L’aspect exprimé par le suffixe chû ‘en cours de’ en japonais

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Hiroko Oshima

This paper focuses on the aspectual value of the Sino-Japanese suffix -chû ‘in the process of’. It argues that the aspectual meaning and function of -chû differ from those expressed by the continuative aspect marker -teiru, and that these differences may be accounted for by the semantics of -chû. When suffixed to a verbal noun, -chû can only denote a temporary or a momentary activity, whereas -teiru can also denote an habitual and regular activity. When denoting a resultative state, -chû, unlike -teiru, implies a right boundary, and marks the state as temporary. Finally, unlike -teiru, -chû highlights the momentary nature of the event or state in question, so that, depending on the context, it can trigger the readings of ‘opportunity to be seized’ or ‘temporary prohibition’. 

Nous montrons ici que l’aspect exprimé par le suffixe sino-japonais -chû ‘en cours de’ diffère de celui marqué par la forme en -teiru (marqueur d’aspect continuatif), et que ces différences sont dues au sémantisme du suffixe -chû. Quand il suffixe un nom verbal, -chû n’exprime qu’une activité temporaire et momentanée, alors que -teiru peut également marquer une activité habituelle et régulière. L’état résultant exprimé par chû est borné à droite et considéré comme temporaire, à la différence de l’état résultant marqué par -teiru. On constate également avec -chû un phénomène de saillance liée à la nature temporaire de l’intervalle, qui donne naissance suivant le contexte à diverses interprétations  d’occasion à saisir, ou au contraire d’interdiction provisoire d’accès, qui le distinguent aussi de -teiru.

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Siti Shofiyatun

Pancasila is a guide for the Indonesian people in society, nation and state. Over time, the ideology of the Pancasila began to fade in people's lives; this could be due to the current of globalization. The community began not to pay too much attention to the values in the Pancasila. As one example this can be seen around the Al-Manar mosque which tends to individualism. The existing Pancasila values seem to be marginalized and become a new problem today. Itmakes writer to examine how the people understand the Pancasila in the Al-Manar mosque and how to plant the values of Pancasila and religious teachings in Muslim life in the Al-Manar mosque The purpose of this paper is to be able to provide insight to the community on the importance of planting Pancasila values and teachings. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Data is collected through observation, interviews and documents related to research. The technique used in analyzing is spreading data, retrieving data according to the problem and drawing conclusions. From the results of the study it was found that the majority of the people in the Al-Manar mosque understood the meaning and function of the Pancasila as the state foundation and unifying the Indonesian nation. Pancasila values do not conflict with the values of Islamic teachings. The pattern of understanding of some Muslim communities in the Al-Manar mosque understands Pancasila as its own ideology, and the teachings of Islam as its own ideology.


2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Hendon

AbstractJames Aimers and colleagues consider the social meaning and function of round structures, a poorly understood but significant architectural feature of many Preclassic Maya sites. Based on my own work on the connection between such structures and the development of social stratification and changes in the relations between households and the state, I offer additional examples of the location and role of these structures in order to expand on the insights offered by Aimers et al.


Author(s):  
Orsolya Száraz

The Institute of Hungarian Literary and Cultural Studies at the University of Debrecen formed a research group in 2010 in order to launch the research of Hungarian realms of memory. This paper was written within the frameworks of the research group. Its basic hypothesis is that the identification of Hungary as the Bastion of Christendom is an established part of Hungarian collective memory. This paper attempts to demonstrate the changes of this realm of memory, regarding its meaning and function, from its formation up to the present day.


Author(s):  
La Ode Sidu ◽  
La Ino ◽  
Nirmalasari

The article titled “Demonstrative Nouns of ini and aini in Muna Language.” The purpose of this article is to analyze the form, meaning, and function of ini and aini in Muna language. The method used is descriptive qualitative with distributional technique. This method is used to describe and analyze the form, meaning, and function of ini and aini. The results of the analysis found that the form of ini is a base or monomorpheme, while the form of aini is a derivative or polymorpheme which consists of morpheme a- and morpheme aini. In construction of phrase, clause, or sentence generally have the same meaning, namely ‘this’. For instance, O lambu ini damasoe and lambu aini damasoe the meaning is ‘The house will be sold.’ However, when it’s examined more closely, both forms of demonstrative ini and aini in distributional are not interchangeable. For instance, *O lambu aini damasoe dan *Lambu ini damasoe. Both of constructions are ungrammatical caused by form ini has a meaning ‘this’, while form aini means ‘which this’. The bound morpheme a- in aini has a function as a noun marker which pointed in article ini called relative noun marker. Thus, demonstrative aini can stand alone as a minor sentence in the answer sentence, e.g., Question: Hamai bokuku kabasa? ‘Where is my reading book?’ Answer: Aini! ‘This’ < (Here is it!). Demonstrative aini when substituted with ini, the construction became ungrammatical, e.g., Question: Hamai bokuku kabasa? ‘Where is my reading book?’ Answer: *ini. Hereafter, the form ini cannot be formed in more complexes, whereas the form aini can be formed again with another bound morpheme, such as: ainihakanau ‘This is me’, ainihako ‘This is you’, ainihakoomu ‘These are you’, ainihae ‘This is he’, ainihada ‘These are they’, and ainihakasami ‘These are we’.


