scholarly journals Association between changes in fat distribution and biomarkers for breast cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn A van Gemert ◽  
Evelyn M Monninkhof ◽  
Anne M May ◽  
Sjoerd G Elias ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

We assessed the associations between changes in total and abdominal fat and changes in biomarkers for breast cancer risk using data of the SHAPE-2 trial. In the SHAPE-2 trial, 243 postmenopausal overweight women were included. The intervention in this trial consisted of 5-6 kg weight loss either by diet only or exercise plus diet. After 16 weeks, we measured serum sex hormones, inflammatory markers, total body fat (measured by DEXA scan) and intra and subcutaneous abdominal fat (measured by MRI). Associations between changes in different body fat depots and biomarkers were analysed by linear regression using the study cohort irrespective of randomisation to make maximal use of the distribution of changes in fat measures. We found that a loss in total body fat was associated with favourable changes in free oestradiol, free testosterone, leptin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The loss of intra-abdominal fat was associated with a decrease in free testosterone, hsCRP and leptin, and an increase in SHBG. In the multivariable analysis, the best fitted models for the biomarkers free oestradiol, SHBG leptin and adiponectin included only total body fat. For free testosterone, this was subcutaneous abdominal fat, and for hsCRP and IL-6, only intra-abdominal fat change was important. For IL-6 and adiponectin, however, associations were weak and not significant. We conclude that, in our population of healthy overweight postmenopausal women, loss of fat at different body locations was associated with changes in different types of biomarkers, known to be related to risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Dencker ◽  
Anton Danielson ◽  
Magnus K. Karlsson ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Lars B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8–11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VOResults:Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VOConclusions:Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.

Efficacy of a Motorized Mechanical Oscillator in Abdominal Fat, Weight, and Waist Circumference Reduction - Two Case Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Chloe ANG ◽  
Teik Hin KOH
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Mechanical Oscillators ◽  
Total Body

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The importance of reducing health risk associated with high abdominal fat is frequently emphasized. Consequently, in Singapore, we have witnessed good sales on motorized mechanical oscillators touted to induce slimming based on the principles of acupressure. However, to date, no study has been done to evaluate the efficacy of such equipment. This pilot study aims to examine the efficacy of motorized mechanical oscillators in reducing waist circumference, weight and abdominal fat percentage over 4 weeks as well as augment the data on acupressure for weight reduction. Two male subjects, one mildly overweight and the other severely overweight, were recruited. They were required to keep to their existing lifestyles and dietary habits and were instructed to wear the oscillator belt for 30 minutes each time, twice a day, as per instructions given in the manual. The machine was operated using the automatic mode. The results show a slight decrease in total body fat % ascertained by DEXA scans. There was also a reduction in waist circumference and an increase in lean mass in the trunk area in both subjects. Specifically, one participant (mildly overweight) lost 1.2% of total body fat, and 0.7cm on the waist girth but gained 1 kg of lean trunk mass. The other participant (severely overweight), although having lost only 0.2% of total body fat and 1.3cm on the waist girth, lost 1.7 kg in total body weight. He also gained in trunk lean mass that resulted in trunk fat reduction of 0.4%. There appears to be some success in such treatment modality particularly with regard to reducing abdominal fat. Certainly, more work needs to be done and future studies are being considered that will involve bigger sample sizes.調查顯示腹部脂肪的累積能引起健康危害，因此減少腹部脂肪的重要性需要廣泛重視的。在新加坡，瘦身產品如動力化的機械擺動瘦身帶都獲得非常好的銷售額。此瘦身帶是以穴位理療原理為依據而設計開發的。可是至今，這類產品的瘦身效果還沒得到科學證明。這項中間試驗的目的是研究在超過4個星期的時間裏，這類瘦身帶對減少腰圍，體重和腹部脂肪的百分數效果；同時也希望增添用穴位理療原理在減肥方面的資料。在二位男性患者當中，一位屬於輕微超重，而另一位屬於嚴重超重。在這項中間試驗調查中，二位患者接受了為期四周的治療療程。療程包括每日使用本瘦身帶二次，一次療程三十分鐘。除此以外，患者需要保持原本的生活方式和飲食習慣。並遵循指導手冊方法操作。此瘦身帶的操作是採用自動化的方法。由DEXA結果顯示二位元患者的脂肪都有顯微的下降，腰圍也有所減小，並且腹部的肌肉有明顯的增加。其中一位患者(輕微肥胖者)的脂肪減少了1.2%，腰圍減少了0.7公分，而肌肉增加了1公斤。第二位患者的身體脂肪減少了0.2%，腰圍減少了 1.3公分，體重也減輕了1.7公斤。同時肌肉也增加了，這使到他的腹部的脂肪減少了0.4%。由此可見，這類瘦身方法對減少腹部脂肪似乎有效。所以，這方面的調查和研究需要更多的工作。接下來希望進行更廣泛，更大規模的研究。

