Abstract TP380: Change in the Medication Behavior During One Year After Stroke in Patients With Initial Mild Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akie Kobayashi ◽  
Takako Ichihara ◽  
Ayako Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Values ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Patients with stroke often stop medication for the prevention. Medication behavior is mainly composed the medication compliance and understanding of the medication. The purpose of this study was to assess change in the medication behavior during one year after initial stroke, and to identify the correlation between medication compliance and understanding of the medication in patients with mild ischemic stroke. Methods: Thirty-one patients with initial mild ischemic stroke were prospectively recruited. Two types of self-reported questionnaires (Medication compliance questionnaires, Understanding of medication questionnaires) were applied at admission (baseline) and 1 year after stroke respectively. Understanding of medication questionnaires contained 4 factors; “motivation”, “capacity”, “understanding” and “drug cost” for the medication. Change in the medication was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The correlation between the medication compliance and understanding of medication were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation. The p-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the patients who agreed to participate in this study, 71% were males and 29% were females, with the average age of 66.0±8.4. Lacunar was the most common type of stroke among those patients. Their scores of medication compliance at 1 year after stroke were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to those in the baseline. Their scores of understanding of medication“the drug cost burden” were also significantly increased (p<0.05).At baseline, there was significant correlation between medication compliance and understanding of medication“hassle for taking medicine”(ρ=0.464,p<0.01 ),“simple medication ” (ρ=0.528,p<0.01 ).At 1 year after stroke, there was significant correlation between medication compliance and understanding of medication“hassle for taking medicine” (ρ=0.381,p<0.05). Conclusions: These data suggest that the estimation of drug cost and hassle for medication primarily affects the medication compliance. Nurses need to focus on not only the medication compliance but also the motion and cognitive function.

scholarly journals Self-relation of persons with different attitudes to the physical “I” in terms of students of different sexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Vera N. Kleva ◽  
Valentina S. Chernyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Psychological Counselling ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

The article substantiates the factors of self-attitude of persons with different attitudes to the physical “Iˮ. The study involved 80 people – students of economic and psychological fields of training, 52 girls and 28 boys. The average age is 19.7 years. Existence of differences in the self-attitude of young men and girls to their physical “Iˮ is proved – young men are more positive about their physical “Iˮ, are characterised by a higher level of self-attitude, than girls. It is proved that the indicators of self-attitude and attitude to one's physical self are closely interrelated in female students. The study was conducted using theoretical analysis, as well as methods – the test questionnaire “Self-relationsˮ by Vladimir Stolin and Sergey Panteleyev; the methodology “Self-relation to the image of the physical Selfˮ by Anna Cherkashina; the questionnaire “Evaluative content interpretation of the components of the external appearance by Vera Labunskaya and Yelena Belugina; as well as the method of associative experiment. Statistical methods of data processing – nonparametric measures (Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) – were used. The results showed that women's attitudes about themselves are based on attitudes about their physical “Self” (face, body, clothing, physical appearance). The results of the study can be used in psychological counselling for people with different attitudes towards the physical “Self”.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DETERMINANTS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONE VERSUS ONE SMALL-SIDED GAMES IN SOCCER PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (82) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Janusz Jaworski ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Dariusz Tchórzewski ◽  
Krzysztof Durlik
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Functional Profiles

Aim. The aim of this report is to identify variables determining the effectiveness of small football games at subsequent stages of training. Material and Methods. The study material comprised the results of tests conducted among 42 football players who were assigned to 3 categories: youngsters, younger juniors and seniors. The scope of the study included basic somatic features, selected motor skills tests and specific coordination tests of motor skills recommended for football players. Detailed correlation matrices were calculated using Spearman’s signed-rank test between all the analysed variables and the overall game perforance index (OPI). For each training group, morpho-functional profiles were calculated taking variables from previous analyses into account. Variables forming the structure of these models were normalised on the T scale. Results. 11 statistically significant Spearman’s signed-rank correlation coefficients were obtained between game performance indices and the analysed variables. In the 3 training groups of football players, considerable diversity of the internal structure of morpho-functional models was noted. In the group of juniors and seniors, differentiation between features was 1.2 of standard deviation. Conclusions. In terms of fitness, the influence of circulatory-respiratory endurance and speed ability on the indicator of overall performance for the seniors’ game was noted. In turn, taking the neuro-functional side of the players’ motor ability into account, correlations with the effectiveness of the game were mainly found within the ability of balance, kinesthetic differentiation and motor adaptation. Such regularities mainly refer to the youngsters and younger juniors.

