“How Did I Make It?”: Uncertainty about Own Motor Performance after Inhibition of the Premotor Cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Luca Zigiotto ◽  
Maíra Izzadora Souza Carneiro ◽  
Giuseppe Vallar
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Optimal motor performance requires the monitoring of sensorimotor input to ensure that the motor output matches current intentions. The brain is thought to be equipped with a “comparator” system, which monitors and detects the congruence between intended and actual movement; results of such a comparison can reach awareness. This study explored in healthy participants whether the cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right premotor cortex (PM) and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) can disrupt performance monitoring in a skilled motor task. Before and after tDCS, participants underwent a two-digit sequence motor task; in post-tDCS session, single-pulse TMS (sTMS) was applied to the right motor cortex, contralateral to the performing hand, with the aim of interfering with motor execution. Then, participants rated on a five-item questionnaire their performance at the motor task. Cathodal tDCS of PM (but not sham or PPC tDCS) impaired the participants' ability to evaluate their motor performance reliably, making them unconfident about their judgments. Congruently with the worsened motor performance induced by sTMS, participants reported to have committed more errors after sham and PPC tDCS; such a correlation was not significant after PM tDCS. In line with current computational and neuropsychological models of motor control and awareness, the present results show that a mechanism in the PM monitors and compares intended versus actual movements, evaluating their congruence. Cathodal tDCS of the PM impairs the activity of such a “comparator,” disrupting self-confidence about own motor performance.

Hemispheric Asymmetry in Memory-Guided Pointing During Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Human Parietal Cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 3016-3027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vesia ◽  
Jachin A. Monteon ◽  
Lauren E. Sergio ◽  
J. D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Pointing Movements ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Dorsal posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated through single-unit recordings, neuroimaging data, and studies of brain-damaged humans in the spatial guidance of reaching and pointing movements. The present study examines the causal effect of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left and right dorsal posterior parietal cortex during a memory-guided “reach-to-touch” movement task in six human subjects. Stimulation of the left parietal hemisphere significantly increased endpoint variability, independent of visual field, with no horizontal bias. In contrast, right parietal stimulation did not increase variability, but instead produced a significantly systematic leftward directional shift in pointing (contralateral to stimulation site) in both visual fields. Furthermore, the same lateralized pattern persisted with left-hand movement, suggesting that these aspects of parietal control of pointing movements are spatially fixed. To test whether the right parietal TMS shift occurs in visual or motor coordinates, we trained subjects to point correctly to optically reversed peripheral targets, viewed through a left–right Dove reversing prism. After prism adaptation, the horizontal pointing direction for a given visual target reversed, but the direction of shift during right parietal TMS did not reverse. Taken together, these data suggest that induction of a focal current reveals a hemispheric asymmetry in the early stages of the putative spatial processing in PPC. These results also suggest that a brief TMS pulse modifies the output of the right PPC in motor coordinates downstream from the adapted visuomotor reversal, rather than modifying the upstream visual coordinates of the memory representation.

scholarly journals Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in the first weeks after stroke: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Tengler Carvalho Takahashi ◽  
Paulo Rodrigo Bázan ◽  
Joana Bisol Balardin ◽  
Danielle de Sá Boasquevisque ◽  
Edson Amaro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs

Background: There is limited information about effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), delivered within the first weeks post-stroke, on performance of the paretic upper limb and on connectivity between motor areas in the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Objectives: We compared changes in Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery(FMA) scores, connectivity between the primary motor cortex of the unaffected(M1UH) and the affected hemisphere(M1AH), as well as between M1UH and the premotor cortex of the unaffected hemisphere(PMUH) before and after 6 sessions of cathodal tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex of the unaffected hemisphere(M1UH) early after stroke in 13 patients. Methods: This hypothesis-generating substudy was a randomized parallel, two-arm, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial performed at the Albert Einstein Hospital. Subjects were randomized active(N=6) or sham(N=7) groups. Results: Clinically relevant differences in FMA scores(≥ 9 points) were observed more often in the sham than in the active group. Between-group differences in changes in FMA scores were not statistically significant(Mann-Whitney test, p=0.133) but the effect size was -0.619(rank biserial correlation). Connectivity measures(Fisher’s z- transform of ROI-to-ROI correlations) between M1AH-M1UH increased in 5/6 participants in the active, and in 2/7 in the sham group after treatment. Between-group differences in changes in connectivity(M1UH-M1AH or PMUH-M1AH) were not statistically significant. In contrast with M1AH-M1UH connectivity, improvements in motor performance were more frequent in the active than in the sham group. Conclusions: Effects of cathodal tDCS on motor performance and on Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging may have distinct underpinnings in subjects at an early stage after stroke.

