Abstract 37: The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna M Ross ◽  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Steven N Blair ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Purpose: To examine the cross-sectional association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in middle-aged adults. Methods: The association between CRF and ideal CVH score was examined in 11,590 adults (8,865 men, 2,725 women) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. CRF was measured as duration in minutes from a maximal treadmill test. The AHA’s ideal CVH score was calculated on a 14 point scale using data on smoking status, BMI, physical activity (MET-min/wk), healthy diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose recorded between 1987 and 1999. Participants were grouped into categories of inadequate (0-4), average (5-9), and optimum (10-14) based on their CVH score. Three CRF groups were created from age- and sex-specific quintiles based on the previously established cutpoints of treadmill time: low, moderate, and high CRF. We used general linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and year of examination to evaluate the association of CRF with ideal CVH score. Results: The mean CVH score for men was 8.4 ± 2.2 and 9.7 ± 2.0 for women. Approximately 33% of men and 57% of women had optimum CVH, while only a small proportion of participants had inadequate CVH (5.1% M, 1.4% F). Treadmill time was moderately correlated (p<0.0001) with CVH score in both men (r=0.56) and women (r=0.50). CRF explained 16% and sex 18% of the variance in CVH score (both p<0.0001). Our adjusted model found that participants in the optimum CVH category had 20% and 43% higher CRF levels than those in the average and inadequate CVH groups (p<0.0001), respectively ( Figure 1 ). The adjusted odds (95% CI) of having optimum CVH were 14.0 (11.0-17.8) and 3.1 (2.4-4.0) times greater for high CRF and moderate CRF, respectively, compared to low CRF (p<0.0001). Discussion: Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with better cardiovascular health profiles in both men and women. Thus, improving fitness represents a strategy to improve cardiovascular and public health.

The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 968-975
Author(s):  
Leanna M. Ross ◽  
Jacob L. Barber ◽  
Alexander C. McLain ◽  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Background: This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH). Methods: CRF and the 7 CVH components were measured in 11,590 (8865 males; 2725 females) adults at baseline and in 2532 (2160 males; 372 females) adults with at least one follow-up examination from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Ideal CVH score was calculated as a composite of 7 measures, each scored 0 to 2. CVH groups were based on participant point score: ≤7 (poor), 8 to 11 (intermediate), and 12 to 14 (ideal). Analyses included general linear, logistic regression, and linear mixed models. Results: At baseline, participants in the high CRF category had 21% and 45% higher mean CVH scores than those in the moderate and poor CRF categories (P < .001). The adjusted odds (95% confidence interval) of being in the poor CVH group at baseline were 4.9 (4.4–5.4) and 16.9 (14.3–19.9) times greater for individuals with moderate and low CRF, respectively, compared with those with high CRF (P < .001). Longitudinal analysis found that for every 1-minute increase in treadmill time, CVH score increased by 0.23 units (P < .001) independent of age, sex, exam number, and exam year. Conclusions: Higher CRF is associated with better CVH profiles, and improving CRF over time is independently associated with greater improvements in CVH.

Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Shanell Folger ◽  
Adam F Benson ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

Abstract P216: Prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven Cardiovascular Health Metrics in the Million Veteran Program

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-Mai T Nguyen ◽  
Rachel M Quaden ◽  
Rebecca J Song ◽  
Yuk-Lam Ho ◽  
Kelly Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Us Veterans

