Studies on the growth and longevity of the yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata, in natural environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Plytycz ◽  
Janusz Bigaj
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractYellow-bellied toads were studied in their natural environment in a mountain locality in southeastern Poland. 608 specimens were captured, marked by yellow skin autografts placed in different parts of their dorsal surface according to body length, and released. Some of them were recaptured and measured from one to nine years later to estimate their growth and longevity. Yellow-bellied toads grew rapidly in early life; thereafter their growth was very limited. Body size was not an accurate age indicator of an individual of this species. The body length 51-55 mm was maximal in this locality. Yellow-bellied toads were long-lived in nature, some individuals surviving for much more than ten years, and perhaps even more than 20 years. The skeletochronological technique (counting the growth lines in phalangeal cross-sections of the clipped toes of some marked individuals) underestimated the actual age of these animals.

scholarly journals Two new species of Euplotes with cirrotype-9, Euplotes foissneri sp. nov. and Euplotes warreni sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), from the coasts of Patagonia: implications from their distant, early and late branching in the Euplotes phylogenetic tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Valbonesi ◽  
Graziano Di Giuseppe ◽  
Adriana Vallesi ◽  
Pierangelo Luporini
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna

Two new Euplotes species have been isolated from cold shallow sandy sediments of the extreme Southern Chilean coasts: Euplotes foissneri sp. nov., from a low-salinity site at Puerto Natales on the Pacific coast, and Euplotes warreni sp. nov., from a marine site at Punta Arenas on the Atlantic coast. Euplotes foissneri has a medium body size (53×36 µm in vivo), a dorsal surface marked by six prominent ridges, a double dargyrome, six dorsal and two ventrolateral kineties, a buccal field extending to about 3/4 of the body length, an adoral zone composed of 28–32 membranelles, and nine fronto-ventral, five transverse and two or three caudal cirri. The bulky, hook-, horseshoe- or 3-shaped macronucleus is associated with one sub-spherical micronucleus. The central body region hosts taxonomically unidentified endosymbiotic eubacteria. Euplotes warreni has a small body size (39×27 µm in vivo), a smooth dorsal surface marked by three deep grooves, a double dargyrome, four dorsal and two ventrolateral kineties, a buccal field extending to about 2/3 of the body length, an adoral zone composed of 23–25 adoral membranelles, and nine fronto-ventral, five transverse and three caudal cirri. The macronucleus is hook- or C-shaped and associated with one spherical micronucleus. Endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Francisella reside preferentially in the anterior cell region. Both species lack the fronto-ventral cirrus numbered ‘V/2’, whereby their cirrotype-9 conforms to the so-called ‘pattern I’, which is the basic distinctive trait of the genus Euplotopsis Borror and Hill, 1995. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rRNA gene sequences, however, classify E. warreni into its own early branching clade and E. foissneri into a late branching clade. This indicates a polyphyletic nature and taxonomic inconsistency of the genus Euplotopsis, which was erected to include Euplotes species with cirrotype-9 pattern I.

Preliminary Studies on the Growth and Movements of the Yellow-bellied Toad, Bombina variegata (Anura: Discoglossidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Płytycz ◽  
Janusz Bigaj
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
Small Growth

Yellow-bellied toads were studied in their natural environment in a mountain locality in south-eastern Poland. In June 1981, 353 specimens were captured in a small area, marked by yellow skin autografts, and released. 49 individuals were recaptured in July 1982 in the same area, and 17 animals were recaptured at other places 200-1200 m away. Movements were carried out mainly by juveniles. Large increases in body length of young individuals, probably yearlings, and small growth rates in older individuals, were generally found.

Evaluasi Ukuran Tubuh Turunan Sapi Aceh dengan Sistem Pemeliharaan Berbeda di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Furkan Herry ◽  
Mohammad Agus Nashri A. ◽  
Asril Asril
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Village

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 3 desa yang berbeda di Kecamatan Indrapuri, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian berlangsung selama 30 hari yang dimulai dari tanggal 18 Februari - 19 Maret 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran tubuh turunan sapi aceh pada umur sapih dengan sisitem pemeliharaan yang berbeda. Materi  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak sapi Aceh lepas sapih sebanyak 24 ekor. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi yaitu dengan cara mengukur ternak turunan sapi Aceh lepas sapih tersebut. Penentuan desa dengan mempertimbangkan adanya sistem pemeliharaan sapi secara ekstensif dan intensif dan jumlah ternak sapi lepas sapih terpenuhi untuk pengambilan sampel. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah lingkar dada, panjang badan, dan tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran lingkar dada turunan sapi Aceh pada umur sapih yang di pelihara dengan system intensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan dengan ukuran lingkar dada yang dipelihara dengan system pemeliharaan ekstensif dan pada pengukuran panjang badan dan tinggi gumba turunan sapi Aceh yang di pelihara dengan system ekstensif menunjukkan ukuran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ukuran  panjang badan dan tinggi gumba yang di pelihara dengan sistem intensifEvaluation of Body Size of Aceh Cow Beans with Different Maintenance System in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh BesarThis research was conducted in 3 different villages in Indrapuri Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The study lasted for 30 days starting from February 18 to March 19, 2017. This study aims to evaluate the body size of aceh cows at the weaning age with different maintenance systems. The material used in this study is Aceh calf off weeds as much as 24 tail. This research method using the observation method that is by measuring the cattle of Aceh cattle derivatives off the weaning. Determination of the village taking into account the existence of an extensive and intensive cattle breeding system and the number of loose weaning cattle is fulfilled for sampling. Parameters observed in this study were chest circumference, body length, and shoulder height. The results showed that the size of the chest circumference of cows of Aceh cattle at the age of weaning with intensive care system showed a higher size in comparison with the size of the chest circumference maintained with extensive maintenance system and on the measurement of the length and height of the gumba derived from Aceh cows Extensive systems show a higher size compared to the size of the body length and height of the gumba maintained in an intensive system