Frontal and Parietal Networks for Conditional Motor Learning: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 977-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. Deiber ◽  
S. P. Wise ◽  
M. Honda ◽  
M. J. Catalan ◽  
J. Grafman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Arbitrary Mapping ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
Area 6 ◽  
The Right

Deiber, M.-P., S. P. Wise, M. Honda, M. J. Catalan, J. Grafman, and M. Hallett. Frontal and parietal networks for conditional motor learning: a positron emission tomography study. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 977–991, 1997. Studies on nonhuman primates show that the premotor (PM) and prefrontal (PF) areas are necessary for the arbitrary mapping of a set of stimuli onto a set of responses. However, positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in human subjects have failed to reveal the predicted rCBF changes during such behavior. We therefore studied rCBF while subjects learned two arbitrary mapping tasks. In the conditional motor task, visual stimuli instructed which of four directions to move a joystick (with the right, dominant hand). In the evaluation task, subjects moved the joystick in a predetermined direction to report whether an arrow pointed in the direction associated with a given stimulus. For both tasks there were three rules: for the nonspatial rule, the pattern within each stimulus determined the correct direction; for the spatial rule, the location of the stimulus did so; and for the fixed-response rule, movement direction was constant regardless of the pattern or its location. For the nonspatial rule, performance of the evaluation task led to a learning-related increase in rCBF in a caudal and ventral part of the premotor cortex (PMvc, area 6), bilaterally, as well as in the putamen and a cingulate motor area (CM, area 24) of the left hemisphere. Decreases in rCBF were observed in several areas: the left ventro-orbital prefrontal cortex (PFv, area 47/12), the left lateral cerebellar hemisphere, and, in the right hemisphere, a dorsal and rostral aspect of PM (PMdr, area 6), dorsal PF (PFd, area 9), and the posterior parietal cortex (area 39/40). During performance of the conditional motor task, there was only a decrease in the parietal area. For the spatial rule, no rCBF change reached significance for the evaluation task, but in the conditional motor task, a ventral and rostral premotor region (PMvr, area 6), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFdl, area 46), and the posterior parietal cortex (area 39/40) showed decreasing rCBF during learning, all in the right hemisphere. These data confirm the predicted rCBF changes in premotor and prefrontal areas during arbitrary mapping tasks and suggest that a broad frontoparietal network may show decreased synaptic activity as arbitrary rules become more familiar.

scholarly journals Dynamic Parieto-premotor Network for Mental Image Transformation Revealed by Simultaneous EEG and fMRI Measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Sasaoka ◽  
Hiroaki Mizuhara ◽  
Toshio Inui
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Image Transformation ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Previous studies have suggested that the posterior parietal cortices and premotor areas are involved in mental image transformation. However, it remains unknown whether these regions really cooperate to realize mental image transformation. In this study, simultaneous EEG and fMRI were performed to clarify the spatio-temporal properties of neural networks engaged in mental image transformation. We adopted a modified version of the mental clock task used by Sack et al. [Sack, A. T., Camprodon, J. A., Pascual-Leone, A., & Goebel, R. The dynamics of interhemispheric compensatory processes in mental imagery. Science, 308, 702–704, 2005; Sack, A. T., Sperling, J. M., Prvulovic, D., Formisano, E., Goebel, R., Di Salle, F., et al. Tracking the mind's image in the brain II: Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals parietal asymmetry in visuospatial imagery. Neuron, 35, 195–204, 2002]. In the modified mental clock task, participants mentally rotated clock hands from the position initially presented at a learned speed for various durations. Subsequently, they matched the position to the visually presented clock hands. During mental rotation of the clock hands, we observed significant beta EEG suppression with respect to the amount of mental rotation at the right parietal electrode. The beta EEG suppression accompanied activity in the bilateral parietal cortices and left premotor cortex, representing a dynamic cortical network for mental image transformation. These results suggest that motor signals from the premotor area were utilized for mental image transformation in the parietal areas and for updating the imagined clock hands represented in the right posterior parietal cortex.

