Neurogenesis in the thoracic neuromeres of two crustaceans with different types of metamorphic development

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (17) ◽  
pp. 2465-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Harzsch ◽  
J Miller ◽  
J Benton ◽  
RR Dawirs ◽  
B Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Metamorphic Development ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The mode of embryonic and larval development and the ethology of metamorphosis in the spider crab and the American lobster are very different, and we took advantage of this to compare neuronal development in the two species. The goals of this study were to discover whether the differences in the maturation of the neuromuscular system in the pereopods and the metamorphic changes of motor behavior between the two species are reflected at the level of the developing nervous system ('neurometamorphosis'). Furthermore, we wanted to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that govern neuronal development in arthropods. Proliferation of neuronal stem cells in thoracic neuromeres 4-8 of the lobster Homarus americanus and the crab Hyas araneus was monitored over the course of embryonic and larval development using the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Neuropil structure was visualized using an antibody against Drosophila synapsin. While proliferation of neuronal precursors has ceased when embryogenesis is 80 % complete (E80%) in the lobster thoracic neuromeres, proliferation of neuroblasts in the crab persists throughout embryonic development and into larval life. The divergent temporal patterns of neurogenesis in the two crustacean species can be correlated with differences in larval life style and in the degree of maturation of the thoracic legs during metamorphic development. Several unusual aspects of neurogenesis reported here distinguish these crustaceans from other arthropods. Lobsters apparently lack a postembryonic period of proliferation in the thoracic neuromeres despite the metamorphic remodeling that takes place in the larval stages. In contrast, an increase in mitotic activity towards the end of embryonic development is found in crabs, and neuroblast proliferation persists throughout the process of hatching into the larval stages. In both E20% lobster embryos and mid-embryonic crabs, expression of engrailed was found in a corresponding set of neurons and putative glial cells at the posterior neuromere border, suggesting that these cells have acquired similar specific identities and might, therefore, be homologous. None of the BrdU-labeled neuroblasts (typically 6-8 per hemineuromere over a long period of embryogenesis) was positive for engrailed at this and subsequent stages. Our findings are discussed in relation to the spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis in insects.

Characterization and expression patterns of wnt4 in Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) (Caridea, Palaemonidae) during embryonic and larval development

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Chen ◽  
Meng Jie Wang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Hai Hua Wang ◽  
Huan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Integration Site ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Exopalaemon Carinicauda ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Abstract Wnt4 (Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 4) has been demonstrated to play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell proliferation, and differentiation in vertebrates, but its function in crustaceans is still not clear. In the present study, the full-length wnt4 cDNA sequence was cloned and characterized for the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. The expression patterns of the wnt4 mRNA in embryos and larvae at different stages were investigated. The tissue distribution showed that wnt4 was obviously expressed in eyestalk and hepatopancreas. During embryonic development, the wnt4 was highly expressed in all developmental stages except the zygote, two-cell stage, and late zoaea stage. The wnt4 mRNA was expressed in Z1-Z5 and post-larval stages. Taken together, the present study indicates that the wnt4 gene may be involved in the regulation of embryonic and larval development in the ridgetail white prawn.

V - The development of Haliotis Tuberculata , with special reference to organogenesis during torsion

1937 ◽  
Vol 228 (552) ◽  
pp. 219-268 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Haliotis Tuberculata ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Selection Of

Investigation of the development of Haliotis tuberculata , Linnaeus, was undertaken as a natural sequel to an examination of the bionomics and anatomy of Haliotis (Crofts 1929, p. 159). It is an attempt to elucidate the organogenesis during the changing larval habits, in the hope of adding to the scanty ontogenetical evidence available towards solving the problems of gastropod evolution. Excellent accounts of the embryonic phase, including patiently worked out details of the cleavage and of gastrulation, have been published for Crepidula (Conklin 1897), Patella (Patten 1886; Wilson 1904; and Smith 1935), Trochus (Robert 1902), Physa (Wierzejski 1905), Dentalium (Wilson 1904). The only comprehensive accounts of gastropod larval development already published are of Paludina (Erlanger 1891; Tonniges 1896; Drummond 1902; Andersen 1924) and of Patella (Patten 1886; Smith I935). The accounts of Paludina elucidate the details of development of the coelom and its derivatives. The viviparous habit and consequent loss of free larval life in Paludina , however, make it a very unsuitable example of gastropod development. Evolutionary stages are more likely to be traced from the development of less specialized gastropods, an adequate selection of whose free-living larval stages can be obtained. The larval development of Patel, Acmaea, Trochus and Haliotis has been described, in varying completeness for the different genera. Patten’s work on Patella coerulea (1886) gives a description only of the beginning of organogenesis. After a lapse of fifty years a more detailed account of the development of P. vulgata has been given by Smith (1935). This work gives a new interpretation of the development of the mesoderm, of the muscles and of the nervous system. The dorsal retractor muscle of the larva, which Patten indicated for P. coerula , is shown in P. vulgata to be placed asymmetrically and torsion takes place “ under the action” of this muscle.

