Cardiovascular Health Trajectories and Elevated C‐Reactive Protein: The CARDIA Study

Background The relationship between long‐term cardiovascular health (CVH) patterns and elevated CRP (C‐reactive protein) in late middle age has yet to be investigated. We aimed to assess this relationship. Methods and Results Individual CVH components were measured in 4405 Black and White men and women (aged 18–30 years at baseline) in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study at 8 examinations over 25 years. CRP was measured at 4 examinations (years 7, 15, 20, and 25). Latent class modeling was used to identify individuals with similar trajectories in CVH from young adulthood to middle age. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between race‐specific CVH trajectories and prevalence of elevated CRP levels (>3.0 mg/L) after 25 years of follow‐up. Five distinct CVH trajectories were identified for each race. Lower and decreasing trajectories had higher prevalence of elevated CRP relative to the highest trajectory. Prevalence ratios for elevated CRP in lowest trajectory groups at year 25 were 2.58 (95% CI, 1.89–3.51) and 7.20 (95% CI, 5.09–10.18) among Black and White people, respectively. Prevalence ratios for chronically elevated CRP (elevated CRP at 3 or more of the examinations) in the lowest trajectory groups were 8.37 (95% CI, 4.37–16.00) and 15.89 (95% CI, 9.01–28.02) among Black and White people, respectively. Conclusions Lower and decreasing CVH trajectories are associated with higher prevalence of elevated CRP during the transition from young adulthood to middle age.

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Abstract P194: Association of First Birth with Long-term Trajectories of Cardiovascular Health: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p194 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Uttal ◽

Donald Lloyd-Jones ◽

Hongyan Ning ◽

Norrina Allen ◽

Cora Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Class ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

First Birth ◽

Live Births ◽

Black And White ◽

Latent Class Modeling ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Pregnancy is the first major physiologic stress women will experience that may exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors. Little is known about how pregnancy impacts cardiovascular health (CVH), as defined by the AHA. We examined the effects of a first birth on trajectories of CVH in a community-based sample of biracial women. Methods: CARDIA is a longitudinal study of 5,115 black and white adults aged 18-30 years at enrollment (1985-86). CVH was defined as poor, intermediate and ideal levels of 6 of 7 available AHA factors (BMI, physical activity, smoking, blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol) assigned scores of 0, 1, and 2, respectively. A modified CVH score (CVHS) was calculated as the sum of scores from individual health factors (range 0-14; higher score=greater CVH). We employed latent-class modeling to identify distinct trajectories in CVHS over 25 years of follow up after first birth. Results: Among 1,775 baseline nulliparas (59.1% white), 888 first live births occurred. In women with ≥1 birth (Figure 1a) and with no births (Figure 1b) there were 6 distinct CVHS trajectories and most tracked over time. Trajectory patterns were similar between women with and without a birth, and select groups experienced a rapid decline in CVHS (Figure 1a: groups 1,2,5; 1b: groups 1,2,3). There is no statistically significant difference in likelihood of group membership based on number of births or exam year of first birth (1a). Conclusion: Contrary to expectation, CVHS trajectories through adulthood do not differ markedly between women with and without live births. Future analyses among subgroups at risk for longer adverse effects are being evaluated.

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Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000093 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. Earnest ◽

S. Kupper ◽

M. Thompson ◽

Guo ◽

S. Church

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Daily Ingestion

Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.

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Abstract P181: Contribution of C-Reactive Protein to Racial Disparities in Incident Hypertension: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Timothy B Plante ◽

D L Long ◽

George Howard ◽

April P Carson ◽

Virginia J Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Medication Use ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Incident Hypertension ◽

Black And White ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Stroke Study ◽