567 TOTAL BODY FAT AND ABDOMINAL FAT RELATED TO COMPOSITE RISK FACTOR SCORE FOR CVD IN YOUNGER CHILDREN

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
M. Dencker ◽  
O. Thorsson ◽  
M.K. Karlsson ◽  
C. Lindén ◽  
P. Wollmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Risk Factor Score

Body fat regulation after partial lipectomy in Siberian hamsters is photoperiod dependent and fat pad specific

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R870-R878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mauer ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Fat Pads

Siberian hamsters exhibit seasonal fluctuations in body weight (fat). Initial exposure to a short photoperiod results in body fat loss that reverses after approximately 22 wk of short-day exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Siberian hamsters are able to recover body fat after surgical reduction of total lipid stores and if so, whether this ability is photoperiod dependent and fat pad specific. Either the largest pair of internal fat pads, the epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) or one pair of two large external depots, the inguinal (IWAT) fat pads, were removed from male hamsters housed for 22 wk in a long (LD) or short (SD) photoperiod. Retroperitoneal fat pad (RWAT) mass was increased in LD EWAT- and IWAT-lipectomized hamsters. IWAT mass also was increased in the LD EWAT-lipectomized hamsters. Neither SD-lipectomized group compensated for body fat loss in any of the measured fat pads. Increased food intake was not necessary for total body fat recovery, but undereating partially may be responsible for the lack of recovery in SDs. The results of these experiments demonstrate a photoperiod-dependent ability of male Siberian hamsters to regulate total body fat after partial lipectomy. In addition, recovery involves a fat pad-specific compensatory response to partial lipectomy, rather than a general increase in lipid deposition in all fat depots.

Physical Activity Changes Predict Abdominal Fat Change in Midlife Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Larry Tucker ◽  
Travis Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Total Body

Background:The influence of physical activity (PA) changes on risk of abdominal fat gain in midlife women has not been studied using objective measures and controlling for potentially confounding variables.Methods:Changes in PA were assessed within a prospective cohort of 233 middle-age (40 ± 3 years), nonobese, nonsmoking, primarily Caucasian women by using accelerometers, worn continuously for 7 consecutive days at baseline and again at a 20 month follow-up. Weighed food intake diaries were completed on concurrent days. Bod Pod assessed total body fat. Abdominal fat was measured by abdominal circumference at the umbilicus.Results:Women who decreased PA gained abdominal fat across 20 months, while women who increased PA (F = 4.82, P = .009) did not. Change in PA remained an independent predictor of abdominal fat change after adjusting for potential confounders, including changes in total body fat and total energy intake. Compared with women who maintained or decreased PA, women who increased PA had approximately half the risk (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.98) of gaining abdominal fat.Conclusions:Increasing daily physical activity may attenuate risk of abdominal fat gain in middle-age women independent of changes in total body fat or energy intake.

