Abstract P609: Restarting Anticoagulant Therapy After Intracranial Hemorrhage With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hoon Shin ◽  
Jaehun Jung ◽  
Gi Hwan Bae
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hemorrhagic Events ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) should be treated with anticoagulants to prevent stroke and systemic embolism. Resuming anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a clinical conundrum. The absence of evidence-based guidelines to address this issue has led to wide variations in restarting anticoagulation after ICH. This study aimed to evaluate the risks and benefits of anticoagulation therapy on all-cause mortality, severe thromboembolism, and severe hemorrhage and compare the effect of novel direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with warfarin on post-ICH mortality in patients with AF. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using health insurance claim data obtained between 2002 and 2017 from individuals with newly developed ICH with comorbid AF. We excluded participants aged < 40 years and those with traumatic ICH, subdural hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were severe thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and non-users were analyzed for survival with propensity score matching. Results: Among 6735 participants, 1743 (25.9%) and 1690 (25.1%) used anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, respectively. Anticoagulant (HR, 0.321; 95% CI, 0.264-0.390; P < 0.0001) or antiplatelet users (HR, 0.393; 95% CI, 0.330-0.468; P < 0.0001) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than non-users. However, there was no difference between the two drug users (HR, 1.183; 95% CI, 0.94-1.487; P = 0.152; reference: anticoagulant). The risk of acute thrombotic events, although not hemorrhagic events, was significantly lower in anticoagulant users than in antiplatelet users. In addition, anticoagulation between 6 to 8 weeks post-ICH showed a tendency of the lowest risk of death. Further, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than warfarin. Conclusions: Our results showed that in patients with AF, resuming anticoagulants between 6 and 8 weeks after ICH improved all-cause mortality, severe thromboembolism, and severe hemorrhage. Further, compared with warfarin, NOAC had additional benefits.

Cardiac rehabilitation and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Buckley ◽  
S Harrison ◽  
E Fazio-Eynullayeva ◽  
P Underhill ◽  
R Sankaranarayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Despite the benefits of exercise training in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, there are conflicting findings for the impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on mortality for patients with heart failure (HF). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted which utilised a global federated health research network. Patients with a diagnosis of HF were compared between those with and without an electronic medical record of exercise-based CR within 6-months of a HF diagnosis. Patients with HF undergoing exercise-based CR were propensity score matched to HF patients without exercise-based CR by age, sex, race, co-morbidities, medications, and procedures. We ascertained 2-year incidence of all-cause mortality, hospitalisation, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. Results Following propensity score matching, a total of 40,364 patients with HF were identified. Exercise-based CR was associated with 42% lower odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.62), 26% lower odds of hospitalisation (0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.77), 37% lower odds of incident stroke (0.63, 95% CI 0.51-0.79), and 53% lower odds of incident atrial fibrillation (0.47, 95% CI 0.4-0.55) compared to matched controls. The beneficial association of exercise-based CR on all-cause mortality was consistent across stratification for sex, older age, included comorbidities, and HF subtype (all P &lt; 0.0001), including patients with HFpEF (0.65, 95% CI 0.60-0.71). Conclusions Exercise-based CR was associated with lower odds of all-cause mortality, hospitalisations, incident stroke and incident atrial fibrillation at 2-years follow-up for patients with HF. The beneficial association of CR and lower mortality was consistent for patients with HFrEF and HFpEF.

Abstract 19486: Does the Association Between Adherence to Statin Medications and Mortality Depend on the Measurement Approach? A Retrospective Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
MHD Wasem Alsabbagh ◽  
Dean Eurich ◽  
Lisa Lix ◽  
Thomas Wislon ◽  
David F Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Summary Measure ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Statin Adherence ◽  
Optimal Adherence

