Elephants Who Marry Mice are Very Unusual: The Use of the Relative Pronoun Who with Nonhuman Animals

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtanelle Gilquin ◽  
George Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Pronoun ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper explores the use of the relative pronoun (who) with nonhuman animals. The paper looks at what dictionaries, an encyclopedia, grammars, publication manuals, newspapers, and news agencies say and do relative to this issue. In addition to investigating the views and practices of these authoritative publications, the study also searched a 100-million-word collection (corpus) of spoken and written English. The study found that while some reference works reject or ignore the use of (who) with nonhuman animals, other works discuss the possibility, and (who) does occur in the corpus with nonhuman animals. Explanations for such usage include psychological closeness with particular nonhuman animals and/or features shared with humans. The paper suggests that the use of (who) with nonhuman animals might play a role in promoting human attitudes and behaviors beneficial to fellow animals. However, it cautions that the correlation between language use, on the one hand, and attitudes and behaviors, on the other hand, is not a perfect one.

Human and Nonhuman Animals, Mutually at Risk: A Study of the Swiss Information Media

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-355
Author(s):  
Annik Dubied Losa ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avian Flu ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Media ◽  
The One

AbstractNowadays, relationships between nonhuman animals and humans are debated, often in relation to issues associated with the risks they represent for each other. On the one hand, new diseases and accidents indicate that animals are not as innocuous as they were long thought; on the other hand, the now questioned human impact on the natural environment is considered a risk for animals. This research analyzed these contrasting images of animals in the Swiss information media. Of the five main animal figures identified over the last 30 years, this paper focuses on the Undesirable Animal and the Victim Animal. These two figures have existed throughout the observed period; in contrast to Victim Animals, however, who appear fairly infrequently, Undesirable Animals have become more and more common in the last decade, usually in relation to a specific issue (such as the avian flu). This suggests that the media more often convey the dominant anthropocentric relationship to animals, reflecting a preoccupation with the protection of humans against dangerous animals, whereas the protection of animals from humans is considered less important. Recent controversies demonstrate, however, that the frontier between “us” and “them” is regularly renegotiated.

scholarly journals “The Wayfarer” (“The Pedlar”) by Hieronymus Bosch as an Archetypal Image of an ‘Other-Stranger’

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Przemysław Kisiel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hieronymus Bosch ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
Symbolic Content

One of the most important contemporary experiences of European societies is undoubtedly the migration crisis. The resulting social fears of ‘strangers,’ which have been activated, show how important the archetypical ‘other-stranger’ pattern still is, and that it can be treated as an example of an ‘anthropological constant.’ The aim of the article is to try to look at the painting “The Wayfarer” by Hieronymus Bosch as an illustration of the archetypical ‘other-stranger’ pattern. It seems that such a reading of this work, rich in symbolic content, on the one hand perfectly justifies the thesis of the archetypical sources of contemporary attitudes towards ‘strangers’ and, on the other hand, allows one to better understand and explain the current reactions and behaviors of Europeans. This becomes particularly evident when juxtaposing the image of Hieronymus Bosch with the contemporary media images of migrants.

Codewisseling in een Nederlandse Gemeenschap in Brazilie

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Sarina Uilenberg
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The One

The present investigation was carried out in Holambra, a community of Dutch origin in Brazil. The goal was to analyze the codeswitching between Dutch and Portuguese practised by the immigrants in their everyday speech, taking into account both grammatical and functional aspects. Moreover, the codeswitching of the first and second generations were compared, focusing on the different motives, the size of switched constituents, and the type of codeswitching. Previous theories suggested a relationship between grammatical characteristics on the one hand, and functions of individual switches, attitudes towards the languages and communities involved, and language ability on the other hand. In this article, results of the three analyses are presented and the language use and codeswitching of the different generations in this community are described. The results show an intermediate generation consisting of the most balanced bilinguals, who codeswitch often and without difficulties, using the full range of both languages. The first and second generations, however, show less diversity in their codeswitching, mainly switching nouns. Finally, suggestions for future investigation are presented.

scholarly journals Market cognition: How exchange norms alter social experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jamil zaki ◽  
Eric Neumann ◽  
Dean Baltiansky
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The One

Market exchange and the ideologies that accompany it pervade human social interaction. How does this affect people’s beliefs about themselves, each other, and human nature? Here we describe market cognition (MC) as social inferences and behaviors that are intensified by market contexts. We focus on prosociality, and two countervailing ways MC can affect it. On the one hand, marketplaces incentivize individuals to behave prosocially in order to be chosen as exchange partners—generalizing cooperation and trust beyond group boundaries. On the other hand, markets encourage a view of people as self-interested, and can thus taint people’s interpretation of prosocial actions and erode more communal forms of cooperation. We close by considering how MCs can become self-fulfilling, altering relationships, communities, and cultural norms.

