Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes Alter Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Biomarkers

Rationale: Chronic electronic cigarette (EC) users exhibit a higher susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to undergo oxidation as compared to non-user controls. However, there is a paucity of data regarding EC effects on lipid peroxidation in the blood and their relationship to cardiovascular risk. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chronic (≥1 year) EC use exerts intermediate effects on plasma lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smoking. Methods and Results: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45), with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of free polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentrations of glutathione, bilirubin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models for segregating participants based on biomarker profiles. Plasma arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was higher in TC-smokers but lower in EC-users, together with linoleic acid (LA) concentration, as compared to TC-smokers and non-users (p<0.05). Oxidized LA metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)) were lower in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Consistently, TAC and bilirubin were elevated in EC-users and TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p<0.05). Of interest, plasma HO-1 concentration was higher in TC-smokers as compared to non-users (p=0.01) with intermediate levels in EC-users. Multivariable analysis identified 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces common (i.e. lower 9- and/or 13-HODEs and higher TAC and bilirubin) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered AA and LA concentrations) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentration, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

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Abstract 15702: Chronic Use of Electronic or Tobacco Cigarettes Alters Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Oxidation Status and Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Young Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Rajat Gupta ◽

Yan Lin ◽

Karla Luna ◽

Anjali Logue ◽

Alexander Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Chronic Use

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (EC) have recently gained unprecedented popularity with over 5 million users in the United States. However, it is not known whether chronic EC use induces cardiovascular health effects in healthy young adults. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that chronic EC use ≥1 year affects lipid peroxidation and/or antioxidant defense in the circulating blood, as compared to chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smokers. Methods: We enrolled EC-users (n=32), TC-smokers (n=29) and non-users (n=45) with mean ages of 28.3, 27.8 and 27.4 years, respectively. Plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxidized metabolites were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and functional activity of paraoxonase1 (PON1) and arylesterase were determined by colorimetric and enzymatic assays in the plasma. Multivariable analysis was performed using classification models aimed at segregating subjects based on biomarker profiles. Results: As shown in table 1, EC-users and TC-smokers exhibited significant alterations in oxidized linoleic acid (LA) metabolites (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE)), arachidonic acid (AA), LA, TAC and HO-1. Multivariable analysis identified a set of 5 biomarkers (13-HODE, LA, 9-HODE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), and AA) that discriminated EC-users from TC-smokers and non-users with an overall accuracy of 73.4%. Conclusions: Chronic use of EC induces both common (i.e. reduced 9- and 13-HODEs, and increased TAC) as well as differential effects (i.e. altered concentrations of AA and LA) to those induced by TC, along with intermediate plasma HO-1 concentrations, suggesting that EC, likewise TC smoke, could impact cardiovascular risk.

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Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or lecithin on the plasma concentrations of very low density lipoprotein-tryglyceride(VLDL) and ketone bodies in humans.

The Kurume Medical Journal ◽

10.2739/kurumemedj.35.71 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

SHIGERU KURINAMI ◽

NAOKO KUMAGAI ◽

HIDEKI HAYASHI ◽

YOSHIKO HAYASHIDA ◽

MASAYUKI SATO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density

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Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Treatment on Lipid Pattern of HIV Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18060292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Federica Fogacci ◽

Enrico Strocchi ◽

Maddalena Veronesi ◽

Claudio Borghi ◽

Arrigo F. G. Cicero

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Increased Risk

Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify published clinical trials assessing the effect of PUFAs treatment on serum lipoproteins, and its safety profile. The effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios and the 95% CI were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel method. Data were pooled from nine clinical studies comprising overall 578 HIV-affected subjects. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.5, −0.58 mmol/L, p < 0.001), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.61 mmol/L, p = 0.004), without affecting serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and A1. Change in TG was significantly associated with eicosapentaenoic acid administered via daily dose. PUFA treatment did not lead to an increased risk of adverse events. In conclusion, PUFAs are safe and exert a significant plasma lipid improving effect in HIV-positive patients.

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