scholarly journals Dynamics of the Reconstruction of Termite Mounts of the Genus Cubitermes in the Bondoe Savannah Forest, Central African Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Solange Patricia Wango ◽  
Guy Josens ◽  
Lucie Aba-Toumnou
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Set Up ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The use of termite mounds as an alternative to chemical fertilizers has grown in tropical developing countries. Termite mounds also play an important role in ecology and these studies were conducted on dynamic of the reconstruction of termite mounds of the genus Cubitermes in the Bondoé savannah from Central African Republic (CAF). The focus on this particular group may be due to their abundance and conspicuous mounds, compared with the diffuse belowground nests inhabited by soldier less soil-feeding termites. The hypothesis of this work was that the termite mounds of Cubitermes (Cubitermes sankurensis and Cubitermes ugandensis) could be reconstructed after removal of hats, trunks at ground level or when termite mounds are dug up 10 cm below the ground. Five (5) experiments were set up to follow the dynamics of the reconstruction of termite mounds during the dry and rainy seasons. The results show that termite mounds with hats removed in one operation rebuild better the following year (25-30% in the rainy season, 50-60% in the dry season). When the removal was done at ground level, an average of 22.5% reconstruction was recorded in the rainy season and 25-30% reconstruction observed in the dry season after one year. Termite mounds dug 10 cm below the ground did not perform better. The removal of hats during the dry season is an option for the rational management of Cubitermes termite mounds in agriculture in CAR.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

scholarly journals Sexual behavior of 'morada nova' breeding sheep under semi-intensive rearing during the mating season in the brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3657
Author(s):  
Luana de Fátima Damasceno dos Santos ◽  
Edgard Cavalcanti Pimenta Filho ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Execution Frequency ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Intensive System

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior of 'Morada Nova' breeding sheep reared in the Brazilian semi-arid during dry and rainy seasons in a semi-intensive system. The behavioral data were gathered from 4 rams and 114 ewes, among which 55 during the rainy season and the other 59 females in the dry season. The behavioral observations were conducted from 6 am to 5 pm, during both periods. The observations were carried out continuously and split into 'event' (execution frequency) and 'state' (execution time). During the rainy season, the breeding sheep showed the most efficient sexual behavior, with a shorter reaction time (RT) and less frequent mount attempts (MA), being of 122 sec and 2.97, respectively. However, throughout the dry period, some sexual behaviors such as sniffing the urogenital of females (SUF), penis exposure (EXP), head tossing (HT), and courting of females (FC) became more frequent, mainly in the afternoon, as with the flehmen response (FR). Male courting behavior was more evident in the rainy season during the end of the day, remaining less active during the dry period. Sexual behavior intensity in 'Morada Nova' sheep varies throughout the day, especially in the dry season.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION ON PREGNANCY IN WHITE FULANI (BUNAJI) CATTLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
E. C. I. Molokwu ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
S. M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Plasma Phosphorus ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

THE effect of bone meal supplementation on pregnancy and plasma phosphorus level in White Fulani (Bunaji) cattle was investigated over a 13-month period. The monthly mean plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus for supplemented Cows varied from 4.63mg/100ml in dry season to 8.09mg/100ml in the rainy season in contrast to 3.07 to 7.09/100ml in the dry and rainy seasons respectively, for the controls. Bonemeal supplementation resulted in earlier conception and calving. Fifty percent of the supplemented cows calved by the end of the period of supplementation in contrast to 25 percent of the controls. By two months after the study period, 100% of cows that received the supplementation had conceived compared with 87.50% of the controls. It is concluded from the study that bonemeal is a practical method for improving the fertility of White Fulani cattle in the grazing areas of Nigeria where soil and forage are deficient in phosphorus 

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND SEASONALITY OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN ZARIA, NIGERIA: A TEN YEAR NECROPSY STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
P. D Halle ◽  
M. A. Raji ◽  
N. D. G. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Livestock Diseases ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