Body-Size Estimation in Anorexia Nervosa

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Pelvic Area ◽  
Body Size Estimation ◽  
Different Parts

The aim was to explore the body-image perception of a group of 20 hospitalised anorexic patients, aged 18 to 21 years, undergoing a period of treatment. The instrument used was the Askevold nonverbal perception test as modified by Allamani and colleagues in 1978 to assess perception of the dimensions of different parts of the body by exploiting the capacity to project them into space. The four parts were the head, the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the pelvic area. Analysis of responses indicated that anorexic patients overestimated the abdominal and the pelvic areas much more than the 20 members of the control group (50% vs 30%). The areas of the head and thorax were perceived almost in their real dimensions by the anorexic patients but were underestimated by the control group.

scholarly journals Gut Morphometrics in the Long-Tailed Duck Clangula Hyemalis Wintering on the Polish Baltic Coast

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Ewa Działa-Szczepańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Clangula Hyemalis ◽  
Sternum Length

Gut Morphometrics in the Long-Tailed DuckClangula HyemalisWintering on the Polish Baltic CoastThe study included guts of 140 individuals of the long-tailed duckClangula hyemalisobtained in autumn and winter of 1993-2000 in the western part of the Polish Baltic Coast. The following morphometric characters were analysed: duodenum length (DL), combined jejunum and ileum length (JIL), small intestine length (SIL), combined terminal intestine and cloaca length (TCL), and combined length (CBL) and weight (CBW) of both caeca. In the analysis the birds' sex and age were taken into consideration, as well as their body size characterised by body weight, body length, and sternum length. Ontogenetic differences in the gut morphometric characters were more pronounced in males than in females, and immature drakes were characterised by higher average values of JIL and CBW, compared to adult males. Besides the CBL and CBW, sexual dimorphism was manifest in the body size and other gut measurements - those parameters achieved higher average values in males than in females. No such differences were recorded with respect to relative parameters: DL, SIL, and TCL expressed as the percentage of the birds' body length. In case of JIL, CBL, and CBW no relation with any of the body size parameters was found. No relevant relations between SIL and JIL, and the measurements of CBL and TCL were noticed.

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF TOTAL BODY SIZE IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED 17-22 YEARS

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
С. В. Михайлова
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Young People ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The University

