Notes on nesting and parental care in Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in northern Suriname and an analysis of crocodilian nesting habitats

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Ouboter ◽  
Lurly M.R. Nanhoe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Caiman Crocodilus ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Nest Type ◽  
Small Mound ◽  
Nesting Season

AbstractCaiman c. crocodilus constructed nests on small elevations in swamps during the long rainy season (May-July). Eggs were buried just beneath ground level and in addition covered by a small mound of dry leaves. This nest type is intermediate between the hole-type and the mound-type nest. Hatching occurred from the beginning until midway into the long dry season. One of two egg-containing nests studied was destroyed by predators. In the other nest 18 of 28 eggs hatched, which coincides with estimates based on pod sizes and estimated mean clutch sizes. Hatchlings stayed together (sometimes associated with second year caimans) for up to 18 months. Most of these pods were attended by an adult caiman for about seven months, until the beginning of the long rainy season. The sex ratio of newborn young was 0.5, but some pods seemed to consist of one sex only (sex ratio being 0 or 1). These results are compared with data on other populations of C. crocodilus and other crocodilians. In general there is a correlation between the nest type used and the nesting season; hole-nesting species nest in the dry season, whereas mound-nesting species usually nest in the rainy season. Nesting in the dry season by mound-nesting species occurs and possibly can be explained by avoidance of competition with sympatric moud-nesting species.

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

scholarly journals Artrópodos componentes de la dieta de guajolotes de traspatio en el estado de Michoacán, México

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima Tobajas-Andrés ◽  
Aureliano Juárez-Caratachea ◽  
Samuel Pineda ◽  
José Isaac Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physiographic Regions

This note presents the arthropods as part of the diet of creole turkeys reared in backyards. Fifty turkey crops collected from five physiographic regions of Michoacan were examinated; half of them collected during rainy season and the other half during dry season. Arthropods were found only in turkey crops obtained in rainy season, being adult and immature stages of insects (Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) and myriapods (Diplopoda) the common groups component of the diet of backyard-reared creole turkeys.

scholarly journals Productivity and nutritional value of elephant grass BRS Canará forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Eduardo André Ferreira ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves de Abreu ◽  
Junio Cesar Martinez ◽  
Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim ◽  
Arthur Behling Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Quadratic Response

The goal was to determine the ideal cutting age of elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production in the dry and rainy seasons. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks, with five treatments (42, 56, 70, 84, and 98 days in the dry season and 42, 60, 76, 91, and 105 days of regrowth in the rainy season) and four replications each. Agronomic, morphological, and chemical characteristics were evaluated. In the dry season, there was a significant quadratic response for plant height and leaf blade length. For the other characteristics, a significant linear response was observed, except stem diameter. In the rainy season, a quadratic response for the leaf blade length, leaf blade width, and leaf:stem ratio was observed. For the other characteristics, there was a significant linear effect, except for the percentage of dead material. In the dry season, a verified linear response was observed for the chemical characteristics, except neutral detergent insoluble protein. In the rainy season, a linear response was verified for all evaluated characteristics, except acid detergent insoluble protein. Elephant grass BRS Canará for forage production should be cut between 70 and 85 days in the dry season and between 60 and 70 days of regrowth in the rainy season.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Monitoring Level Muka Air Tanah Di Perkebunan Lahan Gambut Menggunakan SMS Sebagai Pengirim Informasi Data Berbasis Mikrokontroler

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
I Wayan Eka Prastia ◽  
I Wayan Arta Wijaya ◽  
I Wayan Sukerayasa
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

The fires of peatlands on oil palm plantations are very vulnerable to occur in the dry season. Fires will arise due to a decrease in the surface of the water resulting in the top layer of peatland becoming dry. Manually monitoring ground level is very difficult. The solution is to make a remote water level monitoring prototype in order to be able to regulate irrigation on peat land and make the system open and close the irrigation door during the dry season and when the rainy season arrives. The design of groundwater level monitoring uses a program installed on the Arduino Uno microcontroller.Water level data is sent by prototype via GSM SIM 800L network, 8 level conditions that have been determined from a depth of 15 cm multiples of five so on to 55 cm. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a detector for water level. Data can be accessed at any time via SMS by sending "Check" to the prototype. The results of the tests performed indicated that the tool can function in accordance with the design and send information as well as receive monitoring orders.

