Abstract P363: Evaluation of Health and Economic Impact of the Current Policy to Eliminate Industrial Trans Fats from Processed Foods in Argentina by 2014

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo L Rubinstein ◽  
Natalia Elorriaga ◽  
Ulises Garay ◽  
Rosana Poggio ◽  
Joaquín Caporale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sex Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Pleiotrophic Effects ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
Intervention Costs ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) increase CHD risk, but use remains high in developing nations. From 2004-2014, Argentina initiated policies to reduce industrial TFA: voluntary agreements with industry in 2004, mandatory labeling in 2006, and elimination by Food Code by 2014. We aimed to evaluate the policy’s impact on CHD, DALYs and costs. Methods: A review of diet trials, local studies, and consultations with experts was performed to estimate baseline TFA intake in 2004 and types of replacements used by industry from 2004-2014. We built an epidemiological simulation model calculating 3 scenarios to estimate effects of isocaloric replacement of TFA with alternative fats/oils, based on (1) changes in the total:HDL-C ratio (Δ TC/HDL) and (2) changes in other risk biomarkers, and the predicted effects of these biomarker changes on CHD; and (3) observed associations of TFA which CHD events in prospective studies, which may better account for pleiotrophic effects. We used Framingham risk equations to estimate first CHD events with vs. without the policy according to individual age-sex-risk factor distributions (including ΔTC/HDL), utilizing an Argentine population-based sample of 4,000 adults weighted to the full population. Results: After 2014, this policy would prevent each year from 1.3% (based on Δ TC/HDL only; to 7.4% (based on pleiotrophic effects) of all CHD events in Argentina (Table). Accounting for intervention costs and averted events, the policy is actually cost-saving. Conclusions: This is the first model evaluating the impact of an actual policy for eliminating TFA in a developing country. Given the 165,000 annual CHD events in Argentina, at an annual incidence rate of almost 1% in adults, near elimination of industrial TFA might avert under the most conservative assumptions, 1.3% of CHD and saved $36 million. In other low-resource settings, where TFA intake is higher, these effects could be larger. Our findings inform policy makers in Argentina and other developing countries on the huge impact of this policy

Analisis Polisi Luput Pelan Takaful Keluarga

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Rubayah Yaakob ◽  
Mohd Hafizuddin Syah Baangan Abdullah ◽  
Norasykeen Mohd Baharom
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the determinants of policy lapse of family’s takaful in Malaysia by examining the demographic characteristics of policyholders and the family takaful policy itself. The policy could lapse due to several reasons such as failing to make payment within the prescribed period, converting to a better policy, financial pressure and voluntary surrender. The policy lapse has a huge impact on stakeholders such as takaful operators, customers and policy makers. The impact of policy lapse includes losses to firms, adverse selection, liquidity and contribution increament. The results of the logistic regression analysis show that the sum insured, payment methods and gender have a negative impact on policy lapse. Wheares age, marital status and the insured individual have no effect on policy lapse. The findings assist stakeholders such as takaful operators and regulators to develop appropriate strategies to achieve their goals and support the development of the takaful industry in Malaysia.

