Abstract P209: Which Comes First, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) or Hypertension?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin W Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity ◽  
Entry Period ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Total Body

Objectives: It is well demonstrated that there is a higher prevalence of hypertension (HT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) than non-DM individuals as well as higher prevalence of DM in HT than normotensives (NT). However, it has not been clarified which of DM or HT leads to other, and what mechanisms may play a major role. Methods: In the present study, we compared neurohormonal parameters in the following 4 groups in weight loss (WL) program with a mild calorie restriction and exercise over 12 weeks; 53 obese NT without DM, 44 NT with T2DM, 68 HT without DM, and 43 HT with T2DM. HT and T2DM were all diagnosed in the last 3 months and none had medications. At entry period, the 4 groups were strictly matched in BMI and in BP. They were measured BMI, total body fat-mass, waist/hip ratio (W/H), BP, PR, HbA 1c , fasting glucose, insulin (HOMA-IR), norepinephrine (NE) and leptin (LEP) at entry, 4 and 12 weeks. Results: At entry, fat-mass was greater in subjects with T2DM than non-DM in both NT and HT and HT had slightly greater fat-mass than NT, although BMI were strictly matched in the 4 study groups. HbA 1c in T2DM was greater than non-DM, and slightly greater in HT than NT. Fasting insulin was greater in HT and T2DM than NT or non-DM, and HOMA-IR was slightly greater in HT than NT and significantly greater in T2DM than non-DM. LEP was similar between NT and HT, but it was greater in T2DM than non-DM. (HbA 1c , HT with T2DM>NT with T2DM>>HT without DM>NT without DM; Insulin, HT with T2DM>NT with T2DM>>HT without DM>NT without DM; NE, HT with T2DM>>HT without DM≥NT with T2DM>>NT without DM; LEP, HT with T2DM≈NT with T2DM>>HT without DM>NT without DM). WL over 12 wks in HT and T2DM were smaller than those in NT or non-DM. At 12 weeks, in HT groups regardless of T2DM, percent (%) decreases in plasma NE and BP, and reductions in HbA 1c were smaller than those in NT groups, although reductions in fat-mass and leptin were similar. In T2DM groups regardless of BP levels at entry, reductions in BMI, BP, HbA 1c , HOMA-IR and NE were smaller than those in non-DM group. In the 4 groups, reductions in plasma NE was observed at first followed by reductions in HOMA-IR, HbA 1c, BMI and BP over 12 weeks. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that insulin resistance (IR) may play an important role on the onset of T2DM and high plasma NE appears to cause HT. HT had resistance to normalized high plasma NE and %reductions in NE, and T2DM had resistance to normalize IR and sympathetic overactivity. We previously reported that high plasma NE could predict future weight gain and BP elevation, and high NE preceded IR in non-obese subjects. Taken together, sympathetic overactivity observed in high NE may cause obesity and HT, and then IR seems to start with weight gain leading T2DM, suggesting that HT may lead to T2DM with this mechanisms.

DIABETES OR OBESITY; MAJOR EFFECTOR OF ALTERED LEVELS OF GHRELIN AND LEPTIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Lakshmi G.L ◽  
Shruti Dasgupta ◽  
Mohammed Salman ◽  
Sanjay K. R
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background: Ghrelin and leptin are the key hormones involved in the energy homeostasis and plays a relevant role in regulating hunger and satiety stimuli afferent to the brain. Abnormalities in the levels of ghrelin and leptin are often associated with the obesity and type 2 diabetes complications. However, there are no studies clarifying whether ghrelin and leptin levels have stronger association with obesity or Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Aims:To evaluate and compare the independent effect of major dening factors of obesity and diabetes on ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Materials And Methods: Anthropometric measures such as height, weight, waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC), Body mass index (BMI), Basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat percentage, lean body mass, were taken. Assessed daily physical activity and energy intake. Biochemical parameters such as fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HBA1c, ghrelin, leptin and insulin levels were measured. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square (χ2) test Pearson's correlation coefcients, Multiple stepwise linear regression model analysis were performed. Result: The diabetic subjects irrespective of obesity showed signicantly higher waist to hip ratio, HOMAIR levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose and signicantly lower levels of Ghrelin than non-diabetics. Similarly, obese subjects irrespective of diabetes have signicantly higher BMR and higher levels of Leptin than non-diabetics. Asignicantly higher BMI, fat mass percentage and lower lean body mass percentage were observed in obese subjects irrespective of diabetes than non-obese subjects. Among non-obese, diabetics have higher BMI, Fat mass percentage and lower lean body mass percentage. The levels of insulin were signicantly higher in diabetic obese subjects. HOMAIR (P≤0.0001) and Postprandial glucose (P≤0.05) showed negative independent effect and QUICKI (P≤0.0001) showed positive independent effect on the levels of ghrelin. BMI (P≤0.05) showed a positive effect and lean body mass percentage (P≤0.0001) showed an inverse effect on levels of leptin. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that low levels of ghrelin are predominantly associated with diabetes parameters when compared to parameters of obesity and on the contrary increased leptin levels have much stronger association with measures of obesity than diabetes. Evidence of altered leptin and ghrelin levels in these disorders infers vice versa, their respective roles in obesity and lean diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Exenatide on both fat mass loss and cardiometabolic risk in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Colica ◽  
Sara Parrettini ◽  
Giuseppe Merra ◽  
Lorenzo Romano ◽  
Laura Di Renzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