Background: Optimal adherence to statin medications is associated with reduced mortality rates. However, it is not clear if the estimated benefits of statin adherence are influenced by the method used to measure adherence. Objective: To contrast the association between all-cause mortality and statin adherence when two different measurement approaches are used: (i.e., fixed summary measurement versus repeated measurement). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative data from Saskatchewan, Canada between 1994 and 2008. Eligible individuals received a statin prescription following discharge from a hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Adherence was measured using proportion of days covered (PDC) expressed either as: 1) a fixed summary measure, or 2) as a repeatedly measured covariate. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between each adherence measure and mortality after covariate adjustment. Results: Among 9,051 eligible individuals, optimal adherence (≥80%) modeled with a fixed summary measure was not associated with mortality (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.09). In contrast, optimal adherence defined by the repeated measures approach was associated with a 25% reduction in the risk of death (adjusted HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.85). Conclusions: Unlike summary measure, the repeated measures approach appears to provide a significant reduction of all-cause mortality of adherence to statins. This effect may be a result of the repeated measures approach being more sensitive, or more prone to survival bias. Therefore, we recommend comparing different measurement approaches whenever possible.

scholarly journals 387. Markers for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S262-S262
Author(s):  
Kok Hoe Chan ◽  
Bhavik Patel ◽  
Iyad Farouji ◽  
Addi Suleiman ◽  
Jihad Slim
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to many different cardiovascular complications, we were interested in studying prognostic markers in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (A. Fib/Flutter). Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed COVID-19 and either with existing or new onset A. Fib/Flutter who were admitted to our hospital between March 15 and May 20, 2020. Demographic, outcome and laboratory data were extracted from the electronic medical record and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify the prognostic markers associated with mortality in patients with A. Fib/Flutter Results The total number of confirmed COVID-19 patients during the study period was 350; 37 of them had existing or new onset A. Fib/Flutter. Twenty one (57%) expired, and 16 (43%) were discharged alive. The median age was 72 years old, ranged from 19 to 100 years old. Comorbidities were present in 33 (89%) patients, with hypertension (82%) being the most common, followed by diabetes (46%) and coronary artery disease (30%). New onset of atrial fibrillation was identified in 23 patients (70%), of whom 13 (57%) expired; 29 patients (78%) presented with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, and 2 patients (5%) with atrial flutter. Mechanical ventilation was required for 8 patients, of whom 6 expired. In univariate analysis, we found a significant difference in baseline ferritin (p=0.04), LDH (p=0.02), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p=0.05), neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR) (p=0.03) and platelet (p=0.015) between survivors and non-survivors. With multivariable logistic regression analysis, the only value that had an odds of survival was a low NLR (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.93). Conclusion This retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 demonstrated an association of increase NLR as risk factors for death in COVID-19 patients with A. Fib/Flutter. A high NLR has been associated with increased incidence, severity and risk for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients but to our knowledge, we are first to demonstrate the utilization in mortality predictions in COVID-19 patients with A. Fib/Flutter. Disclosures Jihad Slim, MD, Abbvie (Speaker’s Bureau)Gilead (Speaker’s Bureau)Jansen (Speaker’s Bureau)Merck (Speaker’s Bureau)ViiV (Speaker’s Bureau)

