Abstract 16530: Post-exercise Flow-mediated Dilation is augmented in Highly Trained Female Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela K Andaku ◽  
Bruno Archiza ◽  
Flavia C Caruso ◽  
Katiany T Zangrando ◽  
Humberto Lanzotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Arterial Function ◽  
Training History

Background: Recent evidence has indicated a ceiling to the benefits of exercise training that, if chronically surpassed, may have a negative effect on cardiac function. Conversely, improvements in peripheral arterial function may respond positively to chronic high volume training. Recent studies have shown that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is decreased immediately after maximal exercise in sedentary subjects and is unaltered in subjects who participate in moderate volume exercise. We investigated the acute effects of maximal exercise on vascular function of elite female athletes with a high-volume training history. Methods: Fifteen elite female soccer players (mean age: 22.1 ± 4.4 years; BMI: 20.76 ± 1.75 kg/m2), with a high volume/intensity training history (4-6 hours per day) were evaluated. Subjects underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) on a treadmill (VO2max 41.1 ± 3.9 mLO2•kg-1•min-1). Brachial artery FMD was determined using high-resolution ultrasound before and immediately after CPX. Flow velocity were measured at baseline (BSL) and during reactive hyperemia (RH) both prior to and following exercise. Results: Brachial artery diameter increased during RH before (3.42 ± 0.38mm vs. 3.03 ± 0.28mm, p<0.001) and after CPX (3.61 ± 0.44mm vs. 3.10 ± 0.37mm, p<0.001). Importantly, FMD was increased following CPX compared to BSL (16.86 ± 9.04% vs. 12.95 ± 7.03%, p=0.027). There was significant increase in peak flow velocity during RH before (135.28 ± 42.19cm/s vs. 79.19 ± 28.14cm/s, p=0.001) and after CPX (139.15 ± 41.07cm/s vs. 87.64 ± 21.23cm/s, p<0.001) (Table). Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that arterial function is improved following acute aerobic exercise in elite female athletes with a chronic high volume training history. These findings deviate from the emerging literature suggesting chronic high volume training may be detrimental to cardiovascular function in the long term.

Combined aerobic and resistance training and vascular function: effect of aerobic exercise before and after resistance training

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Okamoto ◽  
Mitsuhiko Masuhara ◽  
Komei Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Before And After

Aerobic exercise training combined with resistance training (RT) might prevent the deterioration of vascular function. However, how aerobic exercise performed before or after a bout of RT affects vascular function is unknown. The present study investigates the effect of aerobic exercise before and after RT on vascular function. Thirty-three young, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to groups that ran before RT (BRT: 4 male, 7 female), ran after RT (ART: 4 male, 7 female), or remained sedentary (SED: 3 male, 8 female). The BRT and ART groups performed RT at 80% of one repetition maximum and ran at 60% of the targeted heart rate twice each week for 8 wk. Both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after combined training in the BRT group did not change from baseline. In contrast, baPWV after combined training in the ART group reduced from baseline (from 1,025 ± 43 to 910 ± 33 cm/s, P < 0.01). Moreover, brachial artery FMD after combined training in the ART group increased from baseline (from 7.3 ± 0.8 to 9.6 ± 0.8%, P < 0.01). Brachial artery diameter, mean blood velocity, and blood flow in the BRT and ART groups after combined training increased from baseline ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). These values returned to the baseline during the detraining period. These values did not change in the SED group. These results suggest that although vascular function is not improved by aerobic exercise before RT, performing aerobic exercise thereafter can prevent the deteriorating of vascular function.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akimi Uehata ◽  
Eric H Lieberman ◽  
Marie D Gerhard ◽  
Todd J Anderson ◽  
Peter Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Cuff Occlusion

Coronary atherosclerosis is characterized by an early loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, the methods of assessing coronary endothelial function are invasive and difficult to repeat over time. Recently, a noninvasive ultrasound method has been widely used to measure flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery as a surrogate test for endothelial function. We seek to further validate this method of measuring vascular function. The brachial artery diameters and blood flow of 20 normal volunteers (10 males and 10 females) were measured using high resolution (7.5 MHz) ultrasound and strain gauge plethysmography. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia after 5 minutes of cuff occlusion in the upper arm. The brachial artery diameter increased maximally by 9.7 ± 4.3% from baseline at 1 min after cuff release and blood flow increased by 1002 ± 376%. Five min of cuff occlusion was sufficient to achieve 97 ± 6% of maximal brachial artery dilation and degree of dilation was not different whether the cuff was inflated proximally or distally to the image site. The intraobserver variability in measuring brachial diameters was 2.9 % and the variability of the hyperemic response was 1.4%. In young, healthy men and women, the baseline brachial artery diameter was the only factor that was predictive of the flow-mediated vasodilation response. The brachial noninvasive technique has been further validated by the determination of flow-mediated dilation. This method of assessing endothelial function may help to determine the importance of vasodilator dysfunction as a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis.

