Blood Pressure Control and the Association With Diabetes Mellitus Incidence

The SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) demonstrated reduced cardiovascular outcomes. We evaluated diabetes mellitus incidence in this randomized trial that compared intensive blood pressure strategy (systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg) versus standard strategy (<140 mm Hg). Participants were ≥50 years of age, with systolic 130 to 180 mm Hg and increased cardiovascular risk. Participants were excluded if they had diabetes mellitus, polycystic kidney disease, proteinuria >1 g/d, heart failure, dementia, or stroke. Postrandomization exclusions included participants missing blood glucose or ≥126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or on hypoglycemics. The outcome was incident diabetes mellitus: fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L), diabetes mellitus self-report, or new use of hypoglycemics. The secondary outcome was impaired fasting glucose (100–125 mg/dL [5.55–6.94 mmol/L]) among those with normoglycemia (<100 mg/dL [5.55 mmol/L]). There were 9361 participants randomized and 981 excluded, yielding 4187 and 4193 participants assigned to intensive and standard strategies. There were 299 incident diabetes mellitus events (2.3% per year) for intensive and 251 events (1.9% per year) for standard, rates of 22.6 (20.2–25.3) versus 19.0 (16.8–21.5) events per 1000 person-years of treatment, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.95–1.49]). Impaired fasting glucose rates were 26.4 (24.9–28.0) and 22.5 (21.1–24.1) per 100 person-years for intensive and standard strategies (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.17 [1.06–1.30]). Intensive treatment strategy was not associated with increased diabetes mellitus but was associated with more impaired fasting glucose. The risks and benefits of intensive blood pressure targets should be factored into individualized patient treatment goals. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01206062.

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Impaired Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Events

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2011.07.049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (24) ◽

pp. 2546-2547 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saurav Chatterjee ◽

Subhankar Maitra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Incident Diabetes

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Impaired Fasting Glucose and the Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Events in an Adult Population

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.025 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 140-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Joseph Yeboah ◽

Alain G. Bertoni ◽

David M. Herrington ◽

Wendy S. Post ◽

Gregory L. Burke

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Adult Population ◽

Incident Diabetes

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Degree of Blood Pressure Control and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults With Hypertension

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.017015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

Jing Nie ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Jianping Li ◽

Min Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes

Background The association between blood pressure (BP) control and incident diabetes mellitus remains unknown. We aim to investigate the association between degree of time‐averaged on‐treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) control and incident diabetes mellitus in hypertensive adults. Methods and Results A total of 14 978 adults with hypertension without diabetes mellitus at baseline were included from the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). Participants were randomized double‐masked to daily enalapril 10 mg and folic acid 0.8 mg or enalapril 10 mg alone. BP measurements were taken every 3 months after randomization. The primary outcome was incident diabetes mellitus, defined as physician‐diagnosed diabetes mellitus, or use of glucose‐lowering drugs during follow‐up, or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL at the exit visit. Over a median of 4.5 years, a significantly higher risk of incident diabetes mellitus was found in participants with time‐averaged on‐treatment SBP 130 to <140 mm Hg (10.3% versus 7.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15‒1.64), compared with those with SBP 120 to <130 mm Hg. Moreover, the risk of incident diabetes mellitus increased by 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00‒1.53) and the incidence of regression to normal fasting glucose (<100 mg/dL) decreased by 29% (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57‒0.89) in participants with intermediate BP control (SBP/diastolic blood pressure, 130 to <140 and/or 80 to <90 mm Hg), compared with those with a tight BP control of <130/<80 mm Hg. Similar results were found when the time‐averaged BP were calculated using the BP measurements during the first 6‐ or 24‐month treatment period, or in the analysis using propensity scores. Conclusions In this non‐diabetic, hypertensive population, SBP control in the range of 120 to <130 mm Hg, compared with the 130 to <140 mm Hg, was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes mellitus.

