Observations on nest dynamics and embryonic and larval development in the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

AbstractNests and larval development of the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber were studied in southeastern Brazil, during the rainy season of 1988-1989. Nests were built at the pond margins, exclusively by males, and varied in shape, size, and composition in relation to the substrate. Nests were used by 1-4 individual males and housed larvae for a mean of 26 days; 0-6 egg clutches were deposited in a nest. Larvae from individual clutches stayed inside the nests for 8-38 days. Embryonic development occurred within the first 210 h after fertilization and larval development, inside an enclosure installed in a pond, lasted over 8 months. Mortality inside the nests was due to nest water evaporation and/or drainage, to eggs sinking in the first hours after fertilization, or to predation by aquatic insects. Slow larval development in Hyla faber seems to be related to breeding in permanent ponds. Nest building in Hyla faber and related species may have evolved from the habit of using natural depressions for egg laying observed in other morphologically similar species.

Two new species of Nitzschia (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from tropical reservoirs of southeastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 399 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
ELTON A. LEHMKUHL ◽  
EDUARDO A. MORALES ◽  
PRISCILA I. TREMARIN ◽  
ELAINE C. R. BARTOZEK ◽  
STÉFANO ZORZAL-ALMEIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Tropical Reservoirs ◽  
Two New Species

In the present study, two new species of Nitzschia Hassall, Nitzschia pusilluhasta sp. nov. and Nitzschia australodesertorum sp. nov. are described from reservoirs in the state of São Paulo southeast Brazil. The morphology of the new species was analysed using light and electron microscopy. Nitzschia pusilluhasta is distinguished from morphologically related species by its valve outline, the shape of apices and fibulae, the absence of a gap between central fibulae, and the density of striae and areolae. Nitzschia australodesertorum differs from morphologically similar species in its valve outline, the shape of apices and fibulae, the presence of a gap between the central fibulae, and the density of fibulae and striae. The morphology and ecology of the new species are discussed and compared with morphologically related taxa. Information on the co-occurrence of other diatom species in the samples is also provided.

External changes in embryonic and larval development of Odontophrynus cordobae Martino et Sinsch, 2002 (Anura: Cycloramphidae)

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Grenat ◽  
Lucio Zavala Gallo ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Adolfo Martino
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

AbstractWe provide the first description of development for a species belonging to Odontophrynus genus by describing all external changes of embryonic and larval stages for Odontophrynus cordobae. External morphological changes through development were analyzed on specimens bred in captivity. Embryonic and larval development, from fertilization to metamorphosis, was completed in 62 days and 46 stages were defined. We split the staging series into ten developmental groups: fertilization (stages 1 and 2); segmentation (stages 3–9); gastrulation (stages 10–12); neurulation (stages 13–16); elongation (stages 17–19); external gill larva (stages 20–24); internal gill larva (stage 25); pre-metamorphosis (stages 26–41); pro-metamorphosis (stage 42); metamorphic climax (stages 43–46). Marked increases in total length were evidenced during elongation and during stage 25, when the tadpole begins to feed. Stage 25 was the longest one (8 days) and it was related to organs rearrangement, morphological progression and body mass increment typical of free life larval form. Similar studies on related species are needed to compare different developmental stages at different taxonomic levels.

scholarly journals Oviposition observation of Tropidodryas serra (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Edelcio Muscat ◽  
Elsie Rotenberg ◽  
Iberê Farina Machado
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Reproductive Events

Tropidodryas serra is an endemic snake from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and despite its wide distribution, little is known about its ecology. Tropidodryas serra is an oviparous snake, but there are few available data on its  reproductive cycle. In this paper, we present the first report of oviposition of T. serra in captivity with successfully hatching. A pregnant female was captured in the area of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Dacnis Project, Ubatuba-SP, southeastern Brazil, and held captive. The spawning of 7 eggs and the development of offspring were observed. The eggs (measuring 4x1.35 cm in average) hatched in 90 days, with 6 healthy neonates and 1 stillborn. Based on a unique successful hatching of T. serra eggs in captivity, the present study confirmed with naturalistic data reproductive characteristics of the species, such as egg laying in December and low number of atresic eggs, corroborating that the species should present few reproductive events and concentrated throughout the rainy season.