Background: While previous studies have reported the prevalence of Life’s Simple Seven (LSS) in the general population, no data exist in a national sample of US veterans. Objective: To assess the prevalence of ideal LSS in a cross-sectional study of 500,000 US Veterans participating in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) from 2011-2016. Methods: We assigned one of three possible values (0=poor, 1=intermediate, 2=ideal) for each of the seven LSS metrics (adiposity /BMI), smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma glucose, diet, physical activity) at baseline using self-reported data and electronic health records. A total score of 0 across all seven metrics indicated overall poor cardiovascular health and a score of 14 indicated ideal cardiovascular health. Results: Complete data on all LSS factors were available for 171,146 Veterans (92% men and mean age 65.5yrs ±11.5 SD). Average LSS score was 6.1 ±1.9. Ideal BMI, smoking status, total cholesterol, blood pressure and plasma glucose (fasting and non-fasting) was present in 23.8%, 30%, 22.2%, 22.5% and 42.9%, respectively, in the study population (Fig). Prevalence of ideal diet was 0.4%. Among dietary factors, recommendation for fruits and vegetables (at least 4.5cups/day) was the least likely to be achieved. Physical activity at the workplace, home or at leisure was reported among 25.6% of Veterans (21.8% intermediate and 3.8% ideal physical activity). Conclusions: Our data show a low prevalence of ideal LSS among Veterans in the MVP, especially diet (0.4%) and physical activity (3.8%). Compared to NHANES 2005-2006 unadjusted prevalence estimates for AHA 2020 goals, Veterans in MVP have a lower prevalence of all ideal LSS metrics except for diet: BMI (23.8 vs 33%), physical activity (3.8 vs 45%), smoking status (30 vs 73%), total cholesterol (22.2 vs 45%) blood pressure (22.5 vs 42%) and glucose (42.9 vs 58%). These findings underscore the need to improve adherence to modifiable lifestyle factors with subsequent reduction in CVD burden among Veterans.

Abstract P236: Association Between Alcohol and Ideal Cardiovascular Health: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluseye Ogunmoroti ◽  
Olatokunbo Osibogun ◽  
Robyn L McClelland ◽  
Erin D Michos ◽  
Gregory L Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Intake ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Intake

Introduction: Alcohol intake is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), with moderate drinkers having a decreased CVD risk compared to non- and heavy drinkers. However, this association is yet to be examined using the AHA Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics as a proxy for cardiovascular health (CVH). We explored associations between alcohol intake and CVH in a multi-ethnic population. Methods: Our cross-sectional analyses included 6,506 MESA participants, free of CVD, aged 45 to 84 years. The LS7 metrics (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose) were each scored 0-2, with 2 indicating “ideal”, 1 “intermediate” and 0 “poor”. Total LS7 score ranged from 0-14. Alcohol data was obtained from personal history and food frequency questionnaires. Participants were classified as never, former or current drinkers. Current drinkers were categorized as <1 (light), 1-2 (moderate) and >2 (heavy) drinks/day. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed associations between alcohol intake and CVH, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. Results: Mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women; 20% were never, 24% former and 56% current drinkers. Among current drinkers, 44% had <1, 9% 1-2 and 3% >2 drinks/day. Additionally, 47% had inadequate LS7 scores, 33% average and 20% optimal. Compared to never drinkers, those who drank <1 drink/day were more likely to have average and optimal scores, although most of the associations were not significant. Women with 1-2 drinks/day were more likely than men to have optimal scores. Overall and in men, those who drank >2 drinks/day were less likely to have average or optimal scores. Whites and Hispanics with >2 drinks/day were less likely to have optimal and average scores, respectively (Table). Conclusion: Light alcohol intake tended to show favorable CVH, whereas heavy alcohol intake was unfavorable. For moderate alcohol intake, the associations with CVH varied by sex and race/ethnicity.

scholarly journals Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Circulating Proteins in 50-Year-Old Swedish Men and Women: a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Enarsson ◽  
Tobias Feldreich ◽  
Liisa Byberg ◽  
Christoph Nowak ◽  
Lars Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Background and Aims A strong cardiorespiratory fitness is suggested to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk; the exact mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of fitness remain uncertain. Our aim was to investigate associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple plasma proteins, in order to obtain insights about physiological pathways associated with the effects of exercise on cardiovascular health. Methods In the Prospective investigation of Obesity, Energy and Metabolism (POEM) study (n=444 adults aged 50 years, 50% women), cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal exercise test on bicycle ergometer with gas exchange (VO2peak) normalized for body lean mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). We measured 82 cardiovascular proteins associated with cardiovascular pathology and inflammation in plasma samples with a proximity extension assay. Results In sex-adjusted linear regression, VO2peak was associated with 18 proteins after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p<0.0006). Following additional adjustment for fat mass (DXA), fasting glucose (mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L), smoking status, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure (mmHg), education level, and lpnr (lab sequence number), higher VO2peak was significantly associated with lower levels of 6 proteins: fatty-acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, cystatin-B (CSTB), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), and higher levels of 3 proteins: galanin, kallikrein-6 (KLK6), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), at nominal p-values (p<0.05). Conclusions We identified multiple novel associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma proteins involved in several atherosclerotic processes and key cellular mechanisms such as inflammation, energy homeostasis, and protease activity, which shed new light on how exercise asserts its beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Our findings encourage additional studies in order to understand the underlying causal mechanisms for these associations.