scholarly journals IDE PERILAKU DAN APRESIASI MASYARAKAT PONTIANAK TERHADAP UNIFIKASI KALENDER HIJRIAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Response Diversity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>:</strong> <em>Hijra calendar is a religious and social needs. Therefore, it is necessary Hijra calendar that can unite the Muslims. This research was appointed as interested to phenomenon in Pontianak. On the one hand, is desired unity of Hijra calendar. But, on the other hand, was founded response diversity to government's decision to begin Ramadhan, Shawal, and Zulhijjah. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and examine the influence of ideas, and behaviors to appreciation following the government's decision to begin Ramadhan, Shawwal, and Zulhijjah in Pontianak community. To achieve the research objectives is used descriptive-eksplanatif method. The population is Pontianak community with a sample of 250 people. Data collection tool is questionnaire, analyze with descriptive statistics and PLS. The results of the study that the level of participation of the idea in average of 13,78 from range of 7 until 20. The behavior average of 15,91 from range of 6 until 20. The appreciation to government in average of 11,26 from range of 3 until 12. In terms of contribution, the ideas influenced </em><em></em><em>4,6776% to behavior. Ideas and behavior influenced 3,4765% to appreciation the government's decision to begin Ramadhan, Shawwal, and Zulhijjah.</em></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>ال</strong><strong>ملخص</strong> :التقويم الهجري بعض من الاحتياجات الدينية والاجتماعية. من بين تلك الاحتياجات وجود التقويم الهجري التي يمكن أن يوحد المسلمين. تم تعيين هذا البحث لظاهرة تظهر في بونتياناك، وهي ارادة توحيد التقويم الهجري من ناحية، ولكن من ناحية أخرى، لا يزال هناك اختلاف مع اثبات الحكومة لبداية صوم رمضان، وعيد الفطر، وعيد الأضحى. وبالتالي، فإن هذه الدراسة تهدف لوصف ودراسة تأثير الأفكار/المفاهيم والسلوكيات تجاه التقدير لإثبات الحكومة لبداية شهر رمضان، وشوال، وذي الحجة في مجتمع بونتياناك. لتحقيق أهداف البحث، استخدمت أساليب البحث الوصفي التفسيري. هو المجتمع بونتياناك مع عينة من 250 شخصا. وقد تم تحليل أداة جمع البيانات في شكل استبيان مع الإحصاء الوصفي وPLS. نتائج الدراسة أن معدل مستوى مشاركة هذه الفكرة 13.78 من المستوى الأدنى 7 والمستوى الأقصى 20. وأما السلوك, فأعلى قيمته معدل 15.91 من المستوى الأدنى 6 والمستوى الأقصى 20. وأما التقدير لاثبات الحكومة، فالمشاركة في اتباعه 11,26 من من المستوى الأدنى 3 والمستوى الأقصى 12. وأما من حيث مساهمة التأثير, فالفكرة لها تأثير 4.6776٪ على السلوك واما الفكرة والسلوك فلهما تأثير 3.4765٪. للتقدير في اتباع اثبات الحكومة لبداية شهر رمضان، وشوال، وذي الحجة.</p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong><em>Kalender hijriah merupakan kebutuhan keagamaan dan kemasyarakatan. Karena itu, diperlukan penanggalan hijriah yang bisa menyatukan umat Islam. Penelitian ini diangkat karena tertarik terhadap fenomena di Pontianak. Pada satu sisi diinginkan adanya kesatuan penanggalan hijriah, tetapi pada sisi lain, masih terdapat keragaman tanggapan terhadap keputusan pemerintah dalam memulai ibadah puasa Ramadhan, Idul Fitri, dan Idul Adha. Karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menguji pengaruh ide/persepsi, dan perilaku terhadap apresiasi mengikuti keputusan pemerintah dalam memulai Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Zulhijjah pada masyarakat Pontianak. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian digunakan metode deskriptif-eksplanatif. Populasi adalah masyarakat Pontianak dengan sampel sebesar 250 orang. Alat pengumpul data berupa angket yang dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan PLS. Hasil penelitian bahwa tingkat partisipasi ide, diperoleh rata-rata 13,78 dari nilai terendah 7 dan nilai tertinggi 20. Perilaku, diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 15,91 dari nilai terendah 6 dan nilai tertinggi 20. Apresiasi mengikuti pemerintah, diperoleh partisipasi sebesar 11,26 dari nilai terendah 3 dan nilai tertinggi 12. Dilihat dari sisi kontribusi pengaruh, ide berpengaruh sebesar </em><em>4</em><em>,</em><em>6776%</em><em> terhadap perilaku, ide dan perilaku berpengaruh sebesar 3,</em><em>4765% terhadap apresiasi mengikuti keputusan pemerintah dalam mengawali Ramadhan, Syawal, dan Zulhijjah.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>partisipasi, unifikasi, kalender hijriah, Pontianak</p>

scholarly journals Variation in Language Use across Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Thanaa Alhabuobi
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This paper investigates the differences in language use across gender. This current paper accounts for this verity of use within several linguistic features. On the one hand, prestige and conformity are analyzed to determine how the two genders differ according to these two aspects. On the other hand, linguistic features: lexicon, sound production "phonology", were discussed in the light of the difference across gender. The aim was to state explanations of the existence of these differences. The outcomes of this analytical and descriptive research showed that men and women use language differently.

scholarly journals Market Cognition: How Exchange Norms Alter Social Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142199549
Author(s):  
Jamil Zaki ◽  
Eric Neumann ◽  
Dean Baltiansky
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Group Boundaries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The One

Market exchange and the ideologies that accompany it pervade human social interaction. How does this affect people’s beliefs about themselves, each other, and human nature? Here we describe market cognition as social inferences and behaviors that are intensified by market contexts. We focus on prosociality and two countervailing ways in which market cognition can affect it. On the one hand, marketplaces incentivize individuals to behave prosocially in order to be chosen as exchange partners—thereby generalizing cooperation and trust beyond group boundaries. On the other hand, markets encourage a view of people as self-interested and can thus taint people’s interpretation of prosocial actions and erode more communal forms of cooperation. We close by considering how market cognition can become self-fulfilling, altering relationships, communities, and cultural norms.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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