Alterations of Serum Osteocalcin Levels in Patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Wen-Bo Wei ◽  
Sha-Jie Dang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Zong-Zhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Background Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a paediatric form of osteonecrosis that ultimately heals but will cause femoral head and acetabular deformities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the early serum measurement of osteocalcin in children with femoral head necrosis compared with that of healthy children. Methods 20 patients with LCPD (4 girls and 16 boys) and 20 healthy volunteers (5 girls and 15 boys) were enrolled. All patients did not have additional treatment. Blood samples were obtained from all patients pre-operatively in the morning. All cases had hip radiographs. The serum levels of osteocalcin comparisons between the LCPD patients and the healthy volunteers were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Spearman rank correlation was used to assess correlation between LCPD grade and serum osteocalcin levels. Significance was set at p = 0.05. Results The 20 patients with LCPD (72.75 ± 24.92 ng/ml) had significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels compared with the healthy group (16.80 ± 4.04 ng/ml) (p≤0.01). Serum osteocalcin levels of different LCPD grades were significantly different (Spearman's p = 0.540, p = 0.014). Conclusions We observed a significant correlation between serum osteocalcin levels and LCPD. These results may be meaningful in clinical practice and to future studies.

scholarly journals Self-Isolation Due to COVID-19 Is Linked to Small One-Year Changes in Depression, Sleepiness, and Insomnia: Results from a Clinic for Sleep Disorders in Shiga Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8971
Author(s):  
Ayaka Ubara ◽  
Yukiyoshi Sumi ◽  
Kazuki Ito ◽  
Arichika Matsuda ◽  
Masahiro Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Athens Insomnia Scale ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
One Year

We aimed to analyze (a) the changes in depression, sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep habits in relation to the degree of self-isolation and (b) the effects of changes in sleep habits and social interactions on depression, insomnia, and sleepiness during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We enrolled 164 patients who visited the sleep outpatient clinic in Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital. We compared the sleep habits, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: PHQ-9), insomnia (Athens Insomnia Scale: AIS), and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale: ESS) of patients during the period from April to July 2019 vs. May 2020 (a period of self-isolation due to COVID-19). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated no significant differences in PHQ-9, ESS, and AIS scores between 2019 and 2020 within both the strong self-isolation group and no/little self-isolation group. With respect to sleep habits, earlier bedtime (p = 0.006) and increased sleep duration (p = 0.014) were found in the strong self-isolation group. The former (p = 0.009) was also found in the no/little self-isolation group, but we found significant differences in sleep duration between the no/little self-isolation group and the strong self-isolation group (p = 0.047). Therefore, self-isolation due to COVID-19 had relatively small one-year effects on depression, sleepiness, and insomnia in a clinical population.

Reliability and Reproducibility of the Diameters Method in Rapid Determination of Acute Infarct Volume in Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoQing Cheng ◽  
QuanHui Liu ◽  
JiaQian Shi ◽  
ChangSheng Zhou ◽  
XiaoQin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Bland Altman Plot ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In acute ischemic stroke, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) volume is an independent predictive factor of poor outcome and an exclusion criterion for thrombolytic treatment. A simplified diameters method (ABC/2, orthogonal diameter [OD], and the maximum diameter [MD]) was proposed to replace the conventional measuring method and overcome the tedious and time-consuming defects, but its accuracy remains to be determined. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study is to clarify the reliability and reproducibility of the diameter-based estimations in the infarct volume in DWI (Vol-DWI) measured by automated software. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data of 316 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MRI within 72 h at Jinling Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Subgroup analysis by the location (cortex, white matter and deep gray nuclei, and combined) and volume (&#x3c;70 and &#x3e;70 mL) of cerebral infarction was evaluated. Relationship and consistency between the diameters methods and Vol-DWI were determined using Spearman rank correlation, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Bland-Altman plots. The OD and MD thresholds indicating infarct size &#x3e;15, 70, and 100 mL were determined by generating receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Interobserver reliability was established using intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a strong positive correlation between the diameters and the Vol-DWI (ABC/2: <i>r</i> = 0.992, OD: <i>r</i> = 0.984, MD: <i>r</i> = 0.970, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Infarct volumes measured using the ABC/2 formula were significantly lower than those measured with Vol-DWI (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, <i>z</i> = 6.476, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Bland-Altman plot showed that the agreement of the volume &#x3c;70 mL group, and white matter and deep gray nuclei groups was better than that of the other subgroups. For infarct volumes &#x3e;15, 70, and 100 mL, the cutoff value for the MD was identified at 5, 6.9, and 8.4 cm, and the OD was identified at 12.47, 26.4, and 36.4 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity &#x3e;90%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The MD method was the best for achieving a rapid and excellent interobserver reliability for estimating infarct volume. Both OD and MD methods can quickly screen patients suitable for recanalization treatment and predict poor prognosis through threshold evaluation.