Low flow-mediated constriction occurs in the radial but not the brachial artery in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Weissgerber ◽  
Gregory A. L. Davies ◽  
Michael E. Tschakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Radial artery diameter decreases when a wrist cuff is inflated to stop blood flow to distal tissue. This phenomenon, referred to as low flow-mediated vasoconstriction (L-FMC), was proposed as a vascular function test. Recommendations that L-FMC be measured concurrently with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were based on radial artery data. However, cardiovascular disease prediction studies traditionally measure brachial artery FMD. Therefore, studies should determine whether L-FMC occurs in the brachial artery. The hypothesis that reduced shear causes L-FMC has not been tested. Brachial and radial artery L-FMC and FMD were assessed in active nonpregnant ( n = 17), inactive nonpregnant ( n = 10), active pregnant ( n = 15, 34.1 ± 1.2 wk gestation), and inactive pregnant ( n = 8, 34.2 ± 2.2 wk gestation) women. Radial artery diameter decreased significantly during occlusion in all groups (nonpregnant, −4.4 ± 4.2%; pregnant, −6.4 ± 3.2%). Brachial artery diameter did not change in active and inactive nonpregnant, and inactive pregnant women; however, the small decrease in active pregnant women was significant. Occlusion decreased shear rate in both arteries, yet L-FMC only occurred in the radial artery. Radial artery L-FMC was not correlated with the reduction in shear rate. L-FMC occurs in the radial but not the brachial artery and is not related to changes in shear rate. Positive correlations between L-FMC (negative values) and FMD (positive values) suggest that radial artery FMD may be reduced among women who experience greater L-FMC. Studies should clarify the underlying stimulus and mechanisms regulating L-FMC, and test the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is manifested as enhanced brachial artery L-FMC, but attenuated radial artery L-FMC.

scholarly journals The impact of baseline diameter on flow-mediated dilation differs in young and older humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. H1594-H1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Marieke M. van Bemmel ◽  
Lauren M. Bullens ◽  
Ellen A. Dawson ◽  
Nicola D. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cuff Inflation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baseline Diameter

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) has become a commonly applied approach for the assessment of vascular function and health, but methods used to calculate FMD differ between studies. For example, the baseline diameter used as a benchmark is sometimes assessed before cuff inflation, whereas others use the diameter during cuff inflation. Therefore, we compared the brachial artery diameter before and during cuff inflation and calculated the resulting FMD in healthy children ( n = 45; 10 ± 1 yr), adults ( n = 31; 28 ± 6 yr), and older subjects ( n = 22; 58 ± 5 yr). Brachial artery FMD was examined after 5 min of distal ischemia. Diameter was determined from either 30 s before cuff inflation or from the last 30 s during cuff inflation. Edge detection and wall tracking of high resolution B-mode arterial ultrasound images was used to calculate conduit artery diameter. Brachial artery diameter during cuff inflation was significantly larger than before inflation in children ( P = 0.02) and adults ( P < 0.001) but not in older subjects ( P = 0.59). Accordingly, FMD values significantly differed in children (11.2 ± 5.1% vs. 9.4 ± 5.2%; P = 0.02) and adults (7.3 ± 3.2% vs. 4.6 ± 3.3%; P < 0.001) but not in older subjects (6.3 ± 3.4% vs. 6.0 ± 4.2%; P = 0.77). When the diameter before cuff inflation was used, an age-dependent decline was evident in FMD, whereas FMD calculated using the diameter during inflation was associated with higher FMD values in older than younger adults. In summary, the inflation of the cuff significantly increases brachial artery diameter, which results in a lower FMD response. This effect was found to be age dependent, which emphasizes the importance of using appropriate methodology to calculate the FMD.

scholarly journals Impact of reduced daily physical activity on conduit artery flow-mediated dilation and circulating endothelial microparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leryn J. Boyle ◽  
Daniel P. Credeur ◽  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Heather J. Leidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Endothelial Microparticles ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Reduced Activity