P1741Hitting the wall in converting diagnosed ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients to treating them: a humbling analysis from LATIN telemedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mehta ◽  
R Botelho ◽  
S Niklitschek ◽  
F Fernandez ◽  
J Cade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Door To Balloon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The behemoth telemedicine program, Latin America Telemedicine Infarct Network (LATIN) has exponentially grown in 4 countries in Central and South America. It has provided AMI coverage to >100 million patients and it has contributed to transforming AMI care in the continent by its “halo” effect. We continue our meticulous search in evaluating the impact of LATIN and in doing so, we have confronted a sobering reality. Purpose To make continued improvements in population-based AMI management, the continued success of the initiative requires participation from healthcare policy makers, health economists, and payers. Methods LATIN was created as a hub and spoke model to hugely increase access (>100 million population coverage) to quality AMI treatment primarily with short door to balloon time (D2B) PCI. Innovative telemedicine platforms were created and networked at all 350 centers that were located in small clinics and primary health centers in poor sections of the countries (spokes) and at 24/7 PCI capable institutions (hubs). Remote cardiologists, located in 3 central locations, provided immediate EKG diagnosis (time to telemedicine diagnosis, TTD <3.5 minutes) and they provided expert guidance for the entire STEMI process, Door in Door Out (DIDO), and transport times (TT). LATIN performance metrics, under its strict control, and including process metrics at the hubs, spokes, and at the command telemedicine sites, were measured and plotted. The macroeconomic variables of insurance approvals, ambulance structure, and availability of ICU beds were determined and incorporated into performance variables of the LATIN program. Results 784,395 patients were screened at 350 LATIN centers (Brazil 143, Colombia 118, Mexico 82, Argentina 7). With expanded reach, 8,440 (1.08%) patients were diagnosed and 3,924 (46.5%) urgently reperfused, including 3,048 (77.7%) with PCI. Time to Telemedicine Diagnosis (TTD) was 3 min, tele-accuracy 98.9%, D2B 51 min, and in-hospital mortality 5.2%. Over 4 years of operation, the proportion of reperfused STEMI patients has ranged between 41–48% - the major reasons for non-treatment were insurance, lack of ICU beds and delayed presentation. Conclusions Sustained improvements, as a result of stringent QA processes and continuous education, have resulted in reduced D2B, TTD, DIDO, TT, and in overall mortality. However, LATIN remains constrained with a large proportion of patients that are diagnosed but not treated, largely because of payer denials. Although this metric is showing improvement from broad dissemination of LATIN benefits, further gains from LATIN will result mainly from improved reimbursements.

scholarly journals Beyond the peak: A deterministic compartment model for exploring the Covid-19 evolution in Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Romano ◽  
Annalisa Fierro ◽  
Antonella Liccardo
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Model ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fast Descent

Novel Covid-19 has had a huge impact on the world’s population since December 2019. The very rapid spreading of the virus worldwide, with its heavy toll of death and overload of the healthcare systems, induced the scientific community to focus on understanding, monitoring and foreseeing the epidemic evolution, weighing up the impact of different containment measures. An immense literature was produced in few months. Many papers were focused on predicting the peak features through a variety of different models. In the present paper, combining the surveillance data-set with data on mobility and testing, we develop a deterministic compartment model aimed at performing a retrospective analysis to understand the main modifications occurred to the characteristic parameters that regulate the epidemic spreading. We find that, besides self-protective behaviors, a reduction of susceptibility should have occurred in order to explain the fast descent of the epidemic after the peak. A sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number, in response to variations of the epidemiological parameters that can be influenced by policy-makers, shows the primary importance of a rigid isolation procedure for the diagnosed cases, combined with an intensive effort in performing extended testing campaigns. Future scenarios depend on the ability to protect the population from the injection of new cases from abroad, and to pursue in applying rigid self-protective measures.

Abstract 3262: Impact of the MESA Arterial Age Calculator Incorporating Coronary Calcium on CHD Risk Estimation

