scholarly journals Mechanisms of Arterial Stiffening

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lacolley ◽  
Véronique Regnault ◽  
Stéphane Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Target Organs

Arterial stiffness is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications causing isolated systolic hypertension and increased pulse pressure in the microvasculature of target organs. Stiffening of the arterial wall is determined by common mechanisms including reduced elastin/collagen ratio, production of elastin cross-linking, reactive oxygen species–induced inflammation, calcification, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction. This brief review will discuss current biological mechanisms by which other cardiovascular risk factors (eg, aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease) cause arterial stiffness, with a particular focus on recent advances regarding nuclear mechanotransduction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, metabolism and dyslipidemia, genome mutations, and epigenetics. Targeting these different molecular pathways at different time of cardiovascular risk factor exposure may be a novel approach for discovering drugs to reduce arterial stiffening without affecting artery strength and normal remodeling.

scholarly journals Factors of cardiovascular risk and intervisit arterial pressure variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.I. Nimtsovych ◽  
O.Y. Mischeniuk ◽  
A.M. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Arterial Pressure Variability ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Relationship

The aim: To determine the relationship between modified, unmodified cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) and intervisit arterial pressure variability (IAPW) in men of working age with arterial hypertension (AH).Material and methods. We examined 160 men with uncomplicated AH, among them, 82 patients had high IAPW, and 78 patients – low IAPW. The average age in patients with high and low IAPW did not differ and was 50.65 ± 6.14 and 50.26 ± 6.27 years, respectively (p = 0.689). Indices of IAPW were calculated based on the standard deviation (SD) of measurements of office blood pressure during 4 visits to the clinic. The criterion for high IAPW was the value of systolic arterial pressor (AP) – 15 / 15 mm Hg (day / night), for diastolic AP – 14/12 mm Hg (day / night). The analysis was carried out using standard statistical methods for parametric and non-parametric parameters. Results. It has been established, that the frequency of both modified and unmodified risk factors is greater in patients with hypertension and high IAPW, than in patients with low IAPW. The presence of obesity (36 of 82 versus 7 of 78; р ≤ 0.0001), family anamnesis (71 of 82 versus 52 of 78; p = 0.004), smoking episodes (62 of 82 versus 12 of 78; р ≤ 0.0001) and alcohol use (24 of 82 versus 2 of 78; p ≤ 0.0001) is significantly more common in patients with high IAPW, than in patients with low level of IAPW. There was a direct correlation between the MBA value and the percentage of 10-year risk of cardiovascular death on the SCORE scale (r = 0.47; p ≤ 0.0001) іn patients with hypertension.Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis that, it is expedient to determine IAPW in patients with AH, as an independent prognostic risk factor for cardiovascular complications.  

Arterial Stiffness: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Kidney Disease Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Georgianos ◽  
Pantelis Sarafidis ◽  
Anastasios Lasaridis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor

scholarly journals New insights into arterial stiffening: does sex matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. H1073-H1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benard O. Ogola ◽  
Margaret A. Zimmerman ◽  
Gabrielle L. Clark ◽  
Caleb M. Abshire ◽  
Kaylee M. Gentry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Pulsatile Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Insight Into

This review discusses sexual dimorphism in arterial stiffening, disease pathology interactions, and the influence of sex on mechanisms and pathways. Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular mortality independent of blood pressure. Patients with increased arterial stiffness have a 48% higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Like other cardiovascular pathologies, arterial stiffness is sexually dimorphic. Young women have lower stiffness than aged-matched men, but this sex difference reverses during normal aging. Estrogen therapy does not attenuate progressive stiffening in postmenopausal women, indicating that currently prescribed drugs do not confer protection. Although remodeling of large arteries is a protective adaptation to higher wall stress, arterial stiffening increases afterload to the left ventricle and transmits higher pulsatile pressure to smaller arteries and target organs. Moreover, an increase in aortic stiffness may precede or exacerbate hypertension, particularly during aging. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which females are protected from arterial stiffness to provide insight into its mechanisms and, ultimately, therapeutic targets for treating this pathology.

Arterial Stiffness: A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor?

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna K. Arnett ◽  
Gregory W. Evans ◽  
Ward A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor

scholarly journals Low Levels of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Constitute an Independent Risk Factor for Arterial Stiffness in Korean Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunhee Han ◽  
Hyejin Chun ◽  
Moon-Jong Kim ◽  
Doo-Yeoun Cho ◽  
Soo-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and arterial stiffness in women is not conclusive. In addition, obesity might also be involved in the relationship between SHBG and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between SHBG and arterial stiffness in association with central obesity in women. This cross-sectional study included 381 women who participated in the health checkup programs in one hospital. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured as a marker for arterial stiffness. A negative correlation was observed between SHBG levels and baPWV (rho = −0.281). The relationship was significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (beta = −0.087 in fully adjusted model). After considering the interaction between central obesity and SHBG levels, the significant association was evident only in obese women (Pfor interaction = 0.025). Adjustment for a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores, instead of each cardiovascular risk factor individually, did not affect the significance of the relationship between SHBG levels and baPWV. Serum levels of SHBG were negatively associated with arterial stiffness independent of cardiovascular risk factors or 10-year ASCVD risk scores in Korean women. The relationship may be potentiated by central obesity.

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