scholarly journals Community-acquired bacteraemia in COVID-19 in comparison to influenza A and influenza B: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julinha M. Thelen ◽  
A. G. ( Noud) Buenen ◽  
Marjan van Apeldoorn ◽  
Heiman F. Wertheim ◽  
Mirjam H. A. Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Netherlands it was noticed that very few blood cultures from COVID-19 patients turned positive with clinically relevant bacteria. This was particularly evident in comparison to the number of positive blood cultures during previous seasonal epidemics of influenza. This observation raised questions about the occurrence and causative microorganisms of bacteraemia in COVID-19 patients, especially in the perspective of the widely reported overuse of antibiotics and the rising rate of antibiotic resistance. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on blood culture results in influenza A, influenza B and COVID-19 patients presenting to two hospitals in the Netherlands. Our main outcome consisted of the percentage of positive blood cultures. The percentage of clinically relevant blood cultures, isolated bacteria and 30-day all-cause mortality served as our secondary outcomes. Results A total of 1331 viral episodes were analysed in 1324 patients. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.47) in overall occurrence of blood culture positivity in COVID-19 patients (9.0, 95% CI 6.8–11.1) in comparison to influenza A (11.4, 95% CI 7.9–14.8) and influenza B patients (10.4, 95% CI 7.1–13.7,). After correcting for the high rate of contamination, the occurrence of clinically relevant bacteraemia in COVID-19 patients amounted to 1.0% (95% CI 0.3–1.8), which was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.04) compared to influenza A patients (4.0, 95% CI 1.9–6.1) and influenza B patients (3.0, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). The most frequently identified bacterial isolates in COVID-19 patients were Escherichia coli (n = 2) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2). The overall 30-day all-cause mortality for COVID-19 patients was 28.3% (95% CI 24.9–31.7), which was statistically significantly higher (p = <.001) when compared to patients with influenza A (7.1, 95% CI 4.3–9.9) and patients with influenza B (6.4, 95% CI 3.8–9.1). Conclusions We report a very low occurrence of community-acquired bacteraemia amongst COVID-19 patients in comparison to influenza patients. These results reinforce current clinical guidelines on antibiotic management in COVID-19, which only advise utilization of antibiotics when a bacterial co-infection is suspected.

scholarly journals Comparative Risk of Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 among Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Users: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimyung Park ◽  
Seng Chan You ◽  
Jaehyeong Cho ◽  
Chan Hyuk Park ◽  
Woon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate incidence risk and severe clinical outcomes in COVID-19 disease among short-term users of acid-suppressants in South Korea.Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted using a nationwide claims database for South Korea, used data from patients with COVID-19 tested between January 1 and May 15, 2020. Patients aged over 18 years and prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) for more than 7 days were identified. Primary outcome was COVID-19 while secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, hospitalization with respiratory disease, or intensive respiratory intervention. Large-scale propensity scores were used to match patients, while the Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to evaluate any association between exposure and outcome(s). The risk estimates were calibrated by using 123 falsification endpoints.Results: We identified 26,166 PPI users and 62,117 H2RA users. After propensity score matching, compared to H2RA use, PPI use was not significantly associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (calibrated hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–2.19]); moreover, PPI use was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, namely, hospitalization with respiratory disease (calibrated HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.72–1.08]), intensive respiratory interventions (calibrated HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.46–1.82]), except for all-cause mortality (calibrated HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31–0.95]).Conclusions: In this study, we found that the PPI user was not associated with risk of COVID-19 compared to H2RA users. There was no significant relationship between severe clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and exposure to PPI compared with H2RA, except for all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Glucose variability and the risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Young Lee ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Sanghyun Park ◽  
Ji Hee Yu ◽  
Ji A. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationwide Observational Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous research regarding long-term glucose variability over several years which is an emerging indicator of glycemic control in diabetes showed several limitations. We investigated whether variability in long-term fasting plasma glucose (FG) can predict the development of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using the data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. A total of 624,237 Koreans ≥ 20 years old with diabetes who had undergone health examinations at least twice from 2005 to 2008 and simultaneously more than once from 2009 to 2010 (baseline) without previous histories of stroke or MI. As a parameter of variability of FG, variability independent of mean (VIM) was calculated using FG levels measured at least three times during the 5 years until the baseline. Study endpoints were incident stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality through December 31, 2017. Results During follow-up, 25,038 cases of stroke, 15,832 cases of MI, and 44,716 deaths were identified. As the quartile of FG VIM increased, the risk of clinical outcomes serially increased after adjustment for confounding factors including duration and medications of diabetes and the mean FG. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of FG VIM quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 were 1.20 (1.16–1.24), 1.20 (1.15–1.25), and 1.32 (1.29–1.36) for stroke, MI and all-cause mortality, respectively. The impact of FG variability was higher in the elderly and those with a longer duration of diabetes and lower FG levels. Conclusions In diabetes, long-term glucose variability showed a dose–response relationship with the risk of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality in this nationwide observational study.

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