External changes in embryonic and larval development of Odontophrynus cordobae Martino et Sinsch, 2002 (Anura: Cycloramphidae)

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Grenat ◽  
Lucio Zavala Gallo ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Adolfo Martino
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

AbstractWe provide the first description of development for a species belonging to Odontophrynus genus by describing all external changes of embryonic and larval stages for Odontophrynus cordobae. External morphological changes through development were analyzed on specimens bred in captivity. Embryonic and larval development, from fertilization to metamorphosis, was completed in 62 days and 46 stages were defined. We split the staging series into ten developmental groups: fertilization (stages 1 and 2); segmentation (stages 3–9); gastrulation (stages 10–12); neurulation (stages 13–16); elongation (stages 17–19); external gill larva (stages 20–24); internal gill larva (stage 25); pre-metamorphosis (stages 26–41); pro-metamorphosis (stage 42); metamorphic climax (stages 43–46). Marked increases in total length were evidenced during elongation and during stage 25, when the tadpole begins to feed. Stage 25 was the longest one (8 days) and it was related to organs rearrangement, morphological progression and body mass increment typical of free life larval form. Similar studies on related species are needed to compare different developmental stages at different taxonomic levels.

Embryonic and larval development and segment formation in Ibla quadrivalivis Cuv. (Cirripedia).

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinity ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Embryonic development in I. quadrivalvis follows the typical cirripede pattern except for modifications of cleavage and of development of the gut, associated with a large yolky egg. The nauplius is free-swimming but lecithotrophic. It does not grow, and moults irregularly. The development of cypris features begins precociously and the second half of naupliar life is demersal. The cypris stage is unmodified. Settling was not observed. The maxillary segments develop as a delayed continuation of the naupliar segmental sequence, the thoracic segments from a growth zone of seven ectoteloblasts and eight mesoteloblasts. Each row of eight cells budded from the mesoteloblasts develops into the paired somites of a segment. The midgut develops independently of the yolk cells. In cirripedes, increased yolk results in modification of cleavage and gut development but otherwise has little influence on embryonic development. Larval modifications associated with lecithotrophy promote direct development of the cypris but do not include modification of the cypris. Irregularity of moulting is associated with lack of larval growth. Relative brood sizes suggest that increased yolk in cirripedes offers advantages in larval survival. Post-naupliar segment formation in cirripedes resembles in detail that of Malacostraca, indicating a possible phylogenetic affinity between Malacostraca and Maxillopoda which can be tested by further studies on segment formation in non- Malacostraca.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis and larval ontogeny of the "piau-gordura", Leporinus piau (Fowler) (Pisces, Anostomidae) after induced spawning

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Borçato ◽  
Nilo Bazzoli ◽  
Yoshimi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Exogenous Feeding ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Final Development ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Vegetative Pole ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

Mature males and females of Leporinus piau (Fowler, 1941) were induced to reproduce through a hypophysation process. Extrusion occurred 12 h or 312 hours-degree after the hypophysation, at a water temperature of 26°C. Fertilized eggs were maintained in incubators at 24°C. Embryonic development, was evaluated using every 10 minutes, fresh egg samples which were analyzed under stereoscopic microscope. The larvae were collected at 24-hour intervals for seven days after hatching, fixed in Bouin's fluid and were submitted to routine histological techniques. The eggs of L. piau were slightly gray, non-adhesive and round-shaped. After 1.5 h the embryo was at the 64-blastomere phase and showed a wide yolk region on the vegetative pole. Within 6.25 h, blastopore closure and the end of gastrula was observed. The differentiation of layers occurred after 7.5 h and hatching after 21 h after fertilization at 24°C or 504 hours-degree. During the first three days of the larvae development there was a gradual yolk sac reduction until its complete absorption on the fourth day, indicating the necessity of exogenous feeding. From the fourth to the seventh day, the final development of the heart, gill arches, swimblader, kidney, hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine were observed. The embryonic and larval development of L. piau were similar to other Anastomidae species.

scholarly journals Embryonic and larval development of guchibaim, Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton)

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MI Miah ◽  
MAH Taher ◽  
MM Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development ◽  
Early Gastrula ◽  
Total Average

