scholarly journals Interactions with humans impose time constraints on urban-dwelling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano S.K. Kaburu ◽  
Brianne Beisner ◽  
Krishna N. Balasubramaniam ◽  
Pascal R. Marty ◽  
Eliza Bliss-Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Social Time ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Time is a valuable but limited resource, and animals’ survival depends on their ability to carefully manage the amount of time they allocate to each daily activity. While existing research has examined the ecological factors affecting animals’ activity budgets, the impact of anthropogenic factors on urban-dwelling animals’ time budgets remains understudied. Here we collected data through focal animal sampling from three groups of rhesus macaques in Northern India to examine whether interactions with humans decrease macaques’ resting and social time (time constraints hypothesis), or whether, by contrast, foraging on anthropogenic food, that is potentially high in calories, leads macaques to spend more time resting and in social interactions (free time hypothesis). We found that macaques who interacted more frequently with people spent significantly less time resting and grooming, supporting the time constraints hypothesis. We argue that these time constraints are likely caused by the unpredictability of human behaviour.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS ON NATURAL COMPLEXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
P. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
The Impact

the article describes the problems of assessing the anthropogenic impact of human activity on natural com-plexes surrounding urbanized territories. Among the main research tasks are development of methodological foundations for assessing the quanti-tative and qualitative composition at anthropogenic impact on natural complexes surrounding urban areas. The main method of this research include a dialectical approach that focuses on generally accepted logi-cal research methods (analysis, systematic approach, generalization) and their synthesis using relevant in-formation materials. The author considered various methods of assessing the impact of various factors on the environment, and also carried out the examination of urban decisions related to the appointment of a category (status) the natural resources included in the urban environment in Moscow. The Russian capital is a European metropolis, the largest city-millionaire in Europe and a typical object of research to identify the effects of various anthropogenic factors. The implementation at economic activity in the metropolis is accompanied by the emergence of problems, the solution of which has not been found yet. Analysis of methods for assessing the impact at the various factors on the environment was carried out taking into account the provisions in regulatory documents governing the appointment for protected areas urban environment. Provisions of regulatory documents and decisions of executive authorities designed to use natural (forest) resources in urban environments. The absence of approved methods for assessing certain types of land plots with a protected status was identified. The main factors affecting the quality of biogeocenosis were identified. The main features of the applica-tion methods for assessing the status and possibility in recreational development in territories of varying de-grees at development are considered.

scholarly journals Protocol for a quasi-experimental study examining the effect of a ball skills intervention on four domains of preschooler development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wu ◽  
Wichai Eungpinichpong ◽  
Hui Ruan ◽  
Xinding Zhang ◽  
Sansan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ball Skills

Abstract Background: Preschooler inactivity and insufficient motor development have serious long-term consequences. The Chinese Ministry of Education launched a nationwide football-focused pilot project aimed at kindergartens in 2019 and issued the policy “Notice on the Establishment of National Football Kindergartens” in 2020. However, the impact of fundamental movement skills (FMS) interventions on other aspects of child development is unclear. Aim: This study will evaluate the effects of ball skills physical education projects on the development of Chinese preschoolers’ physical, motor, cognitive, and social competencies and examine the influencing factors. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study evaluating how well the “Hello Sunshine” curriculum project promotes children’s development over 10 weeks. The trial will be conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 in 12 classes from 3 kindergartens with a total of 249 children aged 4 to 6 years in Haikou, China. Pre- and posttest analyses will include tests on participants’ physical fitness, FMS, cognitive self-regulation, and emotional competence. Participants’ background information will be collected through questionnaires answered by parents and teachers. The intervention will focus on game-based basic ball skills. Findings: If this intervention provides evidence that these skills improve children’s multidimensional development, it will support the promotion of similar programs in China. We will also outline the social-ecological factors affecting the intervention’s results, providing further information for improving pedagogical methods related to preschool ball skills.

scholarly journals CLINICAL LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Ya. G. Turdybekova ◽  
A. A. Kelmyalene ◽  
Berikbai Zh. Kultanov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Karaganda Region

In the area under study, mainly saline and solonetsous territories. The situation negatively affects the offspring of the population living in the region Continuing the work on assessing the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population, we compared the reproductive health of women living in five settlements of the Kyzylorda region and two settlements in the Karaganda region. There were observed 686 women in the zone of environmental crisis, 720 women living in the zone of environmental disaster and 388 women living in the Karaganda region in areas bordering the Aral Sea region. The examination was carried out on the basis of an integrated clinical-functional and laboratory examination, taking into account regional and environmental ecological factors. In the Kyzylorda region, there is a delayed onset of menarche occurred in girls older than 16 years (39%), there is a tendency to rejuvenate the age of the onset of menopause. In the Karaganda region, late menarche occurs only in 12% of cases. A third of the examined women suffered from inflammatory diseases of female genital organs in both regions. Perinatal losses, cases of spontaneous interruption and/or undeveloped pregnancies in the anamnesis are repeated many times, in zones of the ecological catastrophe and the environmental crisis there are frequent as one in four women. However, in the Karaganda region, this value figure was almost 3 times less (14%).

