Abstract P146: Sex Differences In The Association Between Systolic Blood Pressure And Carotid Distensibility In Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Marie-Jeanne BUSCOT ◽  
Hoang T Phan ◽  
Thomas Marwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Carotid Distensibility

Background and Aim: We explored sex differences in the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP), in early adulthood with carotid plaques, carotid IMT and carotid distensibility (CD) in mid-adulthood. Methods: Participants in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study at ages 26-36 years were followed-up at ages 39-49 years. Systolic BP and diastolic BP and carotid ultrasound measures (plaques, IMT and CD) were performed in clinics. We used log binomial and linear regression models with risk factor*gender interactions for predicting these carotid measures. Sex-stratified models adjusted for sociodemographic, health-related behavior and biomedical factors were fitted when likelihood ratio tests suggested the effect of risk factors on outcomes differed by sex. Results: Among 1,286 participants (53% women), men, compared to women, had higher prevalence of carotid plaques (17% vs. 10%), thicker carotid IMT (Mean 0.66 ± 0.09 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07) and lower CD (Mean 1.87 ± 0.60 vs. 2.37 ± 0.77). In women, greater SBP in early adulthood was sharply associated with significantly smaller CD (β -0.016 95%CI -0.023, -0.010 vs. β -0.006 95%CI -0.012, -0.001) than men in mid-adulthood adjusted for sociodemographic factors (Figure 1a). In analyses restricted to women, the effect of SBP on CD has decreased after adjusting for age, education, occupation, DBP and use of contraceptives (β -0.009 95%CI -0.019, 0.000) (Figure 1b). Conclusion: CV health was worse in men than women. However, elevated SBP in women put them at greater risk of poorer CV health compared to men, which was partly explained by sociodemographic, biomedical and female-specific factors.

Abstract P183: Contribution Of Childhood Risk Factors To Sex Differences In Adult Carotid Imt And Plaques: The Childhood Determinants Of Adult Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Marie-Jeanne BUSCOT ◽  
Hoang T Phan ◽  
Costan Magnussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Model Building ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Childhood Risk Factors

Background: Understanding the origins of sex differences in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may help with prevention. We examined sex differences in carotid artery IMT and plaques in adulthood including the contribution of childhood risk factors. Methods: Boys and girls aged 7-15 years old from the Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey in 1985 were followed up in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study at ages 36-49 years between 2014-19. Sex differences in adult carotid IMT and plaques, identified with 2D ultrasound of left and right carotid arteries, were examined with linear and log binomial regression, respectively. Childhood sociodemographic, psychosocial, health-related behavioural and biomedical risk factors that might contribute to sex differences in carotid IMT/plaques were identified with purposeful model building. Results: Among 1,286 men and women with vascular measurements of carotid IMT (53% women, mean carotid IMT 0.63 mm ± 0.09 standard deviation) women had thinner carotid IMT measurements than men (β coefficients -0.053 95% CI -0.063, -0.043). Adjusting for age standardised waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist/height ratio (WHtR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in childhood reduced the sex difference of carotid IMT in adulthood (see Figure), but a significant sex-difference in carotid IMT remained. Women had a 42% lower risk of plaques than men (Relative Risk 0.58 95% CI 0.42, 0.79). School achievement levels, endurance/power fitness and SBP in childhood partially explained the sex difference in the prevalence of plaques at adulthood (see Figure) as the sex difference decreased and became statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Various factors in childhood had contributed to thicker carotid IMT and higher prevalence of carotid plaques in men compared to women. These findings suggest that the origins of adult sex differences in CVD may begin in childhood. There may be benefits of sex-specific primary prevention programs starting in childhood.

Abstract P189: Greater Purpose In Life Is Associated With Lower Allostatic Load Among Hispanics/ Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/study Of Latinos (hchs/sol) Sociocultural Ancillary Study (scas)

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra L Estrella ◽  
Melissa Lamar ◽  
Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
Lisa A Sanchez-Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation

Introduction: Allostatic load (AL), a multi-system measure of physiological dysregulation that represents cumulative wear-and-tear due to chronic stressors, is related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence on the association of psychosocial factors with AL is mixed despite accruing research that suggests that psychosocial factors are related to CVD, in part, through AL. We examined the associations of psychosocial factors with AL among Hispanics/Latinos. Hypothesis: Psychosocial intrapersonal ( ethnic identity , optimism, and purpose in life) and interpersonal ( family cohesion , social network embeddedness , and social support ) resources will each be inversely associated with AL while stressors ( perceived ethnic discrimination , familism, and loneliness ) will each be positively associated. Methods: Data from the HCHS/SOL SCAS were used (n=4,914; ages 18-74). AL was assessed using 16 biomarkers representing cardiometabolic, glucose, cardiopulmonary, parasympathetic, and inflammatory systems. The AL score (0-16) was computed as the number of biomarkers for which a participant had a high-risk quartile; higher scores represent greater physiological dysregulation. Psychosocial factors were self-reported. Survey-weighted linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors examined associations of each psychosocial factor with AL. We also examined whether sex modified these associations. Results: Mean AL score was 4.0 (SD=3.2). In fully-adjusted models (Table), the purpose in life score was inversely associated with AL. No other significant associations were observed, although regression estimates were generally in the hypothesized direction. Sex did not modify the association of psychosocial factors with AL. Conclusions: Greater sense of purpose in life, an intrapersonal psychosocial resource, is associated with lower physiological dysregulation in Hispanics/Latinos. Findings highlight the need to examine prospective associations of purpose in life with AL.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tracking of Blood Pressure from Childhood to Adulthood: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422-1428.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Kelly ◽  
Russell Thomson ◽  
Kylie J. Smith ◽  
Terence Dwyer ◽  
Alison Venn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Factors Affecting

