Abstract 95: Nutrition and Cognitive Decline Over 21-years: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Dearborn ◽  
Aozhou Wu ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
David S Knopman ◽  
Thomas H Mosley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diet Pattern

Background: A healthy diet may be protective against cognitive decline by mechanisms that involve improved vascular risk factors such as hypertension and dysglycemia, and reduced systemic inflammation. In this population-based study, we hypothesized that midlife diet pattern would be associated with cognitive decline over 21-years. Methods: This study included 13,603 participants in the ARIC population-based cohort recruited from four U.S. sites who were aged 45 to 64 at baseline (1987-89) when diet was measured. Participants recorded diet using a 66-item food frequency questionnaire. Two dietary patterns, called “Meat and Fried” and the “Balanced Diet”, were named after the most representative foods that emerged from constructs derived from a principal component analysis of 30 food groups. A higher diet pattern score represented greater adherence. Cognitive testing, including the digit symbol substitution, the word fluency and delayed word recall tests, were combined to a z-score at each visit (visits 2, 1990-92; 4, 1996-98 and 5, 2011-2013). Test scores for participants not attending subsequent visits were imputed using Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations to account for cohort attrition. Cognitive performance at visit 2 was compared by tertile (T) of each diet pattern. Using mixed effects models with a random slope and intercept , we determined the 21-year change in cognitive function by diet pattern tertile, adjusting for demographics and medical history. Results: At visit 2, adherence to the Meat and Fried pattern was associated with lower cognitive test scores (z-score T3: -0.172, SD 0.985; T1: 0.149, SD 0.981, p-trend <0.001). Adherence to the Balanced Diet was not associated with differences in cognitive performance (z-score T3: 0.013, SD 0.988; T1 -0.036, SD 1.001, p-trend 0.10). 21-year change in cognitive function did not differ by adherence to diet pattern with adjustments (difference of the change in z-score for Meat and Fried, T3 vs. T1: 0.02, [CI -0.05 to 0.08]; Balanced Diet T3 vs. T1: -0.03, [CI -0.09 to 0.02]). Conclusion: Although participants with a diet pattern high in meat and fried foods had lower cognition at time of first assessment, diet patterns at midlife did not carry independent associations with cognitive decline.

Abstract P217: Parathyroid Hormone is Not Independently Associated With Cognitive Decline: 20 Year Follow-up From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M Kim ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Andrea L Schneider ◽  
Sai Krishna Korada ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Little is known about the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in cognitive decline. Elevated PTH may contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia by mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, as well as via small vessel cerebral disease. We hypothesized that elevated PTH levels will be independently associated with 20-year cognitive decline in a large population-based cohort study. Methods: We studied 12,964 middle-aged white and black ARIC participants without history of prior stroke who had serum PTH levels and cognitive function testing measured in 1990-92 (baseline) and repeat cognitive testing at up to 2 follow-up visits in 1996-98 and 2011-13. The cognitive tests included the Delayed Word Recall, Digit Symbol Substitution, and Word Fluency tests, which were summed as a global z score. Using mixed-effects models, we compared the relative decline in global cognitive score between each of the top three quartiles of PTH levels to the reference bottom quartile. Time since baseline was modeled by using a linear spline with a knot at 6 years. We adjusted for demographic variables, education, vascular risk factors, and calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D levels. We imputed missing covariates and follow-up cognitive data using multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) methods to account for attrition during study follow-up. Results: The mean (SD) age of our cohort was 57(6) years, 57% were women, and 24% black race. There was no cross-sectional association of elevated PTH with cognitive global Z score at baseline (all p>0.05). Over a median of 20.7 years, participants in each PTH quartile showed decline in cognitive function ( Table Part A ). However, cognitive decline was not steeper in participants with PTH levels in the higher quartiles than participants with the lowest PTH levels (all p>0.05). [ Table Part B ]. Conclusions: Our work does not support an independent influence of PTH on cognitive decline in this biracial population-based cohort study.