Activation of the Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Pre-Supplementary Motor Area of Humans During an Auditory Conditional Motor Task

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 1667-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurata ◽  
Toshiaki Tsuji ◽  
Satoshi Naraki ◽  
Morio Seino ◽  
Yoshinao Abe
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Motor Areas

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured regional blood flow to examine which motor areas of the human cerebral cortex are preferentially involved in an auditory conditional motor behavior. As a conditional motor task, randomly selected 330 or 660 Hz tones were presented to the subjects every 1.0 s. The low and high tones indicated that the subjects should initiate three successive opposition movements by tapping together the right thumb and index finger or the right thumb and little finger, respectively. As a control task, the same subjects were asked to alternate the two opposition movements, in response to randomly selected tones that were presented at the same frequencies. Between the two tasks, MRI images were also scanned in the resting state while the tones were presented in the same way. Comparing the images during each of the two tasks with images during the resting state, it was observed that several frontal motor areas, including the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), supplementary motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA, were activated. However, preferential activation during the conditional motor task was observed only in the PMd and pre-SMA of the subjects' left (contralateral) frontal cortex. The PMd has been thought to play an important role in transforming conditional as well as spatial visual cues into corresponding motor responses, but our results suggest that the PMd along with the pre-SMA are the sites where more general and extensive sensorimotor integration takes place.

scholarly journals Change of TGF-β1 Gene Expression and TGF-β1 Protein Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Identification of Plaque Bacteria in a Patient with Recurrent Localized Gingival Enlargement before and after Gingivectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilies Anggarwati Astuti ◽  
Mochammad Hatta ◽  
Sri Oktawati ◽  
Rosdiana Natzir ◽  
Ressy Dwiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Gingival Enlargement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Tgf Β1

This case report highlights the change of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and identification of plaque bacteria in a patient with recurrent localized gingival enlargement before and aftergingivectomytreatment. A 26-year-old woman came to AG Dental Care Clinic, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2015 with a chief complaint that her gingiva often bled spontaneously and she felt pain on her gingiva and felt less comfortable and no self-confidence with her anterior and posterior gingival condition on the right maxilla region which is slightly larger than normal. She often felt that her gingiva could bleed spontaneously when she was talking or remains silent though. The patient is disturbed by the malodor she felt. At that moment, the patient sought for gingivectomy treatment. Three years afterward, the patient came back with the same complaint. Gingival crevicular fluid has been taken from the gingival sulcus before and after gingivectomy. Clinical and GCF follow-up examination was performed one week and three weeks after gingivectomy, and successful results on biological, functional, and aesthetic parameters were observed.

Sex-typing of Physical Activities and Success Predictions of Children before and after Cross-sex Competition

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Corbin ◽  
Charles Nix
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Male Activity

Elementary school children, 20 boys and 20 girls, served as subjects in this investigation designed to determine how children sex-typed each of three different motor activities and to study their success predictions before and after cross-sex competition. Results of the study indicated that both boys and girls sex-typed a motor task requiring strength, speed, and power as a “male” activity, while the two other motor tasks were characterized as “male-female.” The self-confidence levels of girls, as measured by success predictions were lower than boys prior to competition but only for the “male” activity. After cross-sex competition in which girls succeeded as often as the boys, self-confidence of girls was no different than for boys. There were no sex differences in postcompetition state anxiety levels. All subjects regardless of sex were more threatened after competing in a “male” as opposed to a “male-female” activity, and they experienced lower state anxiety following successful rather than unsuccessful competition.

scholarly journals Learning the statistics of pain: computational and neural mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Mancini ◽  
Suyi Zhang ◽  
Ben Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
The Right

