Abstract MP006: Plasma and Erythrocyte Biomarkers of Dairy Fat Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanti S Malik ◽  
Hongyu Wu ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Introduction: Intake of dairy products have been postulated to be associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) because of their high saturated fat content, however studies examining this relation have yielded inconsistent results. Given the widespread consumption of dairy products, further evaluation of this controversial topic using biological markers of dairy fat intake is warranted. Objective: To evaluate plasma and erythrocyte odd chain fatty acids and certain trans isomers as biomarkers of dairy fat intake and assess their relation to risk of CHD in US men. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested within the Health Professionals Follow-up study among 18,140 men who provided blood samples between 1993 and 1994. From baseline to 2008, four hundred and fifty-nine cases of CHD were ascertained and matched with 879 controls for age, smoking, fasting status and date of blood draw. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for CHD. Results: Among controls, we identified certain fatty acids that were significantly correlated with dairy fat intake: the correlation coefficients between average dairy fat intake in 1986–1994 and 15:0, 17:0, 19:0, 23:0 and trans 16:1n−7 were 0.27, 0.24, 0.10, 0.22 and 0.31 respectively for plasma and 0.25, 0.21, 0.05, 0.21 and 0.30 respectively for erythrocytes. In multivariate analyses controlling for matching factors and other diet and lifestyle risk factors, men with higher plasma concentrations of 15:0 had a significantly greater risk of CHD (RR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.43, p trend: 0.02, comparing extreme tertiles of plasma 15:0). Associations with other biomarkers were not significant in multivariate analyses and associations were generally weaker in erythrocytes. Conclusions: These data confirm that certain odd chain fatty acids and trans 16:1n−7 may be used as biomarkers of dairy fat intake and suggest that a high intake of dairy fat is associated with an elevated risk of CHD.

scholarly journals Associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating odd-chain fatty acids in post-myocardial infarction patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalita Pertiwi ◽  
Leanne K. Küpers ◽  
Anne J. Wanders ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Peter L. Zock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Circulating odd-chain fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are considered to reflect dairy intake. In cohort studies, higher circulating 15:0 and 17:0 were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. A recent randomized controlled trial in humans suggested that fiber intake also increased circulating 15:0 and 17:0, potentially resulting from fermentation by gut microbes. We examined the associations of dairy and fiber intake with circulating 15:0 and 17:0 in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We performed cross-sectional analyses in a subsample of 869 Dutch post-MI patients of the Alpha Omega Cohort who had data on dietary intake and circulating fatty acids. Dietary intakes (g/d) were assessed using a 203-item food frequency questionnaire. Circulating 15:0 and 17:0 (as % of total fatty acids) were measured in plasma phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters (CE). Spearman correlations (rs) were computed between intakes of total dairy, dairy fat, fiber, and circulating 15:0 and 17:0. Results Patients were on average 69 years old, 78% was male and 21% had diabetes. Total dairy intake comprised predominantly milk and yogurt (69%). Dairy fat was mainly derived from cheese (47%) and milk (15%), and fiber was mainly from grains (43%). Circulating 15:0 in PL was significantly correlated with total dairy and dairy fat intake (both rs = 0.19, p < 0.001), but not with dietary fiber intake (rs = 0.05, p = 0.11). Circulating 17:0 in PL was correlated both with dairy intake (rs = 0.14 for total dairy and 0.11 for dairy fat, p < 0.001), and fiber intake (rs = 0.19, p < 0.001). Results in CE were roughly similar, except for a weaker correlation of CE 17:0 with fiber (rs = 0.11, p = 0.001). Circulating 15:0 was highest in those with high dairy intake irrespective of fiber intake, while circulating 17:0 was highest in those with high dairy and fiber intake. Conclusions In our cohort of post-MI patients, circulating 15:0 was associated with dairy intake but not fiber intake, whereas circulating 17:0 was associated with both dairy and fiber intake. These data suggest that cardiometabolic health benefits previously attributed to 17:0 as a biomarker of dairy intake may partly be explained by fiber intake.

scholarly journals Coconuts and Health: Different Chain Lengths of Saturated Fats Require Different Consideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Susan Hewlings
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Saturated Fat Intake ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The diet heart hypothesis has driven nutrition recommendations and policy for decades. Recent studies have questioned the hypothesis and sparked great controversy over the assumed connection between saturated fat intake and heart disease. Recent evidence suggests that dietary patterns should be the focus of dietary recommendations, not any one food or nutrient. Furthermore, to classify foods as simply saturated fat, polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats is to ignore the many other potential nutrients and health benefits. Coconut is classified as a saturated fat and therefore listed as a food to limit to reduce heart disease risk. However, different saturated fats, medium-chain or long-chain, act differently metabolically and thus have different health effects. The medium-chain fatty acids predominate in coconut are absorbed differently and have been associated with several health benefits, including improvements in cognitive function and a more favorable lipid profile compared to longer chain fatty acids. Coconuts provide a healthful source of saturated fats and should not be considered the same as foods with longer chain saturated fats. Future recommendations should take this research into consideration. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the research regarding the connection between saturated fat intake, specifically coconut consumption, and health, while focusing on dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviors.

scholarly journals The Sum of Plasma Fatty Acids iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-CLA, and cis6-18:1 as Biomarker of Dairy Intake Established in an Intervention Study and Validated in the EPIC Cohort of Gipuzkoa

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia ◽  
Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa ◽  
Mertxe de Renobales ◽  
Gustavo Amores ◽  
Luis Javier R. Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

The questioned reliability of 15:0, 17:0, and trans9-16:1 acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake also questions the relationship between the intake of these products and their health effects. Two studies were conducted in the same geographical region. In an intervention study, volunteers followed a diet rich in dairy products followed by a diet without dairy products. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids (FA) were analyzed, and their correlations with dairy product intakes were tested. The FA biomarkers selected were validated in the Gipuzkoa cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) observational study. The correlation coefficients between plasma concentrations of iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-18:2, and cis6-18:1 and the dairy fat ingested are similar in both studies, indicating that their concentration increases by 0.8 µmol/L per gram of dairy fat ingested. The biomarkers are positively related to plasma triglycerides (r = 0.324 and 0.204 in the intervention and observational studies, respectively) and total cholesterol (r = 0.459 and 0.382), but no correlation was found between the biomarkers and atherogenicity indexes. In conclusion, the sum of the plasma concentration of the selected FAs can be used as biomarkers of dairy product consumption. A linear relationship exists between their plasma concentrations and ruminant product intake. These biomarkers allow for obtaining consistent relationships between dairy intake and plasma biochemical parameters.

Cloning of the Nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate)

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hall ◽  
Jennifer Baldwin ◽  
Ho Gun Rhie ◽  
Douglas Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Nocardia Corallina ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaCNc) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaCNc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaCPaI and phaCPaII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaCNc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Xiu Zhang ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

scholarly journals Significance of Trans Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Japanese Men with Coronary Heart Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Koba ◽  
Tetsuya Takao ◽  
Fumiko Shimizu ◽  
Mutsumi Ogawa ◽  
Yuuya Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Japanese Men
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document