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Association of Anthropometric Parameters with Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose among Ellisras Children

10.5772/intechopen.95938 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moloko Matshipi ◽

Hlengani James Siweya ◽

Phuti Joanna Makgae

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Neck Circumference ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Obesity as directly measured by anthropometric parameters has been demonstrated to be associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are common risk factors for CVD. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between blood pressure, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters in Ellisras children. A total of 492 children aged 6 to 11 years, participated in the study. Neck circumference, waist circumference, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Linear regression showed significant association (P < 0.05) of anthropometric parameters (except waist-to-height ratio) with blood pressure. Fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with neck circumference when adjusted for age and gender. Positive correlation was found for systolic blood pressure with neck and waist circumference and body mass index in both genders and for diastolic blood pressure, the correlation was only found in boys. Fasting blood glucose was negatively correlated with neck circumference. Waist circumference (P = 0.025, β = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.017–1.285) was better than BMI (P = 0.046, β = 1.340, 95% CI = 1.005–1.788) in predicting elevated systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that it is crucial to manage anthropometric parameters in the Ellisras community in order to decelerate the increase of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

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DIABETES MELLITUS PREDICTION;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.579 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 060-067

Author(s):

SIKANDAR HAYAT KHAN ◽

SYED AOWN RAZA BOKHARI ◽

AAMIR IJAZ ◽

Mohammad Zafar Ali ◽

Umair Masood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Serum Total Cholesterol ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Diagnosis Of Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT… Background: The rapid change in lifestyles and dietary has led to a pandemic of diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis ofdiabetes mellitus sometimes requires 2 hr OGTT sampling. Recent evidence has shown that there are lipid related abnormalitiesassociated with diabetes mellitus, so a consideration comes in for their utilization as a marker to support diabetes mellitus. Objective: (1)To correlate serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and ALT with fasting blood glucose (2). To predict diagnosis of diabetes mellitus usingabove serum markers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis, descriptive study. Place and duration of study: This study was carried outbetween Mar-2010 to Jan-2011 at the department of pathology, PNS RAHAT in collaboration with PNS SHIFA. Subjects and methods: Atotal of 251 subjects were screened for presence of glucose dysregulation. Based upon the results of fasting blood glucose, subjectswere grouped as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDDM).A comparison of lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were made in the above groups tomeasure the differences between the above mentioned three groups. ALT, triglyceride and total cholesterol were correlated with results offasting blood glucose through pearson’s correlation. Later the performance of different cut-offs of triglycerides, total cholesterol and twomathematical models [{Factor-I=FBG (mmol/L) + triglycerides (mmol/L)} and {Factor-II=FBG (mmol/L) + triglycerides (mmol/L) +total cholesterol (mmol/L)}] were evaluated for detecting diabetes mellitus against the gold standard 2 hr OGTT in 71 subjects. Results:The results of triglycerides, total cholesterol and serum ALT between the three groups were as: [{Triglycerides: NGT =1.91, IFG=2.10,NDDM= 2.75, p=0.003} {total cholesterol: NGT=5.03, IFG=5.19, NDDM=5.74, p=0.056} {ALT:NGT=28.47, IFG=27.95,NDDM=25.78, p=0.846}]. Most correlation was found between serum triglycerides and fasting blood glucose (r2=0.235, p<0.001);while serum total cholesterol and ALT showed lesser correlations {(total cholesterol:r2= 0.172, P=0.007), (ALT:r2= 0.010,p=0.877)}. While triglycerides demonstrated superiority in terms of sensitivity to total cholesterol for detection of diabetes mellitus, thefactors incorporating lipids and glucose had the highest overall diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions: Triglycerides and total cholesterollevels rise from normoglycemic individuals to subjects having impaired fasting glucose and newly diagnosed diabetics. The inclusion oftriglycerides and total cholesterol for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus improves the chances of for detection of diabetes mellitus.

