The association between S1P and vascular disease markers in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Rotheudt ◽  
E Moritz ◽  
M Markus ◽  
H Voelzke ◽  
N Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Carotid Plaques

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction  Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator of the immune system and vascular bed. However, cross-sectional analyses of S1P and parameters of vascular health in the population are sparse. Purpose  We explored the relation between S1P concentrations and several parameters of vascular health, i.e. ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques/stenosis, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as well as aortic wall thickness (AWT). Methods S1P was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). ABI was calculated as the ratio of systolic blood pressure in arms and ankles. For cIMT, the distance between the lumen-intima and media-adventitia interfaces in longitudinal scans were measured. Carotid plaques were defined as a focal protrusion of the carotid vessel wall. Carotid stenosis was assessed with Doppler ultrasonography. FMD was evaluated by measuring the increase in brachial artery diameter after transient forearm ischemia. AWT was assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.  Subjects with cancer, severe renal insufficiency, previous myocardial infarction and extreme values for S1P (< 1st and > 99th percentile) were excluded. Sex stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio and platelets were used to assess the relation between S1P and vascular disease parameters. Results A total of n = 3,643 participants (48% male, median age 51, 25th and 75th percentile 39 and 63 years) could be included in the analyses. The median S1P concentration was 0.788 µM (25th and 75th percentile 0.679 and 0.906, respectively). In men a 1 standard deviation higher S1P was associated with a significantly greater cIMT (β: 0.0057 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00027 to 0.0112 mm; p = 0.0396) and a lower ABI (β: -0.0090 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0153 to -0.0029; p = 0.0038. In women S1P was significantly associated with cIMT (β: 0.0044 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0001 to 0.0086 mm; p = 0.0445) while no significant association was found for the relation of S1P with ABI. For both men and women S1P was not associated with FMD, the presence of carotid plaques/stenosis and AWT. Conclusions We found that S1P concentrations were positively related to a thicker cIMT in both sexes and lower ABI values in men. There was no association of S1P with any of the other vascular markers of interest. Future studies need to validate our results in other populations.

Galectin-3 is inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Haid ◽  
M Bahls ◽  
M Doerr ◽  
S Felix ◽  
S Zylla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Galectin 3

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a prognostic biomarker for fibrosis, different cancers, renal impairment and, in particular, for heart failure. Further, higher Gal-3 levels are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Whether Gal-3 is related with the protective effects of a high CRF is unclear. Purpose The present study examined the relation between Gal-3 and CRF as determined by body weight adjusted peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak/kg), oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT) and maximal workload (Wmax). Methods We used data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) from Northeast Germany. A total of n = 1,483 participants with a median age of 49 (IQR: 39 – 59 years, male 48%) were included in the analysis. CRF parameters were measured using standardized cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer. Plasma galectin-3 concentrations were determined using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Individuals with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic lung disease, severe renal disease (eGFR < 30 ml/min/mm2), a history of cancer, and extreme values for Gal-3 were excluded. Linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and lean mass were used to analyze the association between Gal-3 and CRF. Results A one ml/min/kg greater VO2peak was related to a 0.32 ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.45 to -0.18, p <.001) lower Gal-3. Further, a one Watt larger power output was also associated with a 1.32 ng/ml (95% CI -2.10 to – 0.54, p <.001) lesser Gal-3. VO2@AT was not related to Gal-3 (β: -3.31 95% CI -8.68 to 2.05, p = .23). Conclusions In the general population Gal-3 is inversely associated with CRF. Further studies should investigate whether lower Gal-3, beyond its importance as a biomarker for heart disease, may even play a role in the protective effect of the CRF.

Determinants of short-term variation in arterial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy young men

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko J. Järvisalo ◽  
Laura Jartti ◽  
Jukka Marniemi ◽  
Tapani Rönnemaa ◽  
Jorma S. A. Viikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Hourly Variation ◽  
Fat Meal

Brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilatation) is widely used as a marker of systemic arterial endothelial function. FMD, however, shows considerable 25% day-to-day variation that hinders its clinical use. The reasons for this variability are poorly characterized. Therefore the present study was designed to clarify factors responsible for the hourly variation in endothelial function, including consuming a low-fat meal and circadian rhythms in endogenous hormonal levels. Brachial artery FMD, along with serum glucose, triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and levels of several hormones were measured six times per day on two separate days 1 week apart. On one day, the subjects (healthy males: n=12, mean age, 24 years) ate a light breakfast and a standardized lunch (23.5% fat, 48.7% carbohydrate and 27.8% protein). On the other day, they had a similar breakfast after which they fasted. Postprandial FMD values (both after breakfast and after lunch) were similar to baseline FMD. FMD showed a 28% hourly variation and 27% weekly variation. Variation in plasma levels of insulin (P=0.02) associated negatively and DHPG (3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol) (P=0.001), a marker of sympathetic nervous activation, associated positively with variation in FMD. The effects of DHPG and insulin on FMD were independent of changes in baseline brachial artery diameter, although DHPG was also inversely associated with baseline diameter. Eating a regular low-fat meal does not have any measurable effects on brachial artery endothelial function. These data suggest that strict requirements for fasting conditions may be unnecessary when measuring peripheral endothelial function using the ultrasound technique. Circadian variation in serum insulin and sympathetic tone are physiological determinants of endothelial function.

Effect of acute sympathetic nervous system activation on flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. H1446-H1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Dyson ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Peak Shear Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
General Response

We tested the hypothesis that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery would be impaired by acute increases in sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) in models where similar peak shear stress stimulus was achieved by varying the duration of forearm muscle ischemia. Eleven healthy young men were studied under four different conditions, each with its own control: lower body suction (LBS), cold pressor test (CPT), mental arithmetic task (MAT), and activation of muscle chemoreflex (MCR). The duration of ischemia before observation of FMD by ultrasound imaging was 5 min each for control, LBS, and CPT; 3 min for MAT; and 2-min for MCR. Peak shear rate was not different between control and any of the SNA conditions, although total shear in the first minute was reduced in MAT. MCR was the only condition in which brachial artery vasoconstriction was observed before forearm occlusion [4.38 (SD 0.53) vs. control 4.60 (SD 0.53) mm, P < 0.05]; however, diameter increased to the same absolute value as that of the control, so the percent FMD was greater for MCR [9.85 (SD 2.33) vs. control 5.29 (SD 1.50)%]. Blunting of the FMD response occurred only in the CPT model [1.51 (SD 1.20)%]. During SNA, the increase in plasma cortisol from baseline was significant only for MCR; the increase in plasma norepinephrine was significant for MCR, LBS, and CPT; and the increase in epinephrine was significant only for MCR. These results showed that the four models employed to achieve increases in SNA had different effects on baseline brachial artery diameter and that blunted FMD is not a general response to increased SNA.

Are the dynamic response characteristics of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation sensitive to the magnitude of increase in shear stimulus?

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Pyke ◽  
J. A. Hartnett ◽  
M. E. Tschakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Stimulus Magnitude ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Response Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamic characteristics of brachial artery dilation in response to step increases in shear stress [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)]. Brachial artery diameter (BAD) and mean blood velocity (MBV) (Doppler ultrasound) were obtained in 15 healthy subjects. Step increases in MBV at two shear stimulus magnitudes were investigated: large (L; maximal MBV attainable), and small (S; MBV at 50% of the large step). Increase in shear rate (estimate of shear stress: MBV/BAD) was 76.8 ± 15.6 s−1 for L and 41.4 ± 8.7 s−1 for S. The peak %FMD was 14.5 ± 3.8% for L and 5.7 ± 2.1% for S ( P < 0.001). Both the L (all subjects) and the S step trials (12 of 15 subjects) elicited a biphasic diameter response with a fast initial phase (phase I) followed by a slower final phase. Relative contribution of phase I to total FMD when two phases occurred was not sensitive to shear rate magnitude ( r2 = 0.003, slope P = 0.775). Parameters quantifying the dynamics of the FMD response [time delay (TD), time constant (τ)] were also not sensitive to shear rate magnitude for both phases (phase I: TD r2 = 0.03, slope P = 0.376, τ r2 = 0.04, slope P = 0.261; final phase: TD r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.169, τ r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.996). These data support the existence of two distinct mechanisms, or sets of mechanisms, in the human conduit artery FMD response that are proportionally sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude and whose dynamic response is not sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude.

scholarly journals Effects of posture on shear rates in human brachial and superficial femoral arteries

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. H1833-H1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Newcomer ◽  
C. L. Sauder ◽  
N. T. Kuipers ◽  
M. H. Laughlin ◽  
C. A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Relative Shear