scholarly journals Body composition indices and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. CV biomarkers are not related to body composition

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Markova ◽  
Mihail Boyanov ◽  
Deniz Bakalov ◽  
Adelina Tsakova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to explore the correlations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body composition with levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin 1(ET-1), N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP) and calculated cardiovascular risks.Methods102 women and 67 men with type 2 diabetes participated. Serum levels of NT-proBNP were measured by electro-hemi-luminescence while ELISA were used for ADMA and ET-1. Cardiovascular risks were calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), the UKPDS 2.0 and the ADVANCE risk engines. Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM SPSS 19.0.ResultsThe BMI outperformed all other indices of obesity (WC, WHtR, WHR), as well as body composition parameters (body fat%, fat mass, fat free mass and total body water) in relation to the estimated risks for coronary heart disease and stroke, based on different calculators. The correlations of the obesity indices with the serum cardiovascular biomarkers were not significant except for BMI and fat mass versus ET-1, and for fat free mass and total body water versus ADMA.ConclusionsThe WC, WHR, WHtR, BF%, FM and FFM apparently do not add significant information related to the levels of cardiovascular biomarkers or the calculated CV-risks.

Abstract #724: Bariatric Surgery Restores Both Cardiac and Sudomotor Autonomic C-Fiber Dysfunction Towards Normal in Obese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Carolina Casellini ◽  
Joshua Edwards ◽  
Henri Parson ◽  
Kim Hodges ◽  
David Lieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Obese Subjects

Serum Ferritin Status of Patients with Type 2 DM Attending OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Khadiza Begum ◽  
Fahmida Islam ◽  
Farjana Aktar ◽  
Murshida Aziz ◽  
Tohfa E Ayub Tahiya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Normal Healthy Individual ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: In recent times much is talked about of serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant a marker of iron stores in the body and its association with diabetes mellitus. Studies implicate that increased body iron stores and subclinical hemochromatosis has been associated with the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes and its micro as well as macrovascular complications. Material & Methods: This study was carried out to examine and to observe for any relationship between serum ferritin with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study populations were included 163. Among them 81 type 2 diabetes patients as a case (M=49,F=32, mean 44.68 age in years)and 82 normal healthy individual as a control ( M=35, F=47 , mean 34.71 in years). Results: Majority were healthy outpatients who had come for regular checkup and were matched with controls. Serum ferritin and FBS were estimated and other investigations. Results showed that although Serum ferritin was in the normal range value it was increased in type 2 diabetes patients than in controls and was statistically significant, we did get a positive correlation with duration of diabetes. It can be concluded that there were positive associations between serum ferritin and FBG, age, sex among study groups. Conclusion: In conclusion our study shows that there is significant correlation between increased serum ferritin in diabetes compared to individuals with normal blood sugars in this part and hyper ferritinemia may be one of the causes for development of insulin resistance before overt diabetes. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 7-10

1019-P: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Predominantly Reduce Body Fat Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1019-P
Author(s):  
YUKI FUJITA ◽  
SODAI KUBOTA ◽  
HITOSHI KUWATA ◽  
DAISUKE YABE ◽  
YOSHIYUKI HAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