Abstract Pain invariably changes over time, and these temporal fluctuations are riddled with uncertainty about body safety. In theory, statistical regularities of pain through time contain useful information that can be learned, allowing the brain to generate expectations and inform behaviour. To investigate this, we exposed healthy participants to probabilistic sequences of low and high-intensity electrical stimuli to the left hand, containing sudden changes in stimulus frequencies. We demonstrate that humans can learn to extract these regularities, and explicitly predict the likelihood of forthcoming pain intensities in a manner consistent with optimal Bayesian models with dynamic update of beliefs. We studied brain activity using functional MRI whilst subjects performed the task, which allowed us to dissect the underlying neural correlates of these statistical inferences from their uncertainty and update. We found that the inferred frequency (posterior probability) of high intensity pain correlated with activity in bilateral sensorimotor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex and right caudate. The uncertainty of statistical inferences of pain was encoded in the right superior parietal cortex. An intrinsic part of this hierarchical Bayesian model is the way that unexpected changes in frequency lead to shift beliefs and update the internal model. This is reflected by the KL divergence between consecutive posterior distributions and associated with brain responses in the premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. In conclusion, this study extends what is conventionally considered a sensory pain pathway dedicated to process pain intensity, to include the generation of Bayesian internal models of temporal statistics of pain intensity levels in sensorimotor regions, which are updated dynamically through the engagement of premotor, prefrontal and parietal regions.

scholarly journals Behavioral Differences Across Theta Burst Stimulation Protocols. A Study on the Sense of Agency in Healthy Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Zito ◽  
Yulia Worbe ◽  
Jean-Charles Lamy ◽  
Joel Kälin ◽  
Janine Bühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theta Burst

BackgroundTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method. Various stimulation protocols have been proposed, for instance, stimulation at 50 Hz with pattern at 5 Hz, or at 30 Hz with pattern at 6 Hz. To identify better stimulation parameters for behavioral applications, we investigated the effects of 50-Hz continuous TBS (cTBS) on the sense of agency (SoA), and compared them with a previously published study with 30-Hz cTBS.MethodsBased on power analysis from a previous sample using two applications of 30-Hz cTBS, we recruited 20 healthy subjects in a single-blind, Vertex-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. Participants were stimulated with one application of 50-Hz cTBS over the right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC), a key area for agency processing, and the vertex, in a random order. A behavioral task targeting the SoA was done before and after stimulation. After controlling for baseline differences across samples, we studied the effect of stimulation in the two protocols separately.ResultsCompared to the previously published 30-Hz protocol, 50-Hz cTBS over the rPPC did not reveal significant changes in the SoA, similar to sham Vertex stimulation.ConclusionOne application of 50-Hz cTBS was not sufficient to elicit behavioral effects, compared to two applications of 30-Hz cTBS, as previously described. This may be due to a mechanism of synaptic plasticity, consolidated through consecutive stimulation cycles. Our results are relevant for future studies aiming at modulating activity of the rPPC in cognitive domains other than agency, and in patients affected by abnormal agency, who could benefit from treatment options based on TBS.

scholarly journals Prism Adaptation Modulates Connectivity of the Intraparietal Sulcus with Multiple Brain Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4747-4758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Schintu ◽  
Michael Freedberg ◽  
Stephen J Gotts ◽  
Catherine A Cunningham ◽  
Zaynah M Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Prism adaptation (PA) alters spatial cognition according to the direction of visual displacement by temporarily modifying sensorimotor mapping. Right-shifting prisms (right PA) improve neglect of left visual field in patients, possibly by decreasing activity in the left hemisphere and increasing it in the right. Left PA shifts attention rightward in healthy individuals by an opposite mechanism. However, functional imaging studies of PA are inconsistent, perhaps because of differing activation tasks. We measured resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in healthy individuals before and after PA. When contrasted, right versus left PA decreased RSFC in the spatial navigation network defined by the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), hippocampus, and cerebellum. Within-PA-direction comparisons showed that right PA increased RSFC in subregions of the PPCs and between the PPCs and the right middle frontal gyrus and left PA decreased RSFC between these regions. Both right and left PA decreased RSFC between the PPCs and bilateral temporal areas. In summary, right PA increases connectivity in the right frontoparietal network and left PA produces essentially opposite effects. Furthermore, right, compared with left, PA modulates RSFC in the right hemisphere navigation network.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document