scholarly journals Invisalign and Traditional Orthodontic Treatment Postretention Outcomes Compared Using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kuncio ◽  
Anthony Maganzini ◽  
Clarence Shelton ◽  
Katherine Freeman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Grading System ◽  
American Board Of Orthodontics ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Objective Grading System ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
One Year

Abstract Objective: To compare the postretention dental changes between patients treated with Invisalign and those treated with conventional fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: This is a comparative cohort study using patient records of one orthodontist in New York City. Two groups of patients were identified that differed only in the method of treatment (Invisalign and Braces group). Dental casts and panoramic radiographs were collected and analyzed using the objective grading system (OGS) of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). The cases were evaluated immediately after appliance removal (T1) and at a postretention time (T2), three years after appliance removal. All patients had completed active orthodontic treatment and had undergone at least one year of retention. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to evaluate differences in treatment outcomes between the groups for each of the eight categories in the OGS, including four additional subcategories in the alignment category. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine the significance of changes within each group from T1 to T2. Results: The change in the total alignment score in the Invisalign group was significantly larger than that for the Braces group. There were significant changes in total alignment and mandibular anterior alignment in both groups. There were significant changes in maxillary anterior alignment in the Invisalign group only. Conclusions: In this sample for this period of observation, patients treated with Invisalign relapsed more than those treated with conventional fixed appliances.

scholarly journals Factors of Demand for Cultural Events in Tourism: the Case of the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
L. Kmeco ◽  
J. Mezulanik ◽  
A. Kascakova ◽  
M. Civelek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Signed Rank Test

The main purpose of the research is to examine selected demand factors for cultural events in tourism in the Czech Republic. Eight hypotheses are formulated. The primary research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire. There were 1666 respondents interviewed in various tourist destinations in the Czech Republic. While testing the hypotheses the Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient are used. We confirm the hypotheses that the residents of the Czech Republic think that cultural events are organized more frequently than sports events, shopping events (e.g. markets, trades), exhibitions and fairs, and religious events in the Czech Republic, the motives for participation in cultural events are mainly experience and entertainment, women more often participate in cultural events than men, men more often attend sports events than women, and people take the greatest pleasure to participate in cultural events and not in the other events (sports events, shopping events, exhibitions and fairs, and religious events). We reject the hypotheses that summer is the best season for organizing events, that families are more likely to participate in cultural events than single people or people with friends, and that advertising in mass media has the greatest influence on the decision to visit cultural events. The benefit of the paper is to focus the research on a new area of tourism development in the Czech Republic – organizing events at tourist destinations and trying to reveal the impact of various factors on demand for cultural events. Organization of events in tourism is a relatively large area, therefore, it opens further possibilities of exploring this issue in terms of the organized events' impact on tourist destinations, the offering of organized events, managing organized events. Keywords: cultural events, exhibitions, fairs, Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, shopping events, sports events, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

scholarly journals On zeroes in sign and signed rank tests

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Dey ◽  
Justin Manjourides ◽  
Ronald H Randles
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Methods ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
P Values ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Signed Rank Test

When zeroes (or ties within pairs) occur in data being analyzed with a sign test or a signed rank test, nonparametric methods textbooks and software consistently recommend that the zeroes be deleted and the data analyzed as though zeroes did not exist. This advice is not consistent with the objectives of the majority of applications. In most settings a better approach would be to view the tests as testing hypotheses about a population median. There are relatively simple p-values available that are consistent with this viewpoint of the tests. These methods produce tests with good properties for testing a different (often more appropriate) set of hypotheses than those addressed by tests that delete the zeroes.

