Perceiving Biological Motion: Dissociating Visible Speech from Walking

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Santi ◽  
Philip Servos ◽  
Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson ◽  
Takaaki Kuratate ◽  
Kevin Munhall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Visible Speech ◽  
The Face ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contrast Perception

Neuropsychological research suggests that the neural system underlying visible speech on the basis of kinematics is distinct from the system underlying visible speech of static images of the face and identifying whole-body actions from kinematics alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural systems underlying point-light visible speech, as well as perception of a walking/jumping point-light body, to determine if they are independent. Although both point-light stimuli produced overlapping activation in the right middle occipital gyrus encompassing area KO and the right inferior temporal gyrus, they also activated distinct areas. Perception of walking biological motion activated a medial occipital area along the lingual gyrus close to the cuneus border, and the ventromedial frontal cortex, neither of which was activated by visible speech biological motion. In contrast, perception of visible speech biological motion activated right V5 and a network of motor-related areas (Broca's area, PM, M1, and supplementary motor area (SMA)), none of which were activated by walking biological motion. Many of the areas activated by seeing visible speech biological motion are similar to those activated while speechreading from an actual face, with the exception of M1 and medial SMA. The motor-related areas found to be active during point-light visible speech are consistent with recent work characterizing the human “mirror” system (Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Gallese, & Fogassi, 1996).

scholarly journals Motion can amplify the face-inversion effect

Psihologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Thornton ◽  
Emma Mullins ◽  
Kara Banahan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Inversion Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Face Inversion Effect ◽  
Face Inversion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Static Images

The face-inversion effect (FIE) refers to increased response times or error rates for faces that are presented upside-down relative to those seen in a canonical, upright orientation. Here we report one situation in which this FIE can be amplified when observers are shown dynamic facial expressions, rather than static facial expressions. In two experiments observers were asked to assign gender to a random sequence of un-degraded static or moving faces. Each face was seen both upright and inverted. For static images, this task led to little or no effect of inversion. For moving faces, the cost of inversion was a response time increase of approximately 100 ms relative to upright. Motion thus led to a disadvantage in the context of inversion. The fact that such motion could not be ignored in favour of available form cues suggests that dynamic processing may be mandatory. In two control experiments a difference between static and dynamic inversion was not observed for whole-body stimuli or for human-animal decisions. These latter findings suggest that the processing of upside-down movies is not always more difficult for the visual system than the processing of upside-down static images.

A Chimeric Point-Light Walker

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5010 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M Thornton ◽  
Quoc C Vuong ◽  
Heinrich H Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Ambiguous Figure ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Motion Pattern ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Constant Direction ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right

Ambiguity has long been used as a probe into visual processing. Here, we describe a new dynamic ambiguous figure—the chimeric point-light walker—which we hope will prove to be a useful tool for exploring biological motion. We begin by describing the construction of the stimulus and discussing the compelling finding that, when presented in a mask, observers consistently fail to notice anything odd about the walker, reporting instead that they are watching an unambiguous figure moving either to the left or right. Some observers report that the initial percept fluctuates, moving first to the left, then to the right, or vice versa; others always perceive a constant direction. All observers, when briefly shown the unmasked ambiguous figure, have no difficulty in perceiving the novel motion pattern once the mask is returned. These two findings—the initial report of unambiguous motion and the subsequent ‘primed’ perception of the ambiguity—are both consistent with an important role for top–down processing in biological motion. We conclude by suggesting several domains within the realm of biological-motion processing where this simple stimulus may prove to be useful.

Intact Perception of Biological Motion in the Face of Profound Spatial Deficits: Williams Syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Jordan ◽  
Jason E. Reiss ◽  
James E. Hoffman ◽  
Barbara Landau
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Human Form ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder that results in profound spatial cognitive deficits. We examined whether individuals with WS have intact perception of biological motion, which requires global spatial integration of local motion signals into a unitary percept of a human form. Children with WS, normal mental-age-matched children, and normal adults viewed point-light-walker (PLW) displays portraying a human figure walking to the left or right. Children with WS were as good as or better than control children in their ability to judge the walker's direction, even when it was masked with dynamic noise that mimicked the local motion of the PLW lights. These results show that mechanisms underlying the perception of at least some kinds of biological motion are unimpaired in children with WS. They provide the first evidence of selective sparing of a specialized spatial system in individuals with a known genetic impairment.

scholarly journals Neural Suppression Elicited During Motor Imagery Following the Observation of Biological Motion From Point-Light Walker Stimuli

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Grazia ◽  
Michael Wimmer ◽  
Gernot R. Müller-Putz ◽  
Selina C. Wriessnegger
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Point Light