A ten-year (1986 - 1995) record of necropsy report on diagnosed livestock diseases in Zaria, Kaduna State is evaluated to determine the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of the major livestock diseases in the Northern part of Nigeria. A total 1093 animals comprising 132 cattle, 240 goat 318 shell, 20 horses, 47 pigs and 336dogs were examined at necropsy. Some diseases such as cowdriosis, Pneumonia, Ectoparasitism, and Haemonchosis showed seasonal fluctuation while others like Babesiosis, Trypanosomiasis and physical injuries were evenly distributed throughout the year. The major problem of livestock in Zaria was Pneunonia (247 cases) with a seasonal occurrence of 38.6% and 61.31% for the dry and rainy seasons respectively. During the rainy season, cowdriosis (17.42%) in cattle, Pneumonia (25.0%, 21.10% and 20.0%) in goats, sheep and horses; gastroenteritis (14.89%) and starvation/malnutrition (14.89%) in pigs and rabies (8.93%) in dogs were the major problems. Starvation/malnutrition (4.17%) in Goats and gastroenteritis (12.5%) were more prevalent during the dry season. The relevance during of this report to effective control measures for the livestock resources in Nigeria is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Caatinga Albedo Preserved and Replaced by Pasture in Northeast Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Alcindo Mariano Souza ◽  
Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva ◽  
Bergson Guedes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The caatinga is considered South America’s largest seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and one of the most vulnerable endemic biomes in relation to climate change. The surface albedo in caatinga is relevant to understanding the role of this biome in the climate of the Northeast region of Brazil. Thus, a comparative analysis was conducted between the albedos of preserved and anthropized caatinga (pasture). Data were collected using CNR4-type net radiometers during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean albedo values were higher in the Pasture both in the dry and rainy season, with values of 0.181 and 0.177, respectively. In the caatinga, the mean albedo values were 0.137 in the dry season and 0.146 in the rainy season. The hourly average values for albedo, taken between 6:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., with intervals of 30 min, were also higher in the pasture. For convenience, this study uses local standard time (LST), which is 3 h behind from coordinated universal time (UTC). The greatest dispersions in the frequencies of the mean hourly albedo values occurred in the early morning and late afternoon. Some of the consequences of this study is the confirmation that there is an increase in albedo in caatinga replaced by pasture and this causes a reduction in the net radiation and also the finding that a region where there is adequate pasture management also enables albedo management and from solar radiation. And that further studies can indicate the impacts on temperature and precipitation, especially in warmer periods during the dry season.