scholarly journals Changes in Antipsychotic Medication in Clients of Assertive Community Treatment in Japan: A One-Year Follow Up

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Satake ◽  
Kyoko Hazama ◽  
Tamaki Sono ◽  
Makoto Takahashi ◽  
Junichiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Assertive Community Treatment ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
One Year

The purpose of the present one-year follow-up study was to describe and investigate the change in the amount of antipsychotic drugs prescribed for ACT (assertive community treatment) clients in Japan. Subjects were 52 clients of ACT from January 2009 to December 2009. Prescription data were collected each month from the time the clients entered into ACT. The results of a Wilcoxon signed-rank test show that the dosage of antipsychotics significantly decreased from 1,131.3 mg to 731.3 mg over the course of the 12 months (Z = -2.505, p = 0.012).

scholarly journals Η διάκριση της ομιλίας σε βαρήκοα - κωφά άτομα με κοχλιακό εμφύτευμα

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωάννης Γεραμάς
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
P Values ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Glasgow Benefit Inventory ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Auditory Performance

Σκοπός μελέτης. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η αξιολόγηση της ακουστικής ανίχνευσης και αντίληψης των βαρήκοων - κωφών ασθενών μετά την κοχλιακή εμφύτευση.Υλικό και μέθοδος. Στην παρούσα μελέτη εξετάστηκαν 123 τυχαιοποιημένοι ασθενείς (57 άνδρες και 66 γυναίκες ηλικίας από 6 μέχρι και 82 ετών) οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν σε 4 κατηγορίες:Κατηγορία I: ενήλικες μεταγλωσσικά βαρήκοοι - κωφοί Κατηγορία II: παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας από 6 έως 16 ετώνΚατηγορία III: παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας από 6 έως 16 ετών με συνοδά νευρολογικά προβλήματαΚατηγορία IV: ενήλικες προγλωσσικά βαρήκοοι - κωφοί, που υποβλήθηκαν σε κοχλιακή εμφύτευση αργότερα, οι οποίοι πριν το χειρουργείο χρησιμοποιούσαν κάποιο ακουστικό βοήθημα, κάνοντας χρήση του προφορικού λόγου Όλοι οι εξεταζόμενοι είχαν υποβληθεί σε κοχλιακή εμφύτευση τουλάχιστον δύο χρόνια πριν από την ημερομηνία εξέτασης τόσο στο Κέντρο Κοχλιακών Εμφυτεύσεων της Β’ ΩΡΛ Πανεπιστημιακής Κλινικής του Νοσοκομείου “ΑΤΤΙΚΟΝ” όσο και στην Α’ Πανεπιστημιακή ΩΡΛ Κλινική του Νοσοκομείου “ΑΧΕΠΑ”. Για τη διεξαγωγή των μετρήσεων στην παρούσα μελέτη χρησιμοποιήσαμε την τονική ακοομετρία ελευθέρου πεδίου, τη δοκιμασία διάκρισης δισύλλαβων λέξεων / προτάσεων της ομιλητικής ακοομετρίας στην ελληνική γλώσσα (με τη χρήση ψηφιακού δίσκου και ζωντανά με τη βοήθεια λογοθεραπευτή) σε ένταση ακρόασης 65 dB HL. Για την καταγραφή της πραγματικής συνεισφοράς του κοχλιακού εμφυτεύματος στην καθημερινή ζωή των ασθενών μας μετά το χειρουργείο, χρησιμοποιήσαμε τα ειδικά ερωτηματολόγια CAP test (Categories of Auditory Performance) και GBI test (Glasgow Benefit Inventory). Αποτελέσματα. Στην κατηγορία Ι εξετάσαμε 29 ασθενείς. Ο μέσος όρος ανίχνευσης του ήχου στο τονικό ακοόγραμμα ελευθέρου πεδίου ήταν 26 dB HL και το ποσοστό διάκρισης λέξεων / προτάσεων στη δοκιμασία της ομιλητικής ακοομετρίας ήταν 87,72% / 82,55% (όταν τα σενάρια δίνονταν από τον ψηφιακό δίσκο) και 95,66% / 95,45% (όταν εκφωνούνταν ζωντανά από τη λογοθεραπεύτρια της ομάδας). Ομοίως οι μετρήσεις CAP μετά το χειρουργείο είχαν βελτιωθεί σημαντικά (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p - value < 0.001) από το επίπεδο ΙΙ στο επίπεδο VII όπως και o δείκτης οφέλους της Γλασκόβης (+47,88).