Introduction: Advantageous effects of biological motion (BM) detection, a low-perceptual mechanism that allows the rapid recognition and understanding of spatiotemporal characteristics of movement via salient kinematics information, can be amplified when combined with motor imagery (MI), i.e., the mental simulation of motor acts. According to Jeannerod’s neurostimulation theory, asynchronous firing and reduction of mu and beta rhythm oscillations, referred to as suppression over the sensorimotor area, are sensitive to both MI and action observation (AO) of BM. Yet, not many studies investigated the use of BM stimuli using combined AO-MI tasks. In this study, we assessed the neural response in the form of event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERD/S) patterns following the observation of point-light-walkers and concordant MI, as compared to MI alone.Methods: Twenty right-handed healthy participants accomplished the experimental task by observing BM stimuli and subsequently performing the same movement using kinesthetic MI (walking, cycling, and jumping conditions). We recorded an electroencephalogram (EEG) with 32 channels and performed time-frequency analysis on alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (18–24 Hz) frequency bands during the MI task. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to test statistical significance among conditions and electrodes of interest.Results: The results revealed significant ERD/S patterns in the alpha frequency band between conditions and electrode positions. Post hoc comparisons showed significant differences between condition 1 (walking) and condition 3 (jumping) over the left primary motor cortex. For the beta band, a significantly less difference in ERD patterns (p < 0.01) was detected only between condition 3 (jumping) and condition 4 (reference).Discussion: Our results confirmed that the observation of BM combined with MI elicits a neural suppression, although just in the case of jumping. This is in line with previous findings of AO and MI (AOMI) eliciting a neural suppression for simulated whole-body movements. In the last years, increasing evidence started to support the integration of AOMI training as an adjuvant neurorehabilitation tool in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Conclusion: We concluded that using BM stimuli in AOMI training could be promising, as it promotes attention to kinematic features and imitative motor learning.

scholarly journals Brain Areas Involved in Perception of Biological Motion

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grossman ◽  
M. Donnelly ◽  
R. Price ◽  
D. Pickens ◽  
V. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Region Matching ◽  
Kinetic Boundary ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

These experiments use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal neural activity uniquely associated with perception of biological motion. We isolated brain areas activated during the viewing of point-light figures, then compared those areas to regions known to be involved in coherent-motion perception and kinetic-boundary perception. Coherent motion activated a region matching previous reports of human MT/MST complex located on the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. Kinetic boundaries activated a region posterior and adjacent to human MT previously identified as the kinetic-occipital (KO) region or the lateral-occipital (LO) complex. The pattern of activation during viewing of biological motion was located within a small region on the ventral bank of the occipital extent of the superior-temporal sulcus (STS). This region is located lateral and anterior to human MT/MST, and anterior to KO. Among our observers, we localized this region more frequently in the right hemisphere than in the left. This was true regardless of whether the point-light figures were presented in the right or left hemifield. A small region in the medial cerebellum was also active when observers viewed biological-motion sequences. Consistent with earlier neuroimaging and single-unit studies, this pattern of results points to the existence of neural mechanisms specialized for analysis of the kinematics defining biological motion.

Brain correlates of recognition of communicative interactions from biological motion in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł. Okruszek ◽  
M. Wordecha ◽  
M. Jarkiewicz ◽  
B. Kossowski ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Communicative Interactions ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right

BackgroundRecognition of communicative interactions is a complex social cognitive ability which is associated with a specific neural activity in healthy individuals. However, neural correlates of communicative interaction processing from whole-body motion have not been known in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, the current study aims to examine the neural activity associated with recognition of communicative interactions in SCZ by using displays of the dyadic interactions downgraded to minimalistic point-light presentations.MethodsTwenty-six healthy controls (HC) and 25 SCZ were asked to judge whether two agents presented only by point-light displays were communicating or acting independently. Task-related activity and functional connectivity of brain structures were examined with General Linear Model and Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction approach, respectively.ResultsHC were significantly more efficient in recognizing each type of action than SCZ. At the neural level, the activity of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) was observed to be higher in HC compared with SCZ for communicativev.individual action processing. Importantly, increased connectivity of the right pSTS with structures associated with mentalizing (left pSTS) and mirroring networks (left frontal areas) was observed in HC, but not in SCZ, during the presentation of social interactions.ConclusionUnder-recruitment of the right pSTS, a structure known to have a pivotal role in social processing, may also be of importance for higher-order social cognitive deficits in SCZ. Furthermore, decreased task-related connectivity of the right pSTS may result in reduced use of additional sources of information (for instance motor resonance signals) during social cognitive processing in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI TEKNIK FACE DAN BODY PAINTING UNTUK MENAMBAH ARTISTIK PAGELARAN BATIK FASHION ART WEAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S., Syamsiar
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Process Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Body Painting ◽  
The City

