were measured using ELISA. Maximum stenosis sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostained with anti-CD3 and anti-CD68. Two vascular pathologists used semi-quantitative scales to classify plaque foam cells and inflammatory cells as well as overall plaque instability. RNA was isolated from the area of maximum stenosis, reverse transcribed, and qPCR was performed to measure chemerin and resistin expression. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate differences in resistin and chemerin between groups. Results: In this ongoing study we recruited 169 patients (66.1% men, 74.5% symptomatic) with a mean±SD age of 70.0±9.3 years. To date all 169 patients had blood samples drawn and 100 had plaque chemerin and resistin expression assessed. Symptomatic patients had higher plasma chemerin (230 (179.0-261.3) vs. 201.4 (175.8-228.1) ng/ml, P=0.08) and resistin levels (12.7 (10.2-17.7) vs. 10.8 (7.1-16.0) ng/ml, P=0.02) when compared with asymptomatic patients. Chemerin plaque expression was decreased in plaques with greater number of foam cells and inflammatory cells and in plaques with greater overall instability. Resistin plaque expression was also decreased in plaques with a greater number of foam cells and inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Circulating chemerin and resistin levels are increased in symptomatic patients. Intraplaque chemerin and resistin expression is inversely related to the number of plaque inflammatory cells and instability. Our ongoing work will determine the underlying mechanisms linking chemerin and resistin with atherosclerotic plaque instability.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

The Relationship Between Anthropometric Indexes of Adiposity and Vascular Function in the FATE Cohort

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billie-Jean Martin ◽  
Subodh Verma ◽  
Francois Charbonneau ◽  
Lawrence M. Title ◽  
Eva M. Lonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Anthropometric Indexes ◽  
The Relationship
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document