Shear rate is significantly lower in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery in the supine posture. The relative shear rates in these arteries of subjects in the upright posture (seated and/or standing) are unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that upright posture (seated and/or standing) would produce greater shear rates in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery. To test this hypothesis, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure mean blood velocity (MBV) and diameter in the brachial and superficial femoral arteries of 21 healthy subjects after being in the supine, seated, and standing postures for 10 min. MBV was significantly higher in the brachial compared with the superficial femoral artery during upright postures. Superficial femoral artery diameter was significantly larger than brachial artery diameter. However, posture had no significant effect on either brachial or superficial femoral artery diameter. The calculated shear rate was significantly greater in the brachial (73 ± 5, 91 ± 11, and 97 ± 13 s−1) compared with the superficial femoral (53 ± 4, 39 ± 77, and 44 ± 5 s−1) artery in the supine, seated, and standing postures, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, our current findings indicate that mean shear rate is lower in the superficial femoral compared with the brachial artery in the supine, seated, and standing postures. These findings of lower shear rates in the superficial femoral artery may be one mechanism for the higher propensity for atherosclerosis in the arteries of the leg than of the arm.

Abstract 12049: The Association of Subclinical Vascular Disease and Erectile Dysfunction at 9-Year Assessment: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David I Feldman ◽  
Kevin L Billups ◽  
Andrew P DeFilippis ◽  
Kanchan Chitaley ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Aortic Distensibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
Subclinical Vascular Disease

Background: In cross sectional studies, erectile dysfunction (ED) and overt clinical cardiovascular disease commonly coexist. However, the temporal relationship between subclinical vascular disease and subsequent identification of ED remains unclear. Methods: After excluding participants taking ED medications at baseline, we studied 1,862 asymptomatic men from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with complete baseline multi-modality subclinical disease phenotyping who underwent ED assessment at MESA visit 5 (9.4 years after baseline). ED was defined by self-report per the single question self-assessment in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Using multivariable logistic regression (see figure legend for adjustments), we assessed the relationship between three different categories of baseline subclinical vascular disease with subsequent self-identification of ED. Subclinical vascular disease measures tested were: atherosclerosis: coronary artery calcium [CAC], carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT]; vascular stiffness: aortic distensibility, distensibility coefficient; vascular dysfunction: ankle-brachial index [ABI], flow-mediated dilation [FMD]. Results: A total of 839 men (45%) self-reported ED 9.4 ± 0.5 years after baseline. The mean age for the study population was 63.9 ± 8.9. There was a graded association between number and severity of subclinical disease abnormalities and ED. Measures of atherosclerosis were most closely associated with ED (see figure). Of the specific subclinical disease measurements, only presence of CAC and CAC>100 retained significance in a fully adjusted model (OR 1.5, 1.2 - 1.9; OR 1.4, 1.1 - 1.9). Conclusions: Multiple vascular disease abnormalities tend to cluster in men who later self-report ED. Of the tested subclinical vascular disease domains, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, in particular CAC, are most closely associated with subsequent ED nearly 10 years after baseline.

Abstract P146: Sex Differences In The Association Between Systolic Blood Pressure And Carotid Distensibility In Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Marie-Jeanne BUSCOT ◽  
Hoang T Phan ◽  
Thomas Marwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Carotid Plaques ◽  
Carotid Distensibility

Background and Aim: We explored sex differences in the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP), in early adulthood with carotid plaques, carotid IMT and carotid distensibility (CD) in mid-adulthood. Methods: Participants in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study at ages 26-36 years were followed-up at ages 39-49 years. Systolic BP and diastolic BP and carotid ultrasound measures (plaques, IMT and CD) were performed in clinics. We used log binomial and linear regression models with risk factor*gender interactions for predicting these carotid measures. Sex-stratified models adjusted for sociodemographic, health-related behavior and biomedical factors were fitted when likelihood ratio tests suggested the effect of risk factors on outcomes differed by sex. Results: Among 1,286 participants (53% women), men, compared to women, had higher prevalence of carotid plaques (17% vs. 10%), thicker carotid IMT (Mean 0.66 ± 0.09 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07) and lower CD (Mean 1.87 ± 0.60 vs. 2.37 ± 0.77). In women, greater SBP in early adulthood was sharply associated with significantly smaller CD (β -0.016 95%CI -0.023, -0.010 vs. β -0.006 95%CI -0.012, -0.001) than men in mid-adulthood adjusted for sociodemographic factors (Figure 1a). In analyses restricted to women, the effect of SBP on CD has decreased after adjusting for age, education, occupation, DBP and use of contraceptives (β -0.009 95%CI -0.019, 0.000) (Figure 1b). Conclusion: CV health was worse in men than women. However, elevated SBP in women put them at greater risk of poorer CV health compared to men, which was partly explained by sociodemographic, biomedical and female-specific factors.

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