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>This artistic research is conducted to explore face and body painting techniques. Its application to the model in fashion batik fashion show. Face painting is a painting that only uses the face as a medium (the field to be painted), while the body painting medium is the whole body from the neck to the feet. The creation process model refers to contemporary art in which art barriers are not limited to a combination of face and body painting, batik fashion art wear, dance art and music art, which is packaged in the form of a fashion show. Kind of batik fashion art wear is selected batik carnival fashion, glamorous batik fashion, Fashion Batik Klasic and fashion batik casual. The four forms of fashion batik is chosen because it is often displayed in the event of a major fashion show in the city of Solo.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em>Creation methods include Exploration (Observation, exploration of objects and the subject of creation), Improvisation (Experiments to make sketches of face design and body painting), Embodiments (creation of works and Fashion show performances). Creation of the work of face and body painting is expected to be able to produce artwork face and body painting the right model used in batik fashion art wear fashion, and able to add artistic batik fashion art fashion wear.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Keywords: Face painting, body painting, fashion, batik, artistic, art wear.</em><em></em></p>

Techniques for Face Motion & Expression Analysis on Monocular Images

2011 ◽  
pp. 201-234
Author(s):  
Ana C. Andres del Valle ◽  
Jean-Luc Dugelay
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Facial Motion ◽  
Face Animation ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Face ◽  
Static Images ◽  
The Right ◽  
Face Synthesis

This chapter presents a state-of-the-art compilation on facial motion and expression analysis. The core of the chapter includes the description and comparison of methods currently being developed and tested to generate face animation from monocular static images and/or video sequences. These methods are categorized into three major groups: “those that retrieve emotion information,” “those that obtain parameters related to the Face Animation synthesis used,” and “those that use explicit face synthesis during the image analysis.” A general overview about the processing fundamentals involved in facial analysis is also provided. Readers will have a clear understanding of the ongoing research performed in the field of facial expression and motion analysis on monocular images by easily finding the right references to the detailed description of all mentioned methods.

The Perception of Emotion from Body Movement in Point-Light Displays of Interpersonal Dialogue

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5203 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya J Clarke ◽  
Mark F Bradshaw ◽  
David T Field ◽  
Sarah E Hampson ◽  
David Rose
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Horizontal Scale ◽  
Image Displays ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right

We examined whether it is possible to identify the emotional content of behaviour from point-light displays where pairs of actors are engaged in interpersonal communication. These actors displayed a series of emotions, which included sadness, anger, joy, disgust, fear, and romantic love. In experiment 1, subjects viewed brief clips of these point-light displays presented the right way up and upside down. In experiment 2, the importance of the interaction between the two figures in the recognition of emotion was examined. Subjects were shown upright versions of (i) the original pairs (dyads), (ii) a single actor (monad), and (iii) a dyad comprising a single actor and his/her mirror image (reflected dyad). In each experiment, the subjects rated the emotional content of the displays by moving a slider along a horizontal scale. All of the emotions received a rating for every clip. In experiment 1, when the displays were upright, the correct emotions were identified in each case except disgust; but, when the displays were inverted, performance was significantly diminished for some emotions. In experiment 2, the recognition of love and joy was impaired by the absence of the acting partner, and the recognition of sadness, joy, and fear was impaired in the non-veridical (mirror image) displays. These findings both support and extend previous research by showing that biological motion is sufficient for the perception of emotion, although inversion affects performance. Moreover, emotion perception from biological motion can be affected by the veridical or non-veridical social context within the displays.

scholarly journals Small changes in ball position at address cause a chain effect in golf swing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Eun Kim ◽  
Jangyun Lee ◽  
Sae Yong Lee ◽  
Hae-Dong Lee ◽  
Jae Kun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Golf Swing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Professional Golfers ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how the ball position along the mediolateral (M-L) direction of a golfer causes a chain effect in the ground reaction force, body segment and joint angles, and whole-body centre of mass during the golf swing. Twenty professional golfers were asked to complete five straight shots for each 5 different ball positions along M-L: 4.27 cm (ball diameter), 2.14 cm (ball radius), 0 cm (reference position at preferred ball position), – 2.14 cm, and – 4.27 cm, while their ground reaction force and body segment motions were captured. The dependant variables were calculated at 14 swing events from address to impact, and the differences between the ball positions were evaluated using Statistical Parametric Mapping. The left-sided ball positions at address showed a greater weight distribution on the left foot with a more open shoulder angle compared to the reference ball position, whereas the trend was reversed for the right-sided ball positions. These trends disappeared during the backswing and reappeared during the downswing. The whole-body centre of mass was also located towards the target for the left-sided ball positions throughout the golf swing compared to the reference ball position, whereas the trend was reversed for the right-sided ball positions. We have concluded that initial ball position at address can cause a series of chain effects throughout the golf swing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document