scholarly journals Pemuliaan Tanaman Nilam (Progestemon cablin) Lokal Melalui Perkembangbiakan Vegetatif

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti ◽  
Agus Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Different Seasons

Patchouli essential oil is an dominant product from Batang but its production has not been able to meet export needs. The main problem in the production of essential oil of patchouli is limited amount of seeds and dry season effect on the growth of patchouli. On the other hand, society units of patchouli essential oil is very dependent on the availability of raw materials  of patchouli. Searching of patchouli local varieties must  develop in order to  encourages of sustainibility of patchouli production. The purpose of this activity is search and propagate patchouli plant from local varieties that can survive in different seasons of the year according to the climatic conditions of Batang. The study was conducted with the search and propagation of patchouli plant varieties used by farmers in Batang which is Sidikalang varieties and local varieties originating from Batang region and the surrounding area. Furthermore, the vegetative propagation using cuttings will be use followed by its growth observation during dry and rainy season. Results showed that the activities of patchouli plant local varieties of Bandungan, Kendal and Batang showed the best growth in the dry season. Key words: patchouli, vegetatif growth, essential oil.

scholarly journals CUBA SURFACE ESTIMATION FROM SHORELINE MAPPING, GENERATED BY SENTINEL-2 IMAGE PROCESSING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
D. Ojeda Martínez ◽  
P. Martinez Fernández ◽  
P. C. Matamoros Fombellida ◽  
M. Morejón González ◽  
R. Álvarez Portal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Estimation ◽  
Geographical Elements ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. The coastal with its geographical elements are modified over time, changes that may occur in the long or short term so, shoreline represented in the cartographic documents does not always match with reality. Also, the coastline does not have a well-defined length as results from the fractal-like properties of coastlines, i.e., the fact that a coastline typically has a fractal dimension so, its representation depends to many factors like the cartographic method used, the resolution of the image and the scale of the map. On the other hand, the shoreline is general use to estimate the surface of the landmass, so is important to get a cartographic product with accuracy in a time. Taking into account these elements, this paper is focus in a surface estimation of total Cuban island and keys. To achieved, an expeditious method was used, from the application of geometric corrections to multispectral SENTINEL-2 images, followed by a band algebra using the NDWI index. After those process the automated extraction of shoreline was conducted and finally, refining the vectors by cartographic editing without compromising the accuracy of the results. As a result, two coast lines were obtained from the territory, one in the rainy season and the other in the dry season. The spatial analyses were oriented to surface determination and they were carried out over shoreline in dry season and rainy season, the results were contrasted with the official data published in 2016.

scholarly journals ANALISA POTENSI CURAH HUJAN BERDASARKAN DATA DISTRIBUSI AWAN DAN DATA TEMPERATURE BLACKBODY DI KOTOTABANG SUMATERA BARAT( ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL POTENCY BASED ON CLOUD DISTRIBUTION AND TEMPERATURE BLACKBODY DATA IN KOTOTABANG)

Agromet ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turyanti ◽  
I. Sunarsih ◽  
E. Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Precipitation Increase

<p>Precipitation in West Sumatera was influenced by monsoon circulation and its position in equator, and also the topography of Bukit Barisan. This study is designed to learn more about characteristics of precipitation in West Sumatera (case study in Kototabang) using cloud distribution data from XDR and Temperature Black Body (TBB). The result shows the precipitation increase on the end of February, and XDR data represents the clouds are convective, and also TBB data increasing at the same time. This is the early of rainy season in West Sumatera. On the other season, in the middle of July, the intensity of precipitation decreased, and XDR data shows much clouds are formed, but the rainfall wasvery rare until August. The TBB data also represents decreasing of top clouds temperature, so dry season in West Sumatera begin in the middle of July.</p><p>--------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Curah hujan Sumatera Barat selain dipengaruhi oleh sirkulasi monsoon, juga dipengaruhi oleh posisinya yang dilalui garis khatulistiwa serta kondisi topografi lokal yang berpegunungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang karakteristik curah hujan wilayah Sumatera Barat khususnya Kototabang berdasar distribusi awan dan Temperature Black Body (TBB). Data curah hujan yang dianalisa adalah data curah hujan bulan Januari dan Februari 2004 (menjelang musim hujan), serta bulan Juli dan Agustus 2004 (musim kemarau). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas curah hujan mulai meningkat pada akhir bulan Februari, dan didukung oleh data kondisi awan dari XDR yang menunjukkan pada waktu tersebut awan yang tumbuh adalah awan-awan konvektif yang berpotensi menjadi hujan, serta grafik suhu puncak awan (TBB) yang meningkat tajam. Pada musim kemarau, curah hujan yang rendah terjadi mulai pertengahan Juli. Pada periode 3 Agustus sampai 12 Agustus tidak terjadi hujan. Jumlah awan yang terbentuk pada saat musim kemarau lebih banyak dibandingkan musim hujan tetapi tidak potensial untuk terjadi hujan lebat. Data TBB pada periode ini menurun drastis yang menunjukkan suhu puncak awan yang rendah, tidak berpotensi untuk terjadi hujan.</p>