Author(s):  
Erik Gray

Love begets poetry; poetry begets love. These two propositions have seemed evident to thinkers and poets across the Western literary tradition. Plato writes that “anyone that love touches instantly becomes a poet.” And even today, when poetry has largely disappeared from the mainstream of popular culture, it retains its romantic associations. But why should this be so—what are the connections between poetry and erotic love that lead us to associate them so strongly with one another? An examination of different theories of both love and poetry across the centuries reveals that the connection between them is not merely an accident of cultural history—the result of our having grown up hearing, or hearing about, love poetry—but something more intrinsic. Even as definitions of them have changed, the two phenomena have consistently been described in parallel terms. Love is characterized by paradox. Above all, it is both necessarily public, because interpersonal, and intensely private; hence it both requires expression and resists it. In poetry, especially lyric poetry, which features its own characteristic paradoxes and silences, love finds a natural outlet. This study considers both the theories and the love poems themselves, bringing together a wide range of examples from different eras in order to examine the major structures that love and poetry share. It does not aim to be a comprehensive history of Western love poetry, but an investigation into the meaning and function of recurrent tropes, forms, and images employed by poets to express and describe erotic love.


2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Samidi Khalim

Islam Kejawen here is meant as Islam as practiced in the Kingdom of Java. A reflection of Islam Kejawen can be seen in the works of literature written by the kingdom poets. This paper raises thoughts of Kraton Surakarta poet, Ngabehi Sastrawijaya, who lived during the reign of Paku Buwana III and Paku Buwana IV. The works of Sastrawijaya analyzed are Suluk Sajatining Salat and Suluk Salat Sarengat Tarekat Hakekat Makripat stored in the library of the Kingdom of Surakarta Museum, Museum Sasana Pustaka. This article analyzes the text to reveal both the meaning and function of the suluk for Islam Kejawen practice.


2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1441-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qiang Ou ◽  
Le Feng Cheng ◽  
Jian Zhong Wen ◽  
Xuan Yu Qiu ◽  
Tao Yu

Research on reliability of distribution network has very important meaning and function to ensure the quality of power supply. This paper introduces some basic concepts of reliability in distribution network, including distribution network reliability definition, task and index. The classical reliability evaluation method was reviewed, and focused on specific distribution network, an example analysis was given, and specific reliability evaluation indexes were calculated. Finally, the future development of distribution network reliability evaluation was made a simple prospect.


1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schliwa ◽  
U Euteneuer ◽  
W Herzog ◽  
K Weber

Melanophores of the angelfish, pterophyllum scalare, have previously been shown to display approximately 2,400 microtubules in cells wih pigment dispersed; these microtubules radiate from a presumptive organizing center, the central apparatus (CA), and their number is reduced to approximately 1,000 in the state with aggregated pigment (M. Schliwa and U. Euteneuer, 1978, J. Supramol. Struct. 8:177-190). In an attempt to elucidate the factors controlling this rapid reorganization of the microtubule apparatus, structure and function of the CA have been investigated under different physiological conditions. As a function of the state of pigment distribution, melanophores differ markedly with respect to CA organization. A complex of dense amorphous aggregates and associated fuzzy material, several micrometers in diameter, surrounds the centrioles in cells with pigment dispersed, and numerous microtubules emanate from this complex in a radial fashion. In the aggregated state, on the other hand, few microtubules are observed in the pericentiolar region, and the amount of fibrous material is greatly reduced. These changes in CA morphology as a function of the state of pigment distribution are associated with a marked difference in its capacity to initiatiate the assembly of microtubules from exogenous pure porcine brain tubulin in lysed cell preparations. After complete removal of preexisting microtubules, cells lysed in the dispersed state into a solution of 1-2 mg/ml pure tubulin have numerous microtubules associated with the CA in radial fashion, while cells lysed in the aggregated state nucleate the assembly of only a few microtubules. We conclude that it is the activity of the CA that basically regulates the expression of microtubules. This regulation is achieved through a variation in the capacity to initiate microtubule assembly. Increase or decrease in the amount of dense material, as readily observed in the cell system studied here, seems to be a morphologic expression of such a physiologic function.


1965 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
R. D. Huddleston ◽  
J. M. Sinclair ◽  
Mario Pei ◽  
Mitford McLeod Mathews ◽  
Leonard F. Dean ◽  
...  

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