GDF-15 and neutrophils in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Garganeeva ◽  
EA Kuzheleva ◽  
VA Fedyunina ◽  
VA Aleksandrenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
National Budget

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This study was funded by (subject of fundamental scientific research on a state assignment № АААА-А17-117052310073-6 от 23.05.2017 Introduction. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker associated with inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) which expresses in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions. The relationship between the level of GDF-15 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has also been proven. It is necessary to study GDF-15 in patients with CHF and T2DM. Aim To investigate the association between serum GDF-15 levels in patients with CHF of ischemic etiology and the concentration of the main leukocyte fractions depending on presence or absence of T2DM. Material and methods. The study included 42 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients with CHF and T2DM (n = 14). The second group  consisted of patients with CHF without T2DM (n = 28). Determination of GDF-15 concentration was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioVendor, Czech Republic). The absolute concentration of lymphocytes, neutrophils, as well as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in the blood were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica software (v.10.0). The data were described as a median and interquartile range, the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare them. The correlation analysis was tested using the Spearman"s correlation coefficient. Results and discussion. The average level of the GDF-15 in the study groups was comparable: 2389 (2104; 3375) pg/ml and 2309 (2047; 3014) pg/ml in the first and second groups, respectively (p = 0.6). In the general cohort of CHF patients, the GDF-15 concentration was not correlate with the lymphocytes concentration (r = -0.001, p = 0.95), neutrophils (r = -0.14, p = 0.4) and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (r = -0.12, p = 0.25). At the same time, in the group of patients with T2DM, a significant negative correlation was revealed between the concentration of GDF-15 in the serum and the concentration of neutrophils (r = -0.6, p = 0.022). While both other analyzed parameters did not demonstrate significant correlations with GDF-15 (p > 0.05). In the group of CHF patients without T2DM, no correlations were found between GDF-15 and the studied parameters, including neutrophils (r = 0.02, p = 0.3). Along with this the median of the neutrophils concentration did not vary among groups (3.5 (2.3; 5.3) vs 3.2 (2.7; 4.1) * 109 / l; p = 0.8). Conclusion The concentration of the inflammatory marker GDF-15 in the blood of patients with CHF in combination with T2DM correlates with the concentration of neutrophils. In the absence of T2DM, no significant correlations were found between GDF-15 and the main leukocyte fractions. The results obtained indicate the possible prospect of using the GDF-15 biomarker in a cohort of patients with CHF in combination with T2DM.

scholarly journals Increased stress, weight gain and less exercise in relation to glycemic control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002035
Author(s):  
Merel M Ruissen ◽  
Hannah Regeer ◽  
Cyril P Landstra ◽  
Marielle Schroijen ◽  
Ingrid Jazet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionLockdown measures have a profound effect on many aspects of daily life relevant for diabetes self-management. We assessed whether lockdown measures, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, differentially affect perceived stress, body weight, exercise and related this to glycemic control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe performed a short-term observational cohort study at the Leiden University Medical Center. People with type 1 and type 2 diabetes ≥18 years were eligible to participate. Participants filled out online questionnaires, sent in blood for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis and shared data of their flash or continuous glucose sensors. HbA1c during the lockdown was compared with the last known HbA1c before the lockdown.ResultsIn total, 435 people were included (type 1 diabetes n=280, type 2 diabetes n=155). An increase in perceived stress and anxiety, weight gain and less exercise was observed in both groups. There was improvement in glycemic control in the group with the highest HbA1c tertile (type 1 diabetes: −0.39% (−4.3 mmol/mol) (p<0.0001 and type 2 diabetes: −0.62% (−6.8 mmol/mol) (p=0.0036). Perceived stress was associated with difficulty with glycemic control (p<0.0001).ConclusionsAn increase in perceived stress and anxiety, weight gain and less exercise but no deterioration of glycemic control occurs in both people with relatively well-controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes during short-term lockdown measures. As perceived stress showed to be associated with glycemic control, this provides opportunities for healthcare professionals to put more emphasis on psychological aspects during diabetes care consultations.

scholarly journals Free Sugars Consumption in Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Huma Rana ◽  
Marie-Claude Mallet ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Marie-France Verreault ◽  
Sylvie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baked Products

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document