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamalah Munir ◽  
Jody Bindeman ◽  
Kelly Bauer ◽  
Carole Byrd ◽  
Holly Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Coronary Calcium ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chd Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: The MESA study recently published a web-based calculator for the computation of arterial age incorporating Framingham risk factors and coronary calcium to integrate the incremental predictive value of coronary calcium within the Framingham risk score, a reference-standard clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) risk calculator. We examined the impact of arterial age on the distribution of CHD risk estimation. Methods: We applied CHD risk factor data from the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium Project, a screening cohort of 2000 men and women between the ages of 40 and 50, to the MESA Arterial Age calculator (available at www.mesa-nhlbi.org). Subjects were studied with measured CHD risk factors and electron beam CT for the identification of coronary artery calcium. Framingham risk scores (FRS), using the 10 year CHD risk model with and without arterial age, were calculated using the MESA arterial age calculator. An estimate CHD risk between 6 and 20% was categorized as intermediate risk, and compared for the calculations using chronological age, and arterial age. Results: Demographics of the cohort included mean age 42.9 ± 2.7 yrs, male gender 82%, hypertension 8.0%, systolic blood pressure 123 ± 13 mm Hg, current smoking 7.7%, total cholesterol 203 ± 36 mg/dL, and HDL-C 53 ± 14 mg/dL. Mean FRS was 4.5 ± 3.6%. Coronary calcium was present in 394 subjects (19.7%). Application of the arterial age calculator increased mean age from 42.9 ± 2.7 to 43.6 ± 10.4 years (P < .001), and the mean FRS increased from 4.5 ± 3.6 to 7.3 ± 8.1% (P < .001). Reclassification was seen primarily among male subjects, in whom the mean age (chronological vs. arterial age) increased from 42.9 ± 2.7 to 44.2 ± 11.0 (P < .001) and the prevalence of intermediate CHD risk increased from 26.2% (429 of 1639) to 37.4% (613/1639; P < .001). Among women, mean age (chronological vs. arterial age) was reduced by calcium scoring (42.7 ± 2.6 vs. 40.7 ± 6.3%; P < .001) and a shift to intermediate risk was seen in only 0.6% of subjects (from 10 to 18 out of 349). Conclusions: Among healthy middle-aged individuals, the MESA arterial age calculator modestly shifts predicted CHD risk estimation, and reclassifies 1 in 9 men from low to intermediate risk. Arterial age was lower than chronological age in women.

Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

2005 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
E. Serova ◽  
O. Shick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

Managing Service Quality, Food Quality, Price Fairness and Customer Retention: A Holistic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ammar Ahmed ◽  
Rafat Naseer ◽  
Muhammad Asadullah ◽  
Hadia Khan
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Price Fairness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Propositions ◽  
The Impact

In this competitive environment, organizations strive to satisfy their customer by providing best quality service at affordable and fair prices with a view to enhance their revenues. To achieve the objective of revenue maximization, organizations strive to identify the factors that help them in retaining their customers. Drawing from the signalling theory of marketing, the current study proposes a novel conceptual model representing the impact of service quality with food quality and price fairness on customer retention in restaurant sector of Pakistan. The paper underlines an important arena of knowledge for academicians as well as organizational scientists on the subject. On the basis of literature available on the variables understudy, the present study forwards eight research propositions worthy of urgent scholarly attention. The conceptualized model of the present article can also be viewed significant in unleashing further avenues for the restaurant management entities, policy makers and future researchers in the domain of managing in the service sector businesses.

Materialism and Green Purchase Intention: A Study of Urban Vietnamese Consumers

2017 ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet ◽  
Hung Nguyen Vu ◽  
Linh Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Minh Nguyen Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norm ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tpb Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on examining the impact of three components of materialism on green purchase intention for urban consumers in Vietnam, an emerging economy. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is applied as the conceptual framework for this study. The hypotheses are empirically tested using survey data obtained from consumers in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. The regression results show support for most of our hypotheses. The findings indicate that two out of three facets of materialism are significant predictors of green purchase intention. Specifically, success is found to be negatively related to purchase intention, while happiness is related positively to the intention. All three antecedents in the TPB model, including attitude towards green purchase, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control are also found to have positive impacts on purchase intention. The research findings are discussed and implications for managers and policy makers are provided.

The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs Through Microfinance - A Case of Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Saida Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Women’s empowerment has been at the centre of research focus for many decades. Extant literature examined the process, outcome and various challenges. Some claimed substantial success, while others contradicted with evidence of failure. But the success remains a matter of debate due to lack of empirical evidence of actual empowerment of women around the world. The current study aimed to address this gap by taking a case study method. The study critically evaluates 20 cases carefully sampled to include representatives from the entire country of Bangladesh. The study demonstrates popular beliefs about microfinance often misguide even the borrowers and they start living in a fabricated feeling of empowerment, facing real challenges to achieve true empowerment in their lives. The impact of this finding is twofold; firstly there is a theoretical contribution, where the definition of women’s empowerment is proposed to be revisited considering findings from these cases. And lastly, the policy makers at governmental and non-governmental organisations, and multinational donor agencies need to revise their assessment tools for funding.

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