Physical inactivity promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, few data exist examining the vascular consequences of short-term reductions in daily physical activity. Thus we tested the hypothesis that popliteal and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) would be reduced and concentrations of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) would be elevated following reduced daily physical activity. To examine this, popliteal and brachial artery FMD and plasma levels of EMPs suggestive of apoptotic and activated endothelial cells (CD31+/CD42b− and CD62E+ EMPs, respectively) were measured at baseline and during days 1, 3, and 5 of reduced daily physical activity in 11 recreationally active men (25 ± 2 yr). Subjects were instructed to reduce daily physical activity by taking <5,000 steps/day and refraining from planned exercise. Popliteal artery FMD decreased with reduced activity (baseline: 4.7 ± 0.98%, reduced activity day 5: 1.72 ± 0.68%, P < 0.05), whereas brachial artery FMD was unchanged. In contrast, baseline (pre-FMD) popliteal artery diameter did not change, whereas brachial artery diameter decreased (baseline: 4.35 ± 0.12, reduced activity day 5: 4.12 ± 0.11 P < 0.05) following 5 days of reduced daily physical activity. CD31+/CD42b− EMPs were significantly elevated with reduced activity (baseline: 17.6 ± 9.4, reduced activity day 5: 104.1 ± 43.1 per μl plasma, P < 0.05), whereas CD62E+ EMPs were unaltered. Collectively, our results provide evidence for the early and robust deleterious impact of reduced daily activity on vascular function and highlight the vulnerability of the vasculature to a sedentary lifestyle.

Effect of acute sympathetic nervous system activation on flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. H1446-H1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Dyson ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Peak Shear Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
General Response

We tested the hypothesis that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery would be impaired by acute increases in sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) in models where similar peak shear stress stimulus was achieved by varying the duration of forearm muscle ischemia. Eleven healthy young men were studied under four different conditions, each with its own control: lower body suction (LBS), cold pressor test (CPT), mental arithmetic task (MAT), and activation of muscle chemoreflex (MCR). The duration of ischemia before observation of FMD by ultrasound imaging was 5 min each for control, LBS, and CPT; 3 min for MAT; and 2-min for MCR. Peak shear rate was not different between control and any of the SNA conditions, although total shear in the first minute was reduced in MAT. MCR was the only condition in which brachial artery vasoconstriction was observed before forearm occlusion [4.38 (SD 0.53) vs. control 4.60 (SD 0.53) mm, P < 0.05]; however, diameter increased to the same absolute value as that of the control, so the percent FMD was greater for MCR [9.85 (SD 2.33) vs. control 5.29 (SD 1.50)%]. Blunting of the FMD response occurred only in the CPT model [1.51 (SD 1.20)%]. During SNA, the increase in plasma cortisol from baseline was significant only for MCR; the increase in plasma norepinephrine was significant for MCR, LBS, and CPT; and the increase in epinephrine was significant only for MCR. These results showed that the four models employed to achieve increases in SNA had different effects on baseline brachial artery diameter and that blunted FMD is not a general response to increased SNA.

Are the dynamic response characteristics of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation sensitive to the magnitude of increase in shear stimulus?

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Pyke ◽  
J. A. Hartnett ◽  
M. E. Tschakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Stimulus Magnitude ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Response Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamic characteristics of brachial artery dilation in response to step increases in shear stress [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)]. Brachial artery diameter (BAD) and mean blood velocity (MBV) (Doppler ultrasound) were obtained in 15 healthy subjects. Step increases in MBV at two shear stimulus magnitudes were investigated: large (L; maximal MBV attainable), and small (S; MBV at 50% of the large step). Increase in shear rate (estimate of shear stress: MBV/BAD) was 76.8 ± 15.6 s−1 for L and 41.4 ± 8.7 s−1 for S. The peak %FMD was 14.5 ± 3.8% for L and 5.7 ± 2.1% for S ( P < 0.001). Both the L (all subjects) and the S step trials (12 of 15 subjects) elicited a biphasic diameter response with a fast initial phase (phase I) followed by a slower final phase. Relative contribution of phase I to total FMD when two phases occurred was not sensitive to shear rate magnitude ( r2 = 0.003, slope P = 0.775). Parameters quantifying the dynamics of the FMD response [time delay (TD), time constant (τ)] were also not sensitive to shear rate magnitude for both phases (phase I: TD r2 = 0.03, slope P = 0.376, τ r2 = 0.04, slope P = 0.261; final phase: TD r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.169, τ r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.996). These data support the existence of two distinct mechanisms, or sets of mechanisms, in the human conduit artery FMD response that are proportionally sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude and whose dynamic response is not sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude.