Abstract P114: Association of Subjective Social Status With Cardiovascular Health in Hispanics/Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissette Piedra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Latino Adults

Introduction: Evidence suggests that subjective social status (SSS)—perceived status in the social hierarchy—may be more strongly associated with health than objective markers of social status (OSS), income and education. Compared to persons with high SSS, those with low SSS report poorer self-rated physical health and have higher rates of medical comorbidities. Little is known about the relationship between SSS and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) profiles defined by the American Heart Association (AHA), particularly among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults. Hypothesis: Higher SSS will be associated with more favorable CVH profiles. Methods: We analyzed baseline HCHS/SOL data † on adults ages 18-74 in 2008-11 (N=15,440). SSS was assessed using the McArthur Scale, a 10-rung “social ladder” to specify social rank (scores range from 1-10; higher scores indicate higher SSS). CVH was defined based on levels of 7 metrics: diet, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and smoking status; levels of each metric were categorized as ideal, intermediate and poor using AHA criteria. A composite CVH score was calculated by summing across metrics (scores range from 0-14; higher scores indicate better CVH). Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine cross-sectional associations of SSS with CVH (overall and single metrics), after adjusting for OSS, demographics, Hispanic/Latino group, study center, marital status, insurance, prevalent coronary heart disease, and depressive symptoms (CESD). Results: In multivariate-adjusted models, each one unit increase in SSS* was associated with a higher overall CVH score (β = 0.03, 95% CI 0.004, 0.057, p <0.05); higher SSS was also positively associated with ideal levels of BMI, physical activity, and fasting blood glucose levels (see Table 1). Conclusions: These findings suggest an association between SSS and CVH among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults. Future studies will explore the mechanisms through which SSS may influence CVH.

Abstract P123: Percentage of Deaths Attributable to Poor Cardiovascular Health Behaviors: Findings from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Enrique G Artero ◽  
Steven N Blair
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Introduction: Although cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor diet each have been linked to the risk of premature death, little is known about their relative individual and combined impact, adapted from the American Heart Association (AHA)’s new cardiovascular health construct, on mortality outcomes. We hypothesized that the individual and the combined health behaviors were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The purpose of the study is to estimate the mortality effects of the 4 AHA defined cardiovascular health behaviors by examining the associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of individual and combination factors. Methods: The study included 11240 (24% women) participants from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Slightly modified AHA cardiovascular health behaviors (smoking, BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness and diet) were collected between 1987 and 1999 as part of the clinical examination. We used cardiorespiratory fitness as an objective marker of recent physical activity habits. Individuals with a history of a cardiovascular disease, or cancer were excluded. The cohort was followed to December 2003 or death. PAFs were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, family history of CVD, and the four health behaviors. Results: Two hundred and sixty-eight deaths were documented during an average 12 years of follow-up. Low fitness had the highest PAFs at the 5 th , 10 th , and 15 th year of follow-up, respectively: 6.6% (95% CI: 1.6% - 11.4%), 6.4% (95% CI: 1.5% - 11.0%), and 5.5% (95% CI: 1.3% - 9.6%). Current smokers had the second highest PAFs at the 5 th , 10 th , and 15 th year of follow-up, respectively: 5.4% (95% CI: 0.1% - 10.3%), 5.2% (95% CI: 0.1% - 9.9%), and 5.0% (95% CI: 0.2% - 9.5%). Additional adjustment for other confounders in the model did not change the above associations. The PAFs for overweight or obese and unhealthy diet were not significant in the current study. Conclusion: Assuming a causal relationship between smoking, low fitness and mortality, avoidance of these two cardiovascular health risk factors would have prevented 13% of the deaths in the ACLS population. Targeted interventions to increase fitness as well as stopping smoking would most likely promote longevity.

scholarly journals Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Mortality: Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique G. Artero ◽  
Vanesa España-Romero ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health And Mortality ◽  
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
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