scholarly journals Hypertension, Prehypertension, and Hypertension Control

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-681
Author(s):  
Sara Teles de Menezes ◽  
Luana Giatti ◽  
Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant ◽  
Rosane Harter Griep ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Score

Hypertension, particularly in middle age, has been associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence is inconclusive. This study investigated whether hypertension, prehypertension, age, and duration of diagnosis, as well as blood pressure control, are associated with a decline in cognitive performance in ELSA-Brasil participants. This longitudinal study included 7063 participants, mean age 58.9 years at baseline (2008–2010), who attended visit 2 (2012–2014). Cognitive performance was measured in both visits and evaluated by the standardized scores of the memory, verbal fluency, trail B tests, and global cognitive score. The associations were investigated using linear mixed models. Hypertension and prehypertension at baseline were associated with decline in global cognitive score; being hypertension associated with reduction in memory test; and prehypertension with reduction in fluency test. Hypertension diagnose ≥55 years was associated with lower global cognitive and memory test scores, and hypertension diagnose <55 years with lower memory test scores. Duration of hypertension diagnoses was not associated with any marker of cognitive function decline. Among treated individuals, blood pressure control at baseline was inversely associated with the decline in both global cognitive and memory test scores. In this relatively young cohort, hypertension, prehypertension, and blood pressure control were independent predictors of cognitive decline in distinct abilities. Our findings suggest that both lower and older age of hypertension, but not duration of diagnosis, were associated with cognitive decline in different abilities. In addition to hypertension, prehypertension and pressure control might be critical for the preservation of cognitive function.

scholarly journals Association of parathyroid hormone with 20-year cognitive decline

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 918-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Kim ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Andrea L.C. Schneider ◽  
Sai Krishna Korada ◽  
Pamela L. Lutsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective:We hypothesized that elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels will be independently associated with 20-year cognitive decline in a large population-based cohort.Methods:We studied 12,964 middle-aged white and black ARIC participants without a history of prior stroke who, in 1990–1992 (baseline), had serum PTH levels measured and cognitive function testing, with repeat cognitive testing performed at up to 2 follow-up visits. Cognitive testing included the Delayed Word Recall, the Digit Symbol Substitution, and the Word Fluency tests, which were summed as a globalZscore. Using mixed-effects models, we compared the relative decline in individual and global cognitive scores between each of the top 3 quartiles of PTH levels to the reference bottom quartile. We adjusted for demographic variables, education, vascular risk factors, and levels of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D. We imputed missing covariate and follow-up cognitive data to account for attrition.Results:The mean (SD) age of our cohort was 57 (6) years, 57% were women, and 24% were black. There was no cross-sectional association of elevated PTH with cognitive globalZscore at baseline (p> 0.05). Over a median of 20.7 years, participants in each PTH quartile showed a decline in cognitive function. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive decline between each of the top 3 quartiles and the lowest reference quartile (p> 0.05). In a subset, there was also no association of higher mid-life PTH levels with late-life prevalent adjudicated dementia (p> 0.05).Conclusions:Our work does not support an independent influence of PTH on cognitive decline in this population-based cohort study.

scholarly journals Cognitive trajectories from infancy to early adulthood following birth before 26 weeks of gestation: a prospective, population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Linsell ◽  
Samantha Johnson ◽  
Dieter Wolke ◽  
Helen O’Reilly ◽  
Joan K Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Extremely Preterm