Abstract 12000: Altered Vascular Elasticity Reflected Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Elevated Galectin-3 Using Novel Brachial Artery Vascular Volume Elastic Modulus With Automated Oscillometric Approach

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Yoshinaga ◽  
Yuuki Tomiyama ◽  
Satoshi Fujii ◽  
Saori Nishio ◽  
Noriki Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Vascular Stiffness ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Vascular Elasticity

Introduction: Simple vascular function measurements are desirable for atherosclerosis risk assessments. Recently, we developed a novel modality of automated oscillometric method to measure a brachial artery’s vascular elastic modulus (V E ) and reported that V E is uninfluenced by blood pressure. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expressed in endothelial cells regulates vascular fibrosis and is a molecular determinant of vascular stiffness. Hypothesis: We aimed to clarify whether V E selectively correlates with marker of vascular stiffness in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: 12 moderate-to-severe CKD pts (mean eGFR 25.9±23.5 mL/min/1.73m 2 ) and 15 controls were studied. Rest V E in brachial artery was measured by new automated oscillometric detector. V E was defined as follows [VE =ΔPressure/ (100XΔarea/Area) mmHg/%]. Using ultrasound, the brachial artery diameter at rest and during reactive hyperemia [flow mediated dilatation (FMD) with endothelial-dependent dilatation] was measured. Gal-3 and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a representative inflammatory marker, were measured by enzyme-linked immune assay. Results: CKD had lower FMD (4.86±3.37 vs 9.05±2.98 %, P=0.003) and had attenuated V E than control (1.08±0.26 vs 0.83±0.17 mmHg/%, P=0.002). CKD had higher IL-6 (0.67±0.29 vs 0.29±0.33 pg/mL, P=0.003) and higher Gal-3 (20.0±12.4 vs. 5.84±2.83 pg/mL, P<0.001). V E was negatively correlated with %FMD (r=-0.46, P=0.015) and correlated with Gal-3 (r=0.40, P=0.036) but not in IL-6 (r=0.21, P=0.28). Conclusions: Attenuated vascular elasticity detected by this novel approach closely correlated with increase in Gal-3 and reduced FMD in CKD. This may indicate that the attenuated vascular elasticity selectively reflects vascular fibrosis as evidenced by Gal-3 and subsequent endothelial responses to vascular stiffness. Thus, this oscillometric measurement may be useful for detecting vascular fibrosis information and dysfunction in endothelium level.

scholarly journals Study of endothelial function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Poonam Goel ◽  
Anita Malhotra ◽  
Reeti Mehra ◽  
Navjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to assess vascular function in normal pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes and to study its temporal relationship with gestational age at 24-28-week POG and at 36-38-week POG and changes in FMD in postpartum period.Methods: Assessment of vascular function was done at 24-28-week POG, 36-38-week POG and at 6-12-week postpartum by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery in 37 healthy pregnant women and 37 pregnant women with GDM.Results: In GDM group mean FMD at 24-28 weeks of POG, at 36-38 weeks POG was lower as compared to the control group (11.225±6.20,8.464±6.09 versus 14.49±5.21, 10.898±4.12) although the difference in mean FMD in two groups was not statistically significant. It was found that the decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28 weeks POG was statistically significant in both the groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study revealed that when endothelial function as assessed by FMD was compared at different period of gestation, the mean decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28-week POG and 6-week post-partum was statistically significant in patients with GDM and as well as the control group, however this trend of change was same in both the groups and was not statistically significant when compared between the two group (GDM versus control). A negative correlation of FMD was found with BMI, and HBA1c, that was stronger in GDM group.

Effects of polycythemia on systemic endothelial function in chronic hypoxic lung disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Boyer ◽  
Vicky Chaar ◽  
Gabriel Pelle ◽  
Bernard Maitre ◽  
Christos Chouaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
No Release

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Polycythemia, a common complication of hypoxic COPD, may affect systemic vascular function by altering blood viscosity, vessel wall shear stress (WSS), and endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. Here, we evaluated the effects of hypoxia-related polycythemia on systemic endothelial function in patients with COPD. We investigated blood viscosity, WSS, and endothelial function in 15 polycythemic and 13 normocythemic patients with COPD of equal severity, by recording brachial artery diameter variations in response to hyperemia and by using venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) to measure forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to a brachial artery infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), substance P (SP), isoptin, and N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). At baseline, polycythemic patients had higher blood viscosity and larger brachial artery diameter than normocythemic patients but similar calculated WSS. Flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation was increased in the polycythemic patients, in proportion to the hemoglobin levels. ACh-induced vasodilation was markedly impaired in the polycythemic patients and negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels. FBF responses to endothelium- (BK, SP) and non-endothelium-dependent (SNP, isoptin) vasodilators were not significantly different between the two groups. l-NMMA infusion induced a similar vasoconstrictor response in both groups, in accordance with their similar baseline WSS. In conclusion, systemic arteries in polycythemic patients adjust appropriately to chronic or acute WSS elevations by appropriate basal and stimulated NO release. Overall, our results suggest that moderate polycythemia has no adverse effect on vascular function in COPD.

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