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Blood Pressure Targets in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus/Impaired Fasting Glucose

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.110.016337 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 123 (24) ◽

pp. 2799-2810 ◽

Cited By ~ 282

Author(s):

Sripal Bangalore ◽

Sunil Kumar ◽

Iryna Lobach ◽

Franz H. Messerli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Blood Pressure Targets

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Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Acromegaly & Impact of Treatment Modalities on Glucose Metabolism

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A647-A648

Author(s):

Sajjad Ali Khan ◽

Nanik Ram ◽

Muhammad Qamar Masood

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Medical Therapy ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Post Surgery ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose in Pakistani patients with acromegaly and to establish the impact of the intervention (surgery/ medical) on glucose metabolism. Methods: Eighty-nine patients fulfilling the endocrine society criteria for acromegaly diagnosis were included. A data of baseline, growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and random blood glucose (RBS) levels were reviewed before and after the intervention (surgery/medical therapy). Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were defined based on the 2003 ADA criteria. Patients were grouped into normoglycemic (NGT) and dysglycemic (IFG, IGT, and DM) based on FBS, RBS, and HbA1C. Results: Major risk factors for dysglycemia included age (15-45 years), male sex (33.70%), obesity (45.7%), and macroadenoma (76%). Both mean GH levels (58.29 vs. 54.36 ng/dl) and IGF-1 levels (862.98 vs. 824.32 ng/dl) were higher among the normoglycemic than dysglycemia. Pre-surgery, NGT, IFG, IGT, IFG, and IGT combined and DM were found in 48.31, 5.61, 1.1, 5.61, and 39.32 % of the subjects, respectively. Post-surgery, HbA1C improved in 79.5%, deteriorated in 6.8%, and remained the same in 13.6%. Similarly, it improved in 67.4.7% post-medical therapy. Both FBS and RBS improved post-surgery and medical therapy. Further, the number of anti-diabetic drugs used also decreased post-surgery. Conclusion: Dysglycemia is more common among patients with acromegaly as compared to the general population and tends to be poorly controlled in untreated acromegaly. Glycemic control improves significantly after the surgery and medical therapy. Keywords: Acromegaly, Diabetes Mellitus, Transsphenoidal surgery

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Effect of relaxation exercise on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in gestational diabetes

British Journal of Midwifery ◽

10.12968/bjom.2019.27.9.572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 572-577

Author(s):

Mehrnaz Geranmayeh ◽

Sara Bikdeloo ◽

Farahnaz Azizi ◽

Abbas Mehran

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Quasi Experimental

Background Gestational diabetes is a growing problem worldwide, with risks for both the woman and the baby. Stress has been shown to be linked with diabetes, and therefore research is examining the effect of relaxation on blood pressure. Aim To assess the effect of relaxation on blood glucose and blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed with a sample of 80 participants. Fasting blood glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after the intervention, which was a 10-week programme of home mind-body and relaxation. Findings Both systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the control group were significantly higher (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure in both groups was not found to be significantly different (P=0.151). Conclusions Relaxation exercises reduce fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Diabetes Mellitus among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic Period in a Secondary Health Institution

International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research ◽

10.52403/20210417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 88-91

Author(s):

Parul Bhardwaj ◽

Shivbrat Sharma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Civil Hospital ◽

Keywords Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems worldwide and it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The risk of TB infection not only rises in diabetes patients, but is also associated with a higher risk of an increased number of diabetes complications. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among patients with newly diagnosed TB in Civil hospital Dehra, district Kangra (HP) a secondary health institute. AIM: To study the prevalence of DM in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Materials and Methods: Total 40 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who came in medicine OPD, Civil hospital Dehra from August 2020 to April 2021 during COVID -19 pandemic period were enrolled in the study. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) was done. Screening and diagnosis of DM was done according to American diabetes association (ADA) guidelines. Results: The prevalence of DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in newly diagnosed tubercular patients was 10% and 12.5% respectively in our study. Conclusion: The prevalence of FBS was found to be higher in patients with TB than the general population. Hence it is very important to screen these patients timely to prevent further complications. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), fasting blood glucose (FBG).

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