Association of binge drinking in adolescence and early adulthood with high blood pressure: findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994–2008)

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ama Hayibor ◽  
Jianrong Zhang ◽  
Alexis Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
New Classification ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption

BackgroundAn investigation of the risk of high blood pressure (HBP) associated with heavy alcohol consumption in adolescence and early adulthood is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between binge drinking from adolescence to early adulthood and the risk of HBP in early adulthood.MethodsWe applied logistic regression to publicly available, population-representative data from waves I (1994–1995; ages 12–18) and IV (2007–2008; ages 24–32) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n=5114) to determine whether past 12-month binge drinking in adolescence (wave I) and early adulthood (wave IV) was associated with HBP in early adulthood after adjusting for covariates, including smoking and body mass index. HBP was defined according to both the former and new classifications.ResultsHBP was significantly, positively associated with infrequent binge drinking (less than once a week) in adolescence based on the new classification (overall: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.49; male: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.81) and frequent binge drinking (heavy consumption) in adolescence based on the former classification (overall: OR= 1.64, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.22; male: OR= 1.79, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.60). The risk of HBP was high when participants engaged in frequent binge drinking in both adolescence and early adulthood, especially based on the former classification (overall: OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.13 to 5.20; female: OR 5.81, 95% CI 2.26 to 14.93).ConclusionBinge drinking in adolescence may increase risk of HBP in early adulthood. This association is independent of other important risk factors for HPB, such as smoking and obesity.

Alcoholic beverage consumption, changes in blood pressure and incidence of hypertension in the Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil)

Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111387
Author(s):  
Juliana S Coelho ◽  
Oscar G E Martinez ◽  
Jordana H Siqueira ◽  
Gláucia C Campos ◽  
Maria C Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Beverage Consumption

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

Smoking, Serum Lipids, Blood Pressure, and Sex Differences in Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Egil Arnesen ◽  
Per G. Lund-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Serum Lipids

scholarly journals Understanding sex differences in long-term blood pressure regulation: insights from experimental studies and computational modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1113-H1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameed Ahmed ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Jessica Leete ◽  
Anita T. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Key Players

Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key players in blood pressure regulation, and highlight sex-specific models and their findings.

The association between S1P and vascular disease markers in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Rotheudt ◽  
E Moritz ◽  
M Markus ◽  
H Voelzke ◽  
N Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Carotid Plaques

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator of the immune system and vascular bed. However, cross-sectional analyses of S1P and parameters of vascular health in the population are sparse. Purpose  We explored the relation between S1P concentrations and several parameters of vascular health, i.e. ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques/stenosis, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as well as aortic wall thickness (AWT). Methods S1P was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). ABI was calculated as the ratio of systolic blood pressure in arms and ankles. For cIMT, the distance between the lumen-intima and media-adventitia interfaces in longitudinal scans were measured. Carotid plaques were defined as a focal protrusion of the carotid vessel wall. Carotid stenosis was assessed with Doppler ultrasonography. FMD was evaluated by measuring the increase in brachial artery diameter after transient forearm ischemia. AWT was assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  Subjects with cancer, severe renal insufficiency, previous myocardial infarction and extreme values for S1P (< 1st and > 99th percentile) were excluded. Sex stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio and platelets were used to assess the relation between S1P and vascular disease parameters. Results A total of n = 3,643 participants (48% male, median age 51, 25th and 75th percentile 39 and 63 years) could be included in the analyses. The median S1P concentration was 0.788 µM (25th and 75th percentile 0.679 and 0.906, respectively). In men a 1 standard deviation higher S1P was associated with a significantly greater cIMT (β: 0.0057 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00027 to 0.0112 mm; p = 0.0396) and a lower ABI (β: -0.0090 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0153 to -0.0029; p = 0.0038. In women S1P was significantly associated with cIMT (β: 0.0044 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0001 to 0.0086 mm; p = 0.0445) while no significant association was found for the relation of S1P with ABI. For both men and women S1P was not associated with FMD, the presence of carotid plaques/stenosis and AWT. Conclusions We found that S1P concentrations were positively related to a thicker cIMT in both sexes and lower ABI values in men. There was no association of S1P with any of the other vascular markers of interest. Future studies need to validate our results in other populations.

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