The embryonic and larval development of local Guchibaim, Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton) was studied during May to October 2007. This study presents preliminary observations on the embryonic and larval development of Mastacembelus pancalus under laboratory conditions. The parents stock was collected from different places of Mymensingh district. The eggs were obtained through induction of spawning by use of hormones. At fertilization; the eggs were 0.50 mm in diameter. Samples were taken every 10 minutes interval till completion of morula and then every 1 hour interval up to hatching. After hatching, daily observations took place until the attainment of the fingerling stage. The eggs presented coloration varying from yellow to brownish-green. They were spherical, demersal and adhesive. The stages of embryonic development observed with cleavage, followed by blastula, morula, early gastrula, middle gastrula, late gastrula and until hatching of non-pigmented larvae which displayed total average length of 1.3 mm ± 0.22, 35 hours after fertilization. First cleavage was recorded within 1.05 hrs after fertilization and the embryonic rudiments of developing eggs appeared at 24.30 hrs at 27.0-31.0°C. The yolk sac was completely absorbed at 67 hrs during embryonic development on attainment of 5.50 mm total length. At the same time the digestive system became fully developed and the larvae searched for feeding. Keywords: Embryo; Larvae; Guchibaim; Mastacembelus pancalus DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4984 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 193-204, 2009

Larval Development of the Spider Crab Acanthonyx Petiverii H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (Decapoda, Majidae) in the Laboratory

Crustaceana ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Mary Hiyodo ◽  
Maria Lúcia Negreiros Fransozo ◽  
Adilson Fransozo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Artemia Nauplii

AbstractThe larval development of Acanthonyx petiaerii H. M. Edwards, 1834, was studied in the laboratory through eggs hatched from ovigerous females collected in Ubatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The rearings were carried out in a climatic room with constant temperature (25° ±1° C) and salinity (34,5‰). The larvae were maintained individually and the food consisted of Artemia nauplii. The larval development of A. petiverii consists of two zoeal stages and a megalopa. All the larval stages were drawn and described in detail. Tables include those presenting morphological characters that allow the identification of zoeae and megalopa of A. petiverii. A comparative study was realized with previously studied majid species that occur in southern and southeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Observations on the early development of the kelpfish Myxodes viridis (Clinidae) with the first description of their spawning habitat in subtidal kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Catalina S. Ruz ◽  
Vladimir Garmendia ◽  
Rodrigo Muñoz-Cordovez ◽  
Evie Wieters ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Matus
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Lessonia Trabeculata ◽  
Elastic Filament ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Spawning Sites

The spawning sites, embryonic development, and initial larval stages were described for the Chilean kelpfish, Myxodes viridis. Six different egg clutches were found attached by an elastic filament to the fronds of the subtidal kelp, Lessonia trabeculata, at shallow depths (0-7 m). All egg clutches were cared by one large (>15 cm TL) male, and egg color varied depending on the developmental stage. Embryonic development until hatching was categorized into 7 stages, which were completed within about 18 days in the laboratory. Recently hatched larvae presented fully pigmented eyes, a well-developed mouth with major shape changes in the head during the first week suggesting their ability to feed on plankton early in their larval development.

Morphology of the larval stages of the spider crab Herbstia condyliata (Fabricius, 1787) (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) obtained in laboratory conditions

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1726 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO GUERAO ◽  
PERE ABELLÓ ◽  
CORAL HISPANO
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The complete larval development of the majoid crab Herbstia condyliata (Fabricius, 1787) from the western Mediterranean was obtained from laboratory culture. All larval stages (two zoeal stages and the megalopa) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time. The morphology of the zoeae and megalopa is compared with the corresponding stages of other known species of the family Pisidae. The zoeal stages of H. condyliata present a pleon with unusual characters within the Pisidae such as the presence of dorsolateral processes in pleomere 3, two dorsal setae in pleomeres 2–4 (second zoea) and the very long posterolateral processes in pleomeres 3–4. The megalopa can be differentiated from other Pisidae species by the presence of a very developed cardiac tubercle on the carapace and the absence of plumose setae on the basal segment of the first maxilliped exopod.

Embryonic and larval development of the tub gurnard Trigla lucerna (Pisces: Triglidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dulčić ◽  
L. Grubišić ◽  
I. Katavić ◽  
N. Skakelja
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development ◽  
Early Larval Development

The embryonic and early larval development of the laboratory-reared tub gurnard, Trigla lucerna are described. The eggs ranged in diameter from 1·33 to 1·40 mm, with a mean of 1·36±0·236 mm, were pelagic and spherical with a homogeneous and unsegmented yolk. There was single oil globule in the eggs. Globule ranged in diameter from 0·25 to 0·29 mm (mean 0·28±0·012 mm). Embryonic development lasted 115 h 2 min at mean temperature 13·5 °C. Newly-hatched larvae were 3·09±0·014 mm in total length. Absorption of the yolk sac was complete after the sixth day, when larvae reached 4·85±0·015 mm in total length. The only character for identifying eggs among species could be diameter, since the values obtained are lower than those obtained for Eutrigla gurnardus and Aspitrigla cuculus, but larger than those for Trigloporus lastoviza. The length of newly hatched yolk-sac larvae of tub gurnard is significantly lower (t-test, P<0·05) than those of most of the other gurnard species. Characters likely to help in identification of species will probably prove to be the length, shape and pigmentation of the pectoral fin, and the degrees of development of spiny armature on the head.

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