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Reconstruction of Termite Mounts of the Genus Cubitermes in the Bondoe Savannah Forest, Central African Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Solange Patricia Wango ◽  
Guy Josens ◽  
Lucie Aba-Toumnou
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The use of termite mounds as an alternative to chemical fertilizers has grown in tropical developing countries. Termite mounds also play an important role in ecology and these studies were conducted on dynamic of the reconstruction of termite mounds of the genus Cubitermes in the Bondoé savannah from Central African Republic (CAF). The focus on this particular group may be due to their abundance and conspicuous mounds, compared with the diffuse belowground nests inhabited by soldier less soil-feeding termites. The hypothesis of this work was that the termite mounds of Cubitermes (Cubitermes sankurensis and Cubitermes ugandensis) could be reconstructed after removal of hats, trunks at ground level or when termite mounds are dug up 10 cm below the ground. Five (5) experiments were set up to follow the dynamics of the reconstruction of termite mounds during the dry and rainy seasons. The results show that termite mounds with hats removed in one operation rebuild better the following year (25-30% in the rainy season, 50-60% in the dry season). When the removal was done at ground level, an average of 22.5% reconstruction was recorded in the rainy season and 25-30% reconstruction observed in the dry season after one year. Termite mounds dug 10 cm below the ground did not perform better. The removal of hats during the dry season is an option for the rational management of Cubitermes termite mounds in agriculture in CAR.

Lactation curves of Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian x Gir cows

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Madalena ◽  
M. L. Martinez ◽  
A. F. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactation Curve

ABSTRACTLinear y = a′ + b′x and gamma type y = ea−cx xb models for the lactation curve (y = daily production on day x of lactation) were adjusted to daily production records of 870 lactations. Within- lactations pooled R2 = 0·71 and R2 = 0·74 were respectively obtained for the linear and gamma type models, the latter being preferred for further analyses on account of its general validity under varied circumstances.The parameters a, b, c of individual gamma type lactation curves were analysed by least squares within a subset of 634 lactations from Holstein-Friesian (HPB), 1/2 HPB: 1/2 Gir (F1) and 3/4 HPB: 1/4 Gir (B1) cows. Crossbreds had both higher initial production and higher persistency of lactation than purebred cows. F1's had higher initial production than B1's, both groups having similar persistency of lactation. Cows calving during the rainy season had higher initial production than cows calving in the dry season, which, however, had more persistent lactations. Parity affected only the initial production a parameter, which was lower for first calvers, while the other parity classes had similar a values.

scholarly journals Species composition diversity of aquatic insects in the Binh Hung Hoa biological pond system

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Tho Van Le ◽  
Dang Doan Phan ◽  
My Ngoc Diem Tran ◽  
Huy Duc Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pond System

This study surveyed and analyzed samples of aquatic insects at 10 pondst Binh Hung Hoa biological system on March and August in 2015. The results recorded 31 species belonging to 24 families, 6 orders, include Coleoptera, Diptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. In particular, the larvae of theory derdiptera had the best diversity of composition, wise distribution and high density. However, the larvae of t h e order ephemeroptera and order trichoptera had the least diversity and low level of density and distribution at maturation ponds. Among ponds, the diversity and density of aerobic pond and sedimentation pond were high while the maturation ponds were low. The composition of aquatic insects had high similarity in the same function ponds and low similarity in the different function ponds. The species composition diversity and abundance of aquatic insects were the highest in the sedimentation pond and lowest in the other ponds. In the rainy season, the species composition diversity of aquatic insects were higher than those in the dry season.

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