ObjectiveTo determine the trajectory of cognitive test scores from infancy to adulthood in individuals born extremely preterm compared with term-born individuals.DesignA prospective, population-based cohort study.Setting276 maternity units in the UK and Ireland.Patients315 surviving infants born less than 26 completed weeks of gestation recruited at birth in 1995 and 160 term-born classroom controls recruited at age 6.Main outcome measuresBayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition (age 2.5); Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (ages 6/11); Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (age 19).ResultsThe mean cognitive scores of extremely preterm individuals over the period were on average 25.2 points below their term-born peers (95% CI −27.8 to −22.6) and remained significantly lower at every assessment. Cognitive trajectories in term-born boys and girls did not differ significantly, but the scores of extremely preterm boys were on average 8.8 points below those of extremely preterm girls (95% CI −13.6 to −4.0). Higher maternal education elevated scores in both groups by 3.2 points (95% CI 0.8 to 5.7). Within the extremely preterm group, moderate/severe neonatal brain injury (mean difference: −10.9, 95% CI −15.5 to −6.3) and gestational age less than 25 weeks (mean difference: −4.4, 95% CI −8.4 to −0.4) also had an adverse impact on cognitive function.ConclusionsThere is no evidence that impaired cognitive function in extremely preterm individuals materially recovers or deteriorates from infancy through to 19 years. Cognitive test scores in infancy and early childhood reflect early adult outcomes.

scholarly journals Resting heart rate variability as a possible marker of cognitive decline

Kinesiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Bernhard Grässler ◽  
Anita Hökelmann ◽  
Richard Halti Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Test

Cognition is a major subject to be addressed nowadays due to the increasing number of cognitively affected people in most societies. Because of a lack of pharmaceutical therapies treating cognitive decline, its indicators should be diagnosed before it becomes prevalent. Scientific evidence indicates a relationship between cognition and the nervous system, especially its autonomic part. Heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of the autonomic nervous system functioning has been studied as a biological marker for the evaluation of cognitive performance. Therefore, HRV is a possible indicator of cognitive impairment. The aim was to provide a systematic literature review about the association between resting HRV and the cognitive performance. Five cognitive functions were analysed separately: executive functions, memory and learning, language abilities, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Furthermore, the global cognitive function evaluated with cognitive test batteries was considered too. An electronic database search was conducted with five databases. Three search fields comprised HRV, cognitive performance, and adult subjects. The final dataset consisted of 27 articles. Significant correlations in each cognitive function were found, except for processing speed, suggesting a positive association between resting HRV and cognitive performance. Mechanisms underlying this association between cardiovascular health and cognition are discussed. For the future, HRV could be used in diagnostics as an indicator of cognitive impairment before symptoms of dementia get apparent. With a timely diagnosis, preventative tools could be initiated at an early stage of dementia.

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 291-291
Author(s):  
Vanessa Taler ◽  
Cassandra Morrison ◽  
Christine Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
Word Finding

Abstract Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to a perceived decline in cognitive function in the absence of neuropsychological deficits. Older adults with SCD are at increased of subsequent development of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. We had 224 adults aged 65+ complete questionnaires assessing their subjective appraisal of their cognitive function, including questions about word-finding difficulty, memory, and attention/concentration. Participants also completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). All participants exhibited cognitive performance that was within normal limits for age and education. In total, 29.5% of participants reported word-finding difficulties, 16.5% reported difficulties with remembering things, and 8.5% reported difficulties with attention/concentration. We found that (1) self-reported word-finding difficulties were associated with lower performance on delayed word recall, and (2) self-reported difficulties in concentration/attention or memory were associated with lower performance on the abstraction subtask in the MoCA. No other MoCA subtasks were associated with self-reported cognitive function. A subset of the participants (n=69) also completed a battery of tasks assessing semantic function, including picture naming, associative matching tasks, identification of semantic features, and semantic questions. Again, self-reported word-finding difficulty predicted lower performance on semantic tasks. These results suggest that older adults may be aware of changes in their cognitive performance prior to objective neuropsychological impairment. Moreover, their awareness appears to be domain-specific: self-reported language difficulty is associated with lower performance on language-based tasks, while self-reported difficulty in memory, attention, or concentration is associated with lower performance on an abstraction task.

