scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Statins in COVID-19–Related Outcomes—Brief Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Young Lee ◽  
Juhee Ahn ◽  
Juhong Park ◽  
Chang Kyung Kang ◽  
Sung-Ho Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Matched Study ◽  
Related Mortality

Objective: Although statins are widely prescribed lipid-lowering drugs, there are concerns about the safety of their use in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), since statins increase the expression of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). This study aimed to disclose the association between statins and 60-day COVID-19 mortality. Approach and Results: All patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study from January 19 to April 16, 2020, in Korea. We evaluated the association between the use of statins and COVID-19–related mortality in the overall and the nested 1:2 propensity score–matched study. Furthermore, a comparison of the hazard ratio for death was performed between COVID-19 patients and a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized with pneumonia between January and June 2019 in Korea. The median age of the 10 448 COVID-19 patients was 45 years. Statins were prescribed in 533 (5.1%) patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, Cox regression showed a significant decrease in hazard ratio associated with the use of statins (hazard ratio, 0.637 [95% CI, 0.425–0.953]; P =0.0283). Moreover, on comparing the hazard ratio between COVID-19 patients and the retrospective cohort of hospitalized pneumonia patients, the use of statins showed similar benefits. Conclusions: The use of statins correlates significantly with lower mortality in patients with COVID-19, consistent with the findings in patients with pneumonia. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.

scholarly journals Differential effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
lianjiu su ◽  
jiahao zhang ◽  
nanhui jiang ◽  
jie yang ◽  
li he ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Abstract BackgroundThe effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) on the COVID-19 remains controversial from clinic evidence. MethodsThis is a retrospective, two-center case series of 198 consecutive COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension. ResultsAmong 198 patients, 58 (29.3%) and 16 (8.1%) were on were on ARB and ACEI, respectively. Patients who were on ARB or ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower rate of severe illness and ARDS when compared with patients treated with ACEI alone or not receiving and RAAS blocker (P＜0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with ARB in their antihypertensive regimen had a trend towards a higher survival rate when compared with individuals without ARB (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07-1.02; P = 0.054). The Cox-regression analysis to compared ACEI vs. ARB groups showed a significantly lower mortality rate in the ARB group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-0.58; P = 0.02). ConclusionsUsing of ARB was associated with a reduced rate of severe illness and ARDS, indicating their potential protective impact in COVID-19.

Thermodynamics of the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 and the receptor of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Effects of possible ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Iriepa ◽  
Cecilia Hognon ◽  
Antonio Francés-Monerris ◽  
Isabel Iriepa ◽  
Tom Miclot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Rational Molecular Design ◽  
Rational Evaluation

<div><p>Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 180,000 deaths all over the world, still lacking a medical treatment despite the concerns of the whole scientific community. Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently recognized as the transmembrane protein serving as SARS-CoV-2 entry point into cells, thus constituting the first biomolecular event leading to COVID-19 disease. Here, by means of a state-of-the-art computational approach, we propose a rational evaluation of the molecular mechanisms behind the formation of the complex and of the effects of possible ligands. Moreover, binding free energy between ACE2 and the active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is evaluated quantitatively, assessing the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the recognition and the ligand-induced decreased affinity. These results boost the knowledge on the molecular grounds of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to suggest rationales useful for the subsequent rational molecular design to treat severe COVID-19 cases.</p></div>

scholarly journals Local Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Expression in Kidney Allografts Is Not Affected by Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Monika Cahova ◽  
Martin Kveton ◽  
Vojtech Petr ◽  
David Funda ◽  
Helena Dankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Receptor Blockers

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Preclinical studies suggested that pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) by ACE inhibitors (ACEis) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase local angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (<i>ACE2</i>) expression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, we evaluated the effect of ACEi or ARB treatment on expression of <i>ACE2</i>, <i>ACE</i>, and <i>AGTR1</i> in 3-month protocol kidney allograft biopsies of stable patients using RT-qPCR (<i>n</i> = 48). Protein ACE2 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry from paraffin sections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The therapy with RAAS blockers was not associated with increased <i>ACE2, ACE</i>, or <i>ATGR1</i> expression in kidney allografts and also ACE2 protein immunohistochemistry did not reveal differences among groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> ACEis or ARBs in kidney transplant recipients do not affect local ACE2 expression. This observation supports long-term RAAS treatment in kidney transplant recipients, despite acute complications such as COVID-19 where ACE2 serves as the entry protein for infection.

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