Microscopic and ultrastructural observations of embryonic and larval development in Sipunculus nudus

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei ZHANG ◽  
Ruijuan HAO ◽  
Qingheng WANG ◽  
Chuangye YANG ◽  
Xiaodong DU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Increased water temperature interrupts embryonic and larval development of Indian major carp rohu Labeo rohita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashaf-Ud-Doulah ◽  
S. M. Majharul Islam ◽  
Md Mahiuddin Zahangir ◽  
Md Sadiqul Islam ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

scholarly journals Three-dimensional niche partitioning between two colonially nesting ardeid species in central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxing Ye ◽  
Canshi Hu ◽  
Yiting Jiang ◽  
Geoffrey W. H. Davison ◽  
Changqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Central China ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Wetland Birds ◽  
Cattle Egret ◽  
River Banks

Abstract Background Interspecific competition is known to be strongest between those species that are both closely related and sympatric. Egrets are colonially nesting wetland birds that often overlap and can therefore be expected to compete in roosting and nesting habitat as well as in diet. According to the niche partitioning hypothesis, it is to be expected that these similar species would show differentiation in at least one of the main niche dimensions to reduce competition. We tested niche partitioning between the colonially nesting Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) in temporal, spatial and trophic dimensions. Methods Field study was conducted in three mixed egret colonies in Yangxian County, southwest Shaanxi Province, central China. For each nest colony we recorded its spatial location, the height of nesting trees and of nests, the height of roosting trees and of roosting individuals within the trees. We determined the first egg-laying and first hatching dates of the two species. Craw dissection of storm-killed egret nestlings was used to measure the diet. Six transects were surveyed to study foraging habitat selection. Results We found that hatching time of Little Egrets peaked earlier (by about 1 month) than that of Cattle Egrets. Cattle Egrets nested and roosted higher than Little Egrets. The foraging habitats used by Little Egrets were dominated by river banks (73.49%), followed by paddy fields (13.25%) and reservoirs (10.84%), whereas Cattle Egret foraging sites were characterized by grasslands (44.44%), paddy fields (33.33%) and river banks (22.22%). Little Egrets consumed more fishes (65.66%) and Odonata larvae (13.69%) than Cattle Egrets, while Cattle Egrets were found feeding mainly on Coleoptera (29.69%) and Orthoptera (23.29%). Little Egrets preyed on larger mean biomasses of food items than Cattle Egrets. Conclusions Our results confirm the niche partitioning hypothesis as a mechanism for coexistence among ecologically similar species. In two coexisting egret species, niche partitioning is multidimensional, such that the two coexistent species occupy differing ecological space based on all three temporal, spatial and trophic niche dimensions.

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

Neurogenesis in the thoracic neuromeres of two crustaceans with different types of metamorphic development

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (17) ◽  
pp. 2465-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Harzsch ◽  
J Miller ◽  
J Benton ◽  
RR Dawirs ◽  
B Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Metamorphic Development ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The mode of embryonic and larval development and the ethology of metamorphosis in the spider crab and the American lobster are very different, and we took advantage of this to compare neuronal development in the two species. The goals of this study were to discover whether the differences in the maturation of the neuromuscular system in the pereopods and the metamorphic changes of motor behavior between the two species are reflected at the level of the developing nervous system ('neurometamorphosis'). Furthermore, we wanted to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that govern neuronal development in arthropods. Proliferation of neuronal stem cells in thoracic neuromeres 4-8 of the lobster Homarus americanus and the crab Hyas araneus was monitored over the course of embryonic and larval development using the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Neuropil structure was visualized using an antibody against Drosophila synapsin. While proliferation of neuronal precursors has ceased when embryogenesis is 80 % complete (E80%) in the lobster thoracic neuromeres, proliferation of neuroblasts in the crab persists throughout embryonic development and into larval life. The divergent temporal patterns of neurogenesis in the two crustacean species can be correlated with differences in larval life style and in the degree of maturation of the thoracic legs during metamorphic development. Several unusual aspects of neurogenesis reported here distinguish these crustaceans from other arthropods. Lobsters apparently lack a postembryonic period of proliferation in the thoracic neuromeres despite the metamorphic remodeling that takes place in the larval stages. In contrast, an increase in mitotic activity towards the end of embryonic development is found in crabs, and neuroblast proliferation persists throughout the process of hatching into the larval stages. In both E20% lobster embryos and mid-embryonic crabs, expression of engrailed was found in a corresponding set of neurons and putative glial cells at the posterior neuromere border, suggesting that these cells have acquired similar specific identities and might, therefore, be homologous. None of the BrdU-labeled neuroblasts (typically 6-8 per hemineuromere over a long period of embryogenesis) was positive for engrailed at this and subsequent stages. Our findings are discussed in relation to the spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis in insects.

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