Цель - выявление особенностей динамики показателей тотальных размеров тела у студентов с различными соматотипами в возрастном периоде 17-22 года. Материал и методы. Исследование проводили в течение 2010-2018 гг. по результатам проспективных наблюдений показателей тотальных размеров тела у 530 студентов (240 юношей и 290 девушек) 17-22 лет в период их обучения в вузе. Типы телосложения определяли по методу В. Г. Штефко и Б. А. Островского (1929) в изложении С. С. Дарской (1975). Результаты. Среди обследованных студентов у 49,2 % юношей выявлены приросты ДТ, завершившиеся в 21-22 года, и у 35,6 % девушек, продолжающиеся только до 19-20 лет. У большинства студентов за время обучения в вузе отмечены приросты показателей массы тела и окружности груди, при этом также выявлены юноши и девушки, у которых эти показатели не изменились или даже снизились за исследуемый период. На старших курсах у большинства студентов приросты массы тела и окружности груди замедляются с остановкой ростовых процессов, но не прекращаются и ведут к увеличению числа студентов с избыточной массой тела, что подтверждается возрастанием численности молодежи с дигестивным типом телосложения и высокими значениями показателей индекса массы тела (BMI), в большей степени выраженным среди юношей. У студентов с торакальным типом телосложения, который является самым распространенным и динамичным соматотипом в исследуемой выборке, отмечены значимые приросты тотальных размеров тела. Аналогичная динамичность приростов выявлена у юношей с мышечным телосложением. За время обучения в вузе численность молодежи с торакальным типом телосложения снижается, при этом возрастает доля студентов с мышечным и дигестивным соматотипами. За время обучения в вузе у 14,1 % студентов меняется тип телосложения. Выводы. Выявлена обусловленность приростов показателей тотальных размеров тела у юношей и девушек в возрастном периоде 17-22 года типом телосложения, оказывающем влияние на скорость и направленность динамики показателей длины и массы тела и окружности грудной клетки. Objective - to identify the characteristics of the dynamics of indicators of total body size in students aged 17-22 years with different somatotypes. Material and methods. The study was conducted during 2010-2018 and was based on the results of prospective observations of morphological indicators of 530 students (240 boys and 290 girls) aged 17-22 during the period of study at the university. Body types were determined by the method of V. G. Shtefko and B. A. Ostrovsky (1929) as presented by S. S. Darskaya (1975). Results. Among the examined students, an increase in body length (BL) was found in 49,2 % of young men, and in 35,6 % of girls; the height gain stopped by 21-22 years in boys and by 19-20 years in girls. The majority of students during their study at the university showed increases in body mass and chest circumference. Boys and girls who demonstrated no change or even a decrease in these indicators during the study period were also found. In most senior students, gains in body weight and chest circumferences slowed down when the height growth ceased, but did not stop. It led to an increase in the number of overweight students, which is confirmed by the increase in the number of young people with an alimentive body type and high BMI values, more pronounced among boys. Students with a thoracic body type, which was the most common and dynamic somatotype in the studied sample, showed significant gains in total body size. Similar growth dynamics was found in boys with muscular body type. During training at the university, the number of young people with thoracic body type decreased, while the proportion of students with muscular and alimentive somatotypes increased. During the period of study in high school, the body type changed in 14,1 % students. Conclusions. The dependency of gains in indicators of total body size among boys and girls aged 17-22 on body type was revealed. The body type influenced the speed and direction of the dynamics of indicators of body length, weight and chest circumference.

scholarly journals Intensive vehicle traffic impacts morphology and endocrine stress response in a threatened amphibian

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Ludivine Quay ◽  
Adeline Dumet ◽  
Jean-Paul Léna ◽  
Claude Miaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
The Individual

AbstractAmphibians are considered to be the most threatened group of vertebrates. Among the multiple factors involved in their decline, habitat loss and alteration as a result of human activities is a major threat. At the individual level the effects of habitat alteration are potentially multiple, including a range of morphological and physiological responses. Analysing and understanding these responses is therefore a critical challenge for amphibian conservation. We examined the influence of intensive vehicle traffic (motorbikes and trucks on unpaved pathways) on the body size and condition and on the production of glucocorticoids (i.e. corticosterone) in the yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that intensive vehicle traffic has a negative influence on body size and body condition, and postulated that it also increases corticosterone production. Using morphometric data and saliva samples collected from four populations in France, we found that intensive vehicle traffic is associated with a decrease in body size and body condition in both males and females. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that corticosterone production was lower in both sexes in populations experiencing intensive vehicle traffic. We suggest that measures should be applied to reduce vehicle traffic intensity on unpaved pathways during toad breeding activity. This is critical for B. variegata, for which man-made ruts and residual puddles could mitigate the loss of natural habitats.

Stem characteristics and ant body size in a Costa Rican rain forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Yanoviak ◽  
Cheryl Silveri ◽  
Christopher A. Hamm ◽  
Manuel Solis
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Climbing Plants ◽  
Paraponera Clavata

Abstract:Climbing plants provide efficient pathways for ants to access patchy arboreal resources. However, plant stems vary greatly in physical characteristics that are likely to influence ant locomotion. We collected, measured and identified ants foraging on 671 stems of climbing plants at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We applied tuna baits to 70% of the observed stems to attract ants to a broad range of stem sizes. We used these data to examine relationships between relative stem roughness, growth form (herbaceous or woody), stem diameter and the body length of foraging ants representing 58 species. The size of the largest ants found on stems generally increased with stem size up to 3.2 mm diameter, whereas the size of the smallest ants present on stems did not vary with stem diameter. The largest ants in the forest (Paraponera clavata) used small stems (<2.7 mm diameter) only when attracted by baits. Average (± SE) ant body length was larger on woody (5.2 ± 0.32 mm) vs. herbaceous (3.3 ± 0.53 mm) stems, but did not differ between rough and smooth stems within these categories. Ant body-size distribution tended toward unimodality on smooth stems. We conclude that small stem diameter acts as a habitat filter based on ant body size, but only for the largest ants in the forest. The filter effect is reduced when ants are attracted to an artificially high quality resource.

scholarly journals Agonistic behaviour of Scarites buparius (Forster, 1771) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to body size

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Bonacci ◽  
Pietro Brandmayr ◽  
Anita Giglio ◽  
Alessandro Massolo ◽  
Antonio Mazzei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agonistic Interaction ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour

Intra-male aggressive behaviour of Scarites buparius was analysed; agonistic interaction between males consisted of a repeated series of fighting events. We defined this behaviour as “agonistic” because a dominance/submission status was established. We measured the males and found that the attack behaviour persistence is correlated with the body length.

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