Abstract MP048: Ectopic Muscle and Liver Adiposity are Independently Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in African Ancestry Men

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Allison Kuipers ◽  
J Jeffrey Carr ◽  
James Terry ◽  
Sangeeta Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Muscle Adiposity ◽  
Total Body

Although obesity is a major driver of type 2 diabetes (T2D), many obese individuals do not develop T2D. Indeed, fat around and within non-adipose tissue organs (i.e., ectopic fat) is emerging as a strong risk factor for diabetes. The potential differential contribution of ectopic fat depots throughout the body on T2D risk is unclear because studies have mainly focused on visceral and/or liver fat. No study, to our knowledge, has addressed the potential independent association of visceral, liver, and skeletal muscle adiposity with T2D. Such studies are particularly needed among African ancestry populations, as generalized obesity and other risk factors do not appear to explain the high T2D burden in this population segment. To address this knowledge gap, we measured total body fat by DXA, and visceral, liver, and calf skeletal muscle adiposity by computed tomography in 490 Afro-Caribbean men, aged 50-91 years (mean age=64 years, mean BMI=27.5 kg/m 2 ). The prevalence of T2D in this population was 22.3%. We employed multiple logistic regression using total body fat percent and ectopic fat depots as predictors (Table). We found that each 7.9 HU decrease in liver attenuation (indicative of greater liver adiposity) was associated with a 33% increased odds of T2D (p=0.011). Similarly, each 4.2 mg/cm 3 decrease in muscle attenuation (indicative of greater intra-muscular adiposity) was associated with a 31% increased odds of T2D (p=0.04). These associations were independent of total and visceral adiposity. Our results support the “ectopic fat syndrome” theory, as opposed to the “portal theory”, in the pathogenesis of diabetes among African ancestry men. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the exact role of specific ectopic fat depots in T2D, particularly in high-risk African ancestry populations.

Abstract P363: Ectopic Adiposity is Associated With Abdominal Aorto-Illiac but Not Coronary Artery Calcification Independent of Total Body Adiposity in African Ancestry Men

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L Kuipers ◽  
Joseph M Zmuda ◽  
J Jeffrey Carr ◽  
James G Terry ◽  
Sangeeta Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Objective: While ectopic adiposity is considered a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, the extent to which this association is independent of total adiposity is yet to be established. Vascular calcification, which is associated with greater adiposity, is a subclinical marker of cardiovascular disease that may have varying etiology and clinical implications in different vascular beds. Therefore, our objective was to assess the potential independent associations of total, regional and ectopic adiposity measures with abdominal aorto-iliac calcification (AAC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods: Detailed health history, clinical exam, dual x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 798 African ancestry men aged ≥40 years (mean(SD): 62.0(8.6)years) recruited without regard to health status from the Tobago Heart Health Study. Vascular calcification was measured by CT in the abdomen (AAC) and chest (CAC). Calcification was scored using the Agatston method and a score ≥10 was considered to be a prevalent calcification. Severity of calcification was modeled using continuous Agatston score in those with any calcification. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the cross-sectional association of adiposity measures with vascular calcification prevalence and severity. All models were adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol intake and sedentary lifestyle. In addition, models of ectopic adiposity (abdominal visceral adipose tissue, liver attenuation and calf skeletal muscle fat) were adjusted for total body fat. Results: AAC was present in 63% and CAC was present in 29% of men. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, 1SD greater total, trunk, or abdominal subcutaneous adiposity was associated with 1.3-1.5-fold increased odds of AAC (all p<0.05). After additional adjustment for total body fat, 1SD lower liver attenuation (indicative of greater liver adiposity) or 1SD greater skeletal muscle fat were each associated with a 1.2-1.3-fold increased odds of AAC. In fully adjusted models, only greater BMI or waist circumference was associated with increased odds of CAC (OR 1.2, p<0.05 for both). In fully adjusted linear models of calcification severity, no significant association was observed between any adiposity measure and AAC or CAC. Conclusions: Independent of total adiposity, measures of ectopic adiposity were associated with greater AAC, but not CAC, prevalence in African ancestry men. These results highlight potential differences in the adiposity-vascular disease relationship that may vary by ectopic fat depot and vascular bed location. Future vascular disease research should explore potential underlying biologic mechanisms for these findings.

