Short‐Term, High‐Dose Fish Oil Supplementation Increases the Production of Omega‐3 Fatty Acid–Derived Mediators in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (the OMEGA‐PAD I Trial)

OBJECTIVES: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience significant morbidity and mortality, at least partially related to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The OMEGA-PAD I Trial (NCT01310270), a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial addressed the hypothesis that short-duration, high-dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) oral supplementation improves endothelial function (EF) and inflammation in subjects with PAD. METHODS: Eighty patients with stable, mild-severe claudication and ABI<0.9 received 4.1gm of fish oil (FISH) vs placebo capsules (CTL) for 1 month. The primary endpoint was EF as measured by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Secondary endpoints included biomarkers of inflammation, generation of n-3 fatty acid-derived lipid metabolites, lipid profile and walking impairment questionnaires. RESULTS: The FISH and CTL group were no different with regards to age, baseline EF, inflammation and lipid profiles. Following treatment, there was a significant reduction in triglycerides (-34 ± 46, p=0.0001) and an improvement in HDL (+2 ± 6, p=0.03) in the FISH group. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the omega-3 index of 4 ± 1% (p<0.00001). We observed a significant increase in the production of downstream metabolites of n-3 fatty acids including 18-, 15- and 5-hydroxy eicosapentaenoic acids and 4-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid in the FISH group. n-3 PUFA led to a significant improvement in FMD in the FISH group (+0.7 ± 4.0%, p=0.04) and a non-significant improvement in the CTL (+0.6 ± 2.5, p=0.18) group. There were no significant differences between groups in pro-inflammatory markers or walking parameters post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose, short-duration n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly improves the metabolo-lipidomic profile of patients with PAD. Longer studies are needed to assess the effects of n-3 PUFA on inflammation, vascular function, and clinical endpoints in patients with established PAD and to determine whether generation of n-3 fatty acid-derived bioactive lipid mediators is related to clinical outcomes.

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A4142 Omega-3 fatty acid has effect on improvement of peripheral artery disease in correlation with degree of lowering remnant-like lipoprotein cholesterol in hemodialysis patients with dyslipidemia

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000548628.50611.dd ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. e155

Author(s):

Minako Kagimoto ◽

Yusuke Kobayashi ◽

Tetsuya Fujikawa ◽

Tamio Iwamoto ◽

Satoshi Umemura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Artery Disease

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Predictors of change in omega-3 index with fish oil supplementation in peripheral artery disease

Journal of Surgical Research ◽

10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura M. Drudi ◽

Melinda S. Schaller ◽

Jade Hiramoto ◽

Warren Gasper ◽

William S. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

Predictors Of Change

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Relation of omega-3 fatty acid and C-reactive protein to peripheral artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease

Heart and Vessels ◽

10.1007/s00380-013-0384-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Sugiura ◽

Daiji Yoshikawa ◽

Hideki Ishii ◽

Susumu Suzuki ◽

Soichiro Kumagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Omega 3 ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Artery Disease

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Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458519872652 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 1476-1485

Author(s):

Annette Langer-Gould ◽

Lucinda J Black ◽

Emmanuelle Waubant ◽

Jessica B Smith ◽

Jun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Kaiser Permanente ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

Background: The role of omega-3 fatty acid in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is unclear. Objective: To determine whether fish/seafood intake or genetic factors that regulate omega-3 fatty acids levels are associated with MS risk. Methods: We examined the association of fish and shrimp consumption and 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1, FADS2, and ELOV2 with risk of MS in 1153 individuals from the MS Sunshine Study, a case-control study of incident MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), recruited from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Results: Consuming fish/seafood at least once a week or at least once a month with regular fish oil use was associated with 44% reduced odds of MS/CIS (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.41–0.76; p = 0.0002) compared with consuming fish/seafood less than once a month and no fish oil supplementation. Two FADS2 SNPs (rs174611 and rs174618) were independently associated with a lower risk of MS (adjusted ORs = 0.74, 0.79, p = 0.0056, 0.0090, respectively). Association of FADS2 SNPs with MS risk was confirmed in an independent dataset. Conclusion: These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acid intake may be an important modifiable risk factor for MS. This is consistent with the other known health benefits of fish consumption and complementary genetic studies supporting a key role for omega-3 regulation.

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Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000439525 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 153-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽

Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽

Altay A.L. de Souza ◽

Sérgio Tufik ◽

José Carlos F. Galduróz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

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The effects of fish oil consumption on cardiovascular remodeling in ApoE deficient mice

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2013-0077 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 960-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kelby Cleverley ◽

Xiaozhou Du ◽

Sheena Premecz ◽

Khuong Le ◽

Matthew Zeglinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Deficient Mice

Owing to their spontaneous development of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoEKO) are one of the best studied animal models for this disease. Little is known about the utility of various omega-3 fatty acid regimens, in particular fish oils, in preventing cardiac disease in ApoEKO mice. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with either safflower oil (control), fish oil, flaxseed oil, or designed oil in ApoEKO mice fed a high-fat diet for a total of 16 weeks. In-vivo cardiac function was assessed weekly using murine echocardiography. Blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were serially measured. The results show that ApoEKO mice fed fish oil demonstrated an increase in left ventricular wall thickness as a result of increased afterload. Despite chronic treatment with fish oil over 16 weeks, blood pressure increased in ApoEKO mice by 20% compared with the baseline. Both echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and biochemical increase in BNP levels confirmed diastolic dysfunction in ApoEKO mice fed fish oil. This suggests that high-fat diet supplemented with fish oil may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects in ApoE deficient mice.

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