scholarly journals Effects of between-person differences and within-person changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression on older age cognitive performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1350-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Laukka ◽  
D. Dykiert ◽  
M. Allerhand ◽  
J. M. Starr ◽  
I. J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are both important correlates of cognitive function. However, longitudinal studies investigating how they covary with cognition within the same individual are scarce. We aimed to simultaneously estimate associations of between-person differences and within-person variability in anxiety and depression with cognitive performance in a sample of non-demented older people.MethodsParticipants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 study, a population-based narrow-age sample (mean age at wave 1 = 79 years, n = 535), were examined on five occasions across 13 years. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and cognitive performance was assessed with tests of reasoning, logical memory, and letter fluency. Data were analyzed using two-level linear mixed-effects models with within-person centering.ResultsDivergent patterns were observed for anxiety and depression. For anxiety, between-person differences were more influential; people who scored higher on HADS anxiety relative to other same-aged individuals demonstrated poorer cognitive performance on average. For depression, on the other hand, time-varying within-person differences were more important; scoring higher than usual on HADS depression was associated with poorer cognitive performance relative to the average level for that participant. Adjusting for gender, childhood mental ability, emotional stability, and disease burden attenuated these associations.ConclusionsThe results from this study highlight the importance of addressing both between- and within-person effects of negative mood and suggest that anxiety and depression affect cognitive function in different ways. The current findings have implications for assessment and treatment of older age cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic position in childhood and cognitive aging in Europe

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (17) ◽  
pp. e1602-e1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Cermakova ◽  
Tomas Formanek ◽  
Anna Kagstrom ◽  
Petr Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Rate Of Decline

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood has an effect on the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline in older adults.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of individuals enrolled in a multicenter population-based study, SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Interviews were conducted in 6 waves at approximately 2-year intervals and included examinations of cognitive performance (memory, verbal fluency, delayed recall) and measurements of childhood SEP (participants' household characteristics at the age of 10 years). We estimated the associations of SEP with the level of cognitive performance using linear regression and the relation to the rate of cognitive decline with mixed-effects models.ResultsThis study included 20,244 participants from 16 European countries (median age at baseline 71 years, 54% women). Adverse childhood SEP was associated with a lower level of baseline cognitive performance. This association was attenuated after adjustment for clinical and social risk factors but remained statistically significant. Childhood SEP was not related to the rate of cognitive decline.ConclusionsVariation in childhood SEP helps to explain differences in cognitive performance between older people, but not the rate of decline from their previous level of cognition. Strategies to protect cognitive aging should be applied early in life.

scholarly journals Efficacy of tablet-based applications for mental training in preserving cognitive abilities of older adults

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Marcello Maria Turconi ◽  
Filomena Vella ◽  
Francesco Mosetti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and aims: Nonpathological, age-related cognitive decline is among the most feared consequences of aging. Evidence suggests that the continued use of mental abilities can slow down cognitive decline. We developed two tablet-based applications for the mental training (ElasticaMente) and social interaction/entertainment (iNonni) of older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate their effect on cognitive performance.Materials and methods: This was an exploratory study of 8 months duration. Sixty healthy residents of a senior community center aged ≥60 years were recruited and divided into three groups: participants in Groups 1 and 2 received a tablet with ElasticaMente and iNonni (Group 1, n = 20) or with iNonni only (Group 2, n = 20); participants in Group 3 (n = 20) did not receive any tablet. Participants in Groups 1 and 2 were instructed to use the applications three times a week (each session ~45 minutes). Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline (T0) and after 8 months (T1) using a battery of six validated tests.Results: In Group 1, cognitive test scores remained consistently stable from T0 to T1, suggesting maintenance of cognitive abilities. In contrast, in Groups 2 and 3, scores worsened from T0 to T1 across all tests. Comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 revealed statistical significance for Group 1 versus Group 3, but not for Group 1 versus Group 2 and Group 2 versus Group 3.Conclusion: The 8 months use of the applications ElasticaMente and iNonni was associated with a significant benefit in terms of preserved cognitive performance compared with no tablet-based activity. The potential contribution of ElasticaMente to the attenuation of cognitive decline should be further investigated.

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