scholarly journals Thr394Thr polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene is associated with Type 2 diabetes and total body fat in Asian Indians

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Vimaleswaran ◽  
V Radha ◽  
M Anjana ◽  
R Deepa ◽  
S Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Associations of BMI, waist circumference, body fat, and skeletal muscle with type 2 diabetes in adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Han ◽  
Y. Y. Al-Gindan ◽  
L. Govan ◽  
C. R. Hankey ◽  
M. E. J. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat

scholarly journals MON-382 Bone Quality and Strength in Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Are Impaired and Negatively Influenced by Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Vigevano ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Georgia Colleluori ◽  
Vimlin Auetumrongsawat ◽  
Giulia Gregori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Free Estradiol

Abstract Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with normal to above average bone mineral density (BMD) but increased risk of fragility fractures. The impact of T2DM on bone mechanical and microarchitectural features in the obese population is unknown. We hypothesize that obese diabetics have lower bone quality compared to obese nondiabetic individuals. In this study, we investigated the microarchitectural features and mechanical properties of bone of obese men with and without T2DM along with the independent predictors of bone strength. Methods: Ninety-seven obese men (BMI &gt;30) aged 35-65 years-old of which 38 had T2DM were included in the analysis. BMD and body composition were evaluated by DXA and bone microarchitecture of the tibia by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone strength was assessed by micro finite element analysis-derived parameters as failure load (f. load) and stiffness. Serum testosterone and estradiol were measured by LC-MS. Serum SHBG, osteocalcin (OCN), C-telopeptide (CTx) and sclerostin (SCL) were measured by ELISA. Results: OCN is lower in obese men with T2DM compared to those without T2DM (4.8 ± 2.8 vs 6.2 ± 2.6 ng/mL p=0.03, respectively), with also a trend for reduced CTx and SCL in the former. BMD at all sites was reduced in obese men with T2DM, but there were no differences in body composition. Obese diabetics also had lower tibial total volumetric BMD (vBMD) (p=0.04) and trabecular vBMD (p=0.01) with greater trabecular spacing (p=0.005). F. load (13.3 ± 2.1 vs 14.5 ± 2.3 kN, p= 0.02) and stiffness (24.7± 4.2 vs 27 ± 4.6 kN/mm, p=0.02) were reduced in men with T2DM relative to men without T2DM, respectively. F. load and stiffness were positively correlated with BMD at all sites, fat free mass (FFM), lean mass, free testosterone, free estradiol and SCL, but negatively correlated with % total body fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). FFM, BMD of the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine and free testosterone were significant independent predictors of bone strength in the entire group (model: R2: 65.01 p&lt; 0.0001 for f. load and model: R2:63.21 p &lt; 0.0001 for stiffness), whereas age and lumbar spine BMD were found to be independent predictors of bone strength in the non-diabetic group (model R2: 54.6 p&lt; 0.0001 for both f. load and stiffness). Analysis limited to the diabetic subgroup showed that BMD at the femoral neck and total hip, % total body fat, VAT volume, SCL and free estradiol were independent predictors of bone strength (model: R2: 88.4 and p&lt; 0.0001 for f. load and model: R2: 85.3 and p&lt;0.0001 for stiffness). Interleukin-6 was comparable between groups. Conclusions: Obese men with T2DM have lower bone formation and impaired bone quality and strength compared to those without T2DM. In addition to BMD and gonadal hormones, adiposity is an important predictor of bone strength in obese men with T2DM.

scholarly journals Association between changes in fat distribution and biomarkers for breast cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn A van Gemert ◽  
Evelyn M Monninkhof ◽  
Anne M May ◽  
Sjoerd G Elias ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