Diet Pattern ◽

The Impact

Introduction: In the US, blacks are at higher risk of hypertension than whites. The single largest contributor to this disparity is the Southern Diet pattern. Inflammation biomarkers are associated with risk of hypertension, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is higher in blacks than whites. We studied whether elevated CRP in blacks relative to whites contributes to the racial disparity in hypertension in blacks. Methods: We included 6,548 black and white men and women age ≥45 years from the REGARDS cohort without hypertension at baseline ('03-'07) and who completed visit 2 in '13-'16. Incident hypertension was defined as BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or hypertension medication use at visit 2. Using logistic regression, the black:white odds ratio (OR) for incident hypertension was calculated adjusting for age, sex, race, and baseline SBP. We assessed the percent change in the black:white OR for incident hypertension after adding CRP. The 95% CI was calculated using 1,000 bootstrapped samples. We determined the impact of known hypertension risk factors and anti-inflammatory medications on the percent mediation by CRP. Results: Hypertension developed in 46% of blacks and 33% of whites. Adjusting for demographics, the black:white OR (95% CI) was 1.51, which was reduced to 1.46, a 9.3% reduction (95% CI 5.4%, 13.2%) by CRP (Table). In models including exercise, waist circumference, BMI, and depressive symptoms, the percent mediation by CRP was 3.7% (1.0%, 6.4%). Similar patterns were seen for models incorporating socioeconomic factors and medication use. After adding Southern diet pattern and dietary Na/K ratio, CRP no longer attenuated the association (1.3% mediation; -1.5, 4.1). Conclusions: CRP significantly attenuated the black-white difference in incident hypertension; however, once dietary factors were accounted for, CRP had no impact on the black:white difference in incident hypertension. Thus, inflammation as measured by CRP, may be part of the reason that dietary factors influence the black:white disparity in incident hypertension.

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Effect of Deferent Type of Training on C-reactive protein Level in Healthy Middle Age Men

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n20p136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Mohammad Al Hindawi ◽

Majed Mjallie

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Protein Level ◽

Middle Age ◽

Exercise Program ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Type Of Exercise ◽

The University

Objective: The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of different type of exercise training on C-reactive protein level in middle age men. Methods: A total of 20 male subjects’ mean age 45±5 years were investigated at the University of Jordan Hospital to evaluate CRP level after training. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups they participated in supervise exercise training resistance and endurance exercise for 11 weeks. CRP level was measured pre-post training. Results: Mean C-reactive protein level measured before training program was 1.82 mg/L. And 1.81 mg/L for endurance and resistance groups respectively. Measurement of the CRP after the completion of the exercise program was 1.654 mg/L and 1.764 mg/L for both groups the endurance and the resistance respectively. TC was significantly reduced from 199.1 ml/dl to 176.1 ml/dl, for the endurance group and from 193.50 ml/dl to 181.60 ml/dl, for the resistance group. TG reduced significantly from 172.2 ml/dl to 161.50 ml/dl for the endurance group, and from 163.50 ml/dl to 159.20 ml/dl for the resistance group. HR at rest reduced from 79.63 b.pm to 74.47 b.pm for the endurance group, and from 77.50 b.pm to 74.6 b.pm for the resistance group. Fat % reduced significantly from 25.25 to 23.22 for the endurance group and from 23.03 to 21.60 for the resistance group. BMI reduced from 28.82 to 27.41 for the endurance group and from 27.63 to 27.40 for the resistance group.VO2max increased significantly from 37.13 to 43.30 ml.kg.min for the endurance group, and from 37.67 to 39.3 for the resistance group. HDL also increased from 46.12 mi/dl to 48.25 mi/dl for the endurance group, and increased from 42.70 mi/dl to 44.30 mi/dl for the resistance group Training gropes had lower CRP, weight, BMI, and body fat after the completion of the exercise program. Conclusions: Plasma C-reactive protein levels are reduced in response to both strength and endurance exercise training in sedentary healthy men (there was no different in the type of exercise in reducing CRP level.

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High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein may be used as a Marker for Cognitive Impairment in Obese Egyptian Middle Age Females

Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3923/ajcn.2017.17.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yusr M.I. Kazem ◽

Salwa M. El Sheb ◽

Maha I.A. Moaty ◽

Suzanne Fouad ◽

Nihad H. Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Middle Age ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

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Trajectories of Body Mass Index from Young Adulthood to Middle Age among Canadian Men and Women

Advances in Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2015/121806 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Meng Wang ◽

Yanqing Yi ◽

Barbara Roebothan ◽

Jennifer Colbourne ◽

Victor Maddalena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adulthood ◽

Low Income ◽

Latent Class ◽

Middle Age ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Physically Active ◽

Aboriginal Women ◽

Bmi Trajectories ◽

Bmi Trajectory

Knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of BMI trajectories is limited for the Canadian population. Using latent class growth modelling, four distinct BMI trajectories of individuals from young adulthood to middle age were identified for both women and men from the longitudinal data of the National Population Health Survey. The associations between BMI trajectories and the individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural factors were also examined. Aboriginal women were found more likely to be in the long-term overweight or obese groups. It reveals that increased years of smoking, drinking, and being physically active were associated with lowering the BMI trajectory in all groups for both women and men, with some exceptions in the long-term normal weight group for men. Increased years of rural living, being employed, and living with low income were associated with raising the BMI trajectory in all groups for women and in some groups for men. Food insecurity was associated with raising the BMI trajectory in each group for both women and men.

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