Στην κατηγορία ΙΙ εξετάσαμε συνολικά 60 ασθενείς. Ο μέσος όρος ανίχνευσης του ήχου ήταν 21dB HL και το ποσοστό επιτυχίας στη διάκριση λέξεων / προτάσεων: 88% / 84,88% και 94,5% / 92,1%. αντίστοιχα. Οι μετρήσεις CAP μετά το χειρουργείο εμφάνισαν και αυτές σημαντική βελτίωση (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p - value < 0.001) από το επίπεδο Ι στο επίπεδο VII όπως και ο δείκτης οφέλους της Γλασκόβης (+51,47).Στην κατηγορία ΙΙΙ εξετάσαμε 20 ασθενείς. Ο μέσος όρος ανίχνευσης του ήχου 24dB HL και το ποσοστό διάκρισης των λέξεων / προτάσεων: 56,6% / 48,8% και 70,35% / 55,95% αντίστοιχα. Οι μετρήσεις CAP (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p - value < 0.001) μετά το χειρουργείο εμφάνισαν σημαντική βελτίωση από το επίπεδο 0 στο επίπεδο V όπως και o δείκτης οφέλους της Γλασκόβης (+41,52).Στην κατηγορία IV εξετάσαμε 14 ασθενείς. Ο μέσος όρος ανίχνευσης του ήχου 26dB HL και ποσοστό διάκρισης των λέξεων / προτάσεων: 45,14% / 33,64% και 60,57% / 51,29% αντίστοιχα. Οι μετρήσεις CAP (paired samples t-test, p - value < 0.001) μετά το χειρουργείο είχαν βελτιωθεί από το επίπεδο ΙI στο επίπεδο VI ενώ o δείκτης οφέλους της Γλασκόβης (GBI test) μετά τη χειρουργική επέμβαση παρουσίασε και αυτός θετική μεταβολή (+44,63).ΣυμπέρασμαΤο συμπέρασμα που προκύπτει από την παρούσα μελέτη αφορά τη σημαντική βελτίωση των όλων των κατηγοριών των εξεταζόμενων (σε επίπεδο σημαντικότητας 5%) τόσο στη δοκιμασία του τονικού ακοογράμματος ελευθέρου πεδίου (p-values < 0.001, τιμές ακοομετρικού διαγράμματος > 90 dB HL πριν από το χειρουργείο) όσο και στη δοκιμασία της ομιλητικής ακοομετρίας (p-values < 0.001, ποσοστό ακουστικής διάκρισης < 40% πριν από το χειρουργείο). Την καλύτερη διάκριση της ομιλίας φαίνεται να εμφανίζουν τα παιδιά της κατηγορίας ΙΙ μαζί με τους ενήλικες της κατηγορίας Ι (καθώς τα αντίστοιχα p values ήταν μικρότερα από 0,05). Αντίθετα οι εξεταζόμενοι της κατηγορίας ΙΙΙ και IV δεν είχαν ανάλογα αποτελέσματα (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Αυτό μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί από το γεγονός ότι οι μεν ασθενείς της κατηγορίας IV συνέχισαν να χρησιμοποιούν μετά το χειρουργείο τη νοηματική γλωσσά, ενώ οι ασθενείς της κατηγορίας ΙΙΙ είχαν καθυστερημένη λεκτική πρόοδο λόγω των συνοδών νευρολογικών προβλημάτων. Εντούτοις από το ερωτηματολόγιο CAP test (p-values < 0.001) προκύπτει ότι η ακουστική ικανότητα των κωφών ασθενών που συμμετείχαν στην μελέτη μας, ανεξαρτήτου κατηγορίας, παρουσίασε σημαντική βελτίωση μετά το χειρουργείο του κοχλιακού εμφυτεύματος. Όλοι οι παραπάνω εξεταζόμενοι επίσης επιβεβαίωσαν τη θετική επίδραση της επέμβασης στην ποιότητα της ζωής τους (p-value = 0.183 > 0.05), σύμφωνα με το ερωτηματολόγιο GBI test

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