We assessed the associations between changes in total and abdominal fat and changes in biomarkers for breast cancer risk using data of the SHAPE-2 trial. In the SHAPE-2 trial, 243 postmenopausal overweight women were included. The intervention in this trial consisted of 5-6 kg weight loss either by diet only or exercise plus diet. After 16 weeks, we measured serum sex hormones, inflammatory markers, total body fat (measured by DEXA scan) and intra and subcutaneous abdominal fat (measured by MRI). Associations between changes in different body fat depots and biomarkers were analysed by linear regression using the study cohort irrespective of randomisation to make maximal use of the distribution of changes in fat measures. We found that a loss in total body fat was associated with favourable changes in free oestradiol, free testosterone, leptin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The loss of intra-abdominal fat was associated with a decrease in free testosterone, hsCRP and leptin, and an increase in SHBG. In the multivariable analysis, the best fitted models for the biomarkers free oestradiol, SHBG leptin and adiponectin included only total body fat. For free testosterone, this was subcutaneous abdominal fat, and for hsCRP and IL-6, only intra-abdominal fat change was important. For IL-6 and adiponectin, however, associations were weak and not significant. We conclude that, in our population of healthy overweight postmenopausal women, loss of fat at different body locations was associated with changes in different types of biomarkers, known to be related to risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Spillover of Fatty Acids During Dietary Fat Storage in Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Body Fat Depots and Effects of Weight Loss

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1897-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Almandoz ◽  
E. Singh ◽  
L. A. Howell ◽  
K. Grothe ◽  
D. T. Vlazny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Fat Depots

scholarly journals Associations of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation with Body Fat in Premenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Warren ◽  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Samuel T. Windham ◽  
Douglas R. Moellering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body

Higherin vivofatty acid (FA) oxidation rates have been reported in obese individuals compared to lean counterparts; however whether this reflects a shift in substrate-specific oxidative capacity at the level of the skeletal muscle mitochondria has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in situ measures of skeletal muscle mitochondria FA oxidation would be positively associated with total body fat. Participants were 38 premenopausal women (BMI=26.5±4.3 kg/m2). Total and regional fat were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Mitochondrial FA oxidation was assessed in permeabilized myofibers using high-resolution respirometry and a palmitoyl carnitine substrate. We found positive associations of total fat mass with State 3 (ADP-stimulated respiration) (r=0.379,p<0.05) and the respiratory control ratio (RCR, measure of mitochondrial coupling) (r=0.348,p<0.05). When participants were dichotomized by high or low body fat percent, participants with high total body fat displayed a higher RCR compared to those with low body fat (p<0.05). There were no associations between any measure of regional fat and mitochondrial FA oxidation independent of total fat mass. In conclusion, greater FA oxidation in obesity may reflect molecular processes that enhance FA oxidation capacity at the mitochondrial level.

Body fat regulation after partial lipectomy in Siberian hamsters is photoperiod dependent and fat pad specific

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R870-R878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mauer ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fat Pads

Siberian hamsters exhibit seasonal fluctuations in body weight (fat). Initial exposure to a short photoperiod results in body fat loss that reverses after approximately 22 wk of short-day exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Siberian hamsters are able to recover body fat after surgical reduction of total lipid stores and if so, whether this ability is photoperiod dependent and fat pad specific. Either the largest pair of internal fat pads, the epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) or one pair of two large external depots, the inguinal (IWAT) fat pads, were removed from male hamsters housed for 22 wk in a long (LD) or short (SD) photoperiod. Retroperitoneal fat pad (RWAT) mass was increased in LD EWAT- and IWAT-lipectomized hamsters. IWAT mass also was increased in the LD EWAT-lipectomized hamsters. Neither SD-lipectomized group compensated for body fat loss in any of the measured fat pads. Increased food intake was not necessary for total body fat recovery, but undereating partially may be responsible for the lack of recovery in SDs. The results of these experiments demonstrate a photoperiod-dependent ability of male Siberian hamsters to regulate total body fat after partial lipectomy. In addition, recovery involves a fat pad-specific compensatory response to partial lipectomy, rather than a general increase in lipid deposition in all fat depots.

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