The growth of Clun and Southdown sheep: body composition and the partitioning of total body fat

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Omental Fat

ABSTRACTThe growth of Southdown and Clun lambs was studied over the period birth to 415 days of age.At birth, 50, 100, 150 and 200 days of age five lambs of each breed, and at 415 days three lambs of each breed, were slaughtered and their body composition determined by dissection.The relative growth of lean, bone and total body fat was not influenced by breed. At each age both Cluns and Southdowns had similar proportions of total body fat, and were considered to be at the same stage of maturity.There was a breed difference in fat partitioning, with the Clun depositing proportionately more of its total body fat intra-abdominally, compared with the Southdown. However, there was no significant effect of breed on the growth of individual fat depots relative to total fat. From earliest to latest the order of maturity was pericardial, intermuscular, perirenal-retroperitoneal, mesenteric, subcutaneous and lastly, omental fat.

scholarly journals Effects of breed, sex and diet and their interactions on fat deposition and partitioning among depots of broiler chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Shahin ◽  
F. Abd El Azeem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. The effects of breed (Hubbard and Anak), sex and diet (two levels of protein (high or low) with two levels of crude fiber (low or high) at each level of protein) on fat yields and partitioning among the depots were studied. No significant differences were found between breeds in fat yields and in fat partitioning among the major fat depots. Expressed as a percentage of live body weight, females had a greater percentage of non-carcass fat, carcass fat and total body fat than males. Females tended to partition more of their fat to non-carcass fat, whereas males tended to partition more of their fat to carcass fat. The effects of diet were consistent over the breeds and for all fatness traits. Non-carcass fat, carcass fat and total body fat yields were greatly depressed and favorable fat partition between depots was achieved through feeding birds high protein- high fiber diets. These birds tended to partition more of their fat to carcass fat depots (more valuables) and less to non-carcass fat depots. Breed x sex, breed x diet and sex x diet interactions did not significantly influence most of fatness traits indicating that the factors under consideration act independently of each other. Significant sex x diet interactions was found for carcass fat and total body fat relative to live body weight: the sexual dimorphism in low protein diet is more pronounced than in high protein diets. The differences between sexes in their response to diet for these traits might have important implications.

scholarly journals Galectin-3 levels relate in children to total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, and cardiac size

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Dencker ◽  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Magnus K. Karlsson ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Lars B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Total Body

Abstract MP048: Ectopic Muscle and Liver Adiposity are Independently Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in African Ancestry Men

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Allison Kuipers ◽  
J Jeffrey Carr ◽  
James Terry ◽  
Sangeeta Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Muscle Adiposity ◽  
Total Body

Although obesity is a major driver of type 2 diabetes (T2D), many obese individuals do not develop T2D. Indeed, fat around and within non-adipose tissue organs (i.e., ectopic fat) is emerging as a strong risk factor for diabetes. The potential differential contribution of ectopic fat depots throughout the body on T2D risk is unclear because studies have mainly focused on visceral and/or liver fat. No study, to our knowledge, has addressed the potential independent association of visceral, liver, and skeletal muscle adiposity with T2D. Such studies are particularly needed among African ancestry populations, as generalized obesity and other risk factors do not appear to explain the high T2D burden in this population segment. To address this knowledge gap, we measured total body fat by DXA, and visceral, liver, and calf skeletal muscle adiposity by computed tomography in 490 Afro-Caribbean men, aged 50-91 years (mean age=64 years, mean BMI=27.5 kg/m 2 ). The prevalence of T2D in this population was 22.3%. We employed multiple logistic regression using total body fat percent and ectopic fat depots as predictors (Table). We found that each 7.9 HU decrease in liver attenuation (indicative of greater liver adiposity) was associated with a 33% increased odds of T2D (p=0.011). Similarly, each 4.2 mg/cm 3 decrease in muscle attenuation (indicative of greater intra-muscular adiposity) was associated with a 31% increased odds of T2D (p=0.04). These associations were independent of total and visceral adiposity. Our results support the “ectopic fat syndrome” theory, as opposed to the “portal theory”, in the pathogenesis of diabetes among African ancestry men. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the exact role of specific ectopic fat depots in T2D, particularly in high-risk African ancestry populations.

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