Kondisi Gradien Temperatur terhadap Proses Pengenceran Smog Fotokimia di Cekungan Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Sumaryati Sumaryati ◽  
Asri Indrawati ◽  
Dyah Aries Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Photochemical Smog ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Basin Topography ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACTBig cities with valley or basin topography such as Bandung, generally have problems with air pollution due to the inversion layer and photochemical smog formations. The inversion conditions cause photochemical smog settling so that the air looks dark on the surface. This study was conducted to analyze the character of inversion events in Bandung due to vertical temperature changes. The inversion layer is obtained from the TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) model and in situ measurement of vertical temperatures by flying a temperature sensor to get the temperature profile. The TAPM running model is carried out in July and December following the dry and rainy seasons. In situ temperature observations are carried out in September 2018 using a drone according to the dry season and data corresponding to the rainy season using data from previous research with a radiosonde balloon. The running model results show that the inversion layer in the rainy season is stronger and more persistent than in the dry season. The inversion layer at night until morning occurs at the surface level, then the inversion layer rises, and finally, the inversion layer breaks up around 10:00 in July and around 12:00 in December. Validation with in situ measurements shows similarity in the pattern. The inversion event correlates with the subsidence and dilution of smog and photochemical smog pollutants from the edge of the Bandung Basin area.Keywords: basin, urban, photochemical smog, inversionABSTRAKKota besar dengan topografi berbentuk lembah atau cekungan seperti Bandung, umumnya memiliki masalah dengan polusi udara karena adanya pembentukkan lapisan inversi dan smog fotokimia. Kondisi inversi menyebabkan terjadinya pengendapan smog fotokimia, sehingga udara terlihat gelap pada permukaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakter kejadian inversi di Cekungan Bandung akibat dari perubahan temperatur vertikal. Lapisan inversi diperoleh dari model TAPM (Model Polusi Udara) dan pengukuran in situ temperatur vertikal dengan menerbangkan sensor suhu untuk mendapatkan profil suhu. Running model TAPM dilakukan pada bulan Juli dan bulan Desember berkesesuaian dengan musim kemarau dan hujan, sedangkan pengamatan temperatur in situ dilakukan pada bulan September 2018 dengan menggunakan wahana drone yang berkesesuaian dengan musim kemarau, serta untuk data yang berkesesuaian dengan musim hujan menggunakan data hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan wahana balon radiosonde. Hasil running model menunjukkan, lapisan inversi pada musim hujan lebih kuat dan lebih persisten dari pada musim kemarau. Lapisan inversi pada malam sampai pagi hari terjadi pada level permukaan, kemudian lapisan inversi ini naik dan akhirnya lapisan inversi pecah sekitar pukul 10:00 pada bulan Juli dan sekitar pukul 12:00 pada bulan Desember. Validasi dengan pengukuran in situ menunjukkan kemiripan pola. Kejadian inversi berkorelasi dengan pengendapan dan pengenceran polutan smog dan smog fotokimia dari pinggir Cekungan Bandung. Kata kunci: cekungan, urban, smog fotokimia, inversi

scholarly journals Multi-Drug Resistant and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from Shellfish in Iko Creek, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Udoekong, Nsikan S. ◽  
Akan, Otobong D. ◽  
James, Iniobong I. ◽  
Agbo, Bassey E. ◽  
Umoh, Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistant (PMQR) genes in Salmonella enterica isolated from shellfish in Iko Creek, Nigeria. Study Design: This is an experimental research that studied Salmonella enterica isolated from shellfish to determine its association with MDR and PMQR using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried within Iko Creek, South-South Nigeria for a period of one year (March-July and August to February 2017). Methodology: A total of 160 shellfish samples (80 clams and 80 oysters) were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica using standard bacteriological methods. In all, 22(52.4%) were positive for clams while 20(47.6%) for oysters. The bacterium was identified using phenotypic methods. The antibiotics used for the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were amoxicillin, quinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolide and sulfonamide. Confirmation of the isolates was done by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene; results obtained were then compared with that in the gene bank. The isolate was identified as Salmonella enterica. Results: The mean heterotrophic bacterial counts (THBC) in clams ranged from 5.25 x 106 to 3.71 x 107 (Cfu/g) in the dry season and 3.05 x 106 to 2.33 x106 (Cfu/g) in the rainy season. The mean THB counts in oyster was 3.27 x 108 to 1.59 x 108(Cfu/g) in the dry season and 2.54 x 107 to 4.39 x 106 (Cfu/g) in the rainy season. Salmonella enterica showed resistance to all the antibiotics tested except gentamicin. Seventy-one (71) percent of the isolates in this study expressed the qnrB genes. Conclusion: The presence of qnr B genes and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in the isolate’s gene according to this study is an indicator of treatment failure with antibiotics.

Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Neves ◽  
E.J.B. Lima ◽  
C.D. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Disc Diameter ◽  
Carijoa Riisei ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The present work records for the first time the association between ophiuroids and the octocoral Carijoa riisei. Carijoa riisei is a colonial octocoral very abundant in the littoral of Pernambuco (Brazil), with growth by creeping stolons with an arborescent structure creating an optimal environment for epibionts. The objectives of the work were to identify the species of Ophiuroidea associated with C. riisei, and to verify the existence of seasonality through the density, abundance and frequency of sampled taxa. Due to the known relationship between the ophiuroids and sponges related in the literature, the sponges founded associated with C. riisei were recorded. Seasonal samples of the beaches of Porto de Galinhas and Guadalupe were realized. In Guadalupe, 39 and 21 ophiuroids (dry and rainy seasons respectively) belonging to the families Ophiactidae (Ophiactis savignyi, Ophiactis lymani) and Ophiotrichidae (Ophiotrhix angulata) were identified. Ophiactis savignyi stood out in all the analysed stations (48.72% in dry season and 52.38% in rainy season). The average density of the ophiuroids was 10.74 ind/100 g of C. riisei, varying from 12.56 ind/100 g in the dry season to 8.92 ind/100 g, in the rainy season. Amongst the species of ophiuroids recorded in the samples, O. savignyi showed 80% and 100% frequency of occurrence in the dry and the rainy seasons, respectively, and O. lymani showed 80% during the dry season. The presence of O. lymani in Guadalupe constitutes the first record in Pernambuco state. Taking into account that all the ophiuroids collected in Guadalupe were considered juveniles (1–3 mm of disc diameter), the microhabitat created by C. riisei may be utilized as a recruitment place for some ophiuroids. No ophiuroids were found at Porto de Galinhas beach, just as for sponges. On the other hand, the ophiuroids were always found with sponges in Guadalupe beach. For this reason, the ecological relation of the ophiuroids with C. riisei could be observed as an occasional relation, in the way that the octocoral supplies a support structure to the growth of the many sponges that have given a favourable habitat to shelter ophiuroids.

scholarly journals The diversity of intertidal fish in Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during dry and rainy seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Namastra Probosunu ◽  
Atika Arifati ◽  
Tika Drastiana ◽  
Fitriana C. Rusnasari
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The intertidal zone is a transition area between sea and land with unique characteristics. This research aimed to determine the diversity and types of fish in the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was conducted in December 2016–September 2017 along the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach. Fish samples were collected by fishermen twice a month using a hand net and hand line in an area of 22,000 m2 by random sampling. Water quality data included air and water temperatures, pH, salinity, tides, rainfall intensity, and substratum. Fish samples were identified, and the total length and weight were measured. Results showed that carnivores and herbivores were dominant during the rainy season, whereas carnivores and omnivores were dominant during the dry season. Total of 179 fish, which were grouped into 18 families and 31 species. The diversity species index was 1.067 (intermediate diversity) during the rainy season but 0.19 (low diversity) during the dry season. The dominancy index was low (0.11–0.34) during the dry season, whereas during the rainy season was higher (0.18–0.72). The study concluded that the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach has a good condition as nursery, feeding, and spawning grounds for fishes.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Monitoring Level Muka Air Tanah Di Perkebunan Lahan Gambut Menggunakan SMS Sebagai Pengirim Informasi Data Berbasis Mikrokontroler

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
I Wayan Eka Prastia ◽  
I Wayan Arta Wijaya ◽  
I Wayan Sukerayasa
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

The fires of peatlands on oil palm plantations are very vulnerable to occur in the dry season. Fires will arise due to a decrease in the surface of the water resulting in the top layer of peatland becoming dry. Manually monitoring ground level is very difficult. The solution is to make a remote water level monitoring prototype in order to be able to regulate irrigation on peat land and make the system open and close the irrigation door during the dry season and when the rainy season arrives. The design of groundwater level monitoring uses a program installed on the Arduino Uno microcontroller.Water level data is sent by prototype via GSM SIM 800L network, 8 level conditions that have been determined from a depth of 15 cm multiples of five so on to 55 cm. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a detector for water level. Data can be accessed at any time via SMS by sending "Check" to the prototype. The results of the tests performed indicated that the tool can function in accordance with the design and send information as well as receive monitoring orders.

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