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Women's Reproductive Health in the Areas Bordering With the Aral Sea Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasminur G. Turdybekova ◽  
Irina L. Kopobayeva ◽  
Berikbay Zh Kultanov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ecological Disaster ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Women’S Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

AIM: We examined 435 women of Aktobe region and 328 women of South Kazakhstan region, living in areas bordering the Aral Sea region during the study and comparative assessment of the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey based on the comprehensive clinical-functional and laboratory studies accounting the regional and environmental ecological factors. Survey subject was the area of 2 settlements of Aktobe region and 1 settlement of South Kazakhstan region.RESULTS: In all three areas it was revealed that the examined women had the later menarche. There is a trend towards younger age for menopause. The women of South Kazakhstan region often suffer from the pelvic inflammatory disease.CONCLUSION: Perinatal losses, the case of spontaneous interruption and stagnant pregnancy in history, which can be repeated, one in three women has in the zone of ecological disaster.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in the behaviour of a cooperatively breeding bird, Jungle Babbler (Argya striata) at diel and seasonal scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soniya Devi Yambem ◽  
Manjari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Time is an important and limited resource that can drive the trade-off between various essential activities in the lives of animals. Group-living animals need to perform different behaviour to meet their individual needs and also participate in group activities. They must, therefore, partition the available time between these activities which may vary considerably with environmental and ecological conditions. We examined time-activity budget of a cooperative passerine, Jungle Babbler (Argya striata) and how their behaviour vary across diel and seasonal scales. A repertoire of 13 behaviour was recorded of which 12 behaviour that occur throughout the year were examined further in detail. This included individual behaviour such as foraging, grooming, rest, shower and group behaviour such as allogrooming, movement, play, sentinel, mobbing and inter-group fight. Our results indicate that most of the time (about 70%) was spent performing individual behaviour and the remaining time (about 30%) was allocated to social behaviour. We also found almost all behaviour varied across diel and seasonal scale with respect to proportion of time spent performing them. This highlights the impact of environmental factors on how animals partition their time to perform various activities. Our study also lays the foundation for future studies examining the role of ecological factors such as habitat type and predation pressure in driving these patterns of behaviour in Jungle Babblers.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY FACTORS OF PLAY-GROUNDS USING THE RANK CORRELATION METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
V. Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Rank Correlation Method ◽  
The Impact

The process of rapid development in modern cities has led to a significant number of playgrounds being located in confined areas, near roads with heavy vehicle traffic (including tram tracks), next to short-term parking spaces and refuse containers. Particular attention is paid to unauthorised parking which is caused by a lack of designated parking spaces. In addition, in residential areas of modern megacities there is a lot of infill development, which is an additional source of noise and dust. Thus, a significant number of playgrounds are located in areas with excessive anthropogenic load. The materials presented in the article describe the current condition of playgrounds in most big cities of Ukraine. Particular importance is attached to the factors which are connected with vehicle traffic, for example noise pollution, air dustiness and pollutant emissions. At the first stage, a list of factors affecting the environmental safety of children's playgrounds in urbanised areas was compiled and analysed. The next stage involves the development of a questionnaire and the direct assessment of the influencing factors by the experts involved. The article considers the factors that are rarely considered in the study of the impact of individual anthropogenic factors of the environment on public health, however, in modern conditions they cannot be neglected. The final stage consists of data processing and formation of conclusions. Using the method of rank correlation, the main factors of influence on the objects of research are identified. The results of the research stated in the article can be used in further study of the subject and in the development of methods to eliminate the influence of the most significant factors affecting the ecological safety of children's playgrounds.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Contribute to the Transmissibility of COVID-19: Evidence from an Improved SEIR Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Kun Jia ◽  
Wenwu Zhao ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Yanxu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

Abstract COVID-19 is ravaging Brazil, and its spread shows spatial heterogeneity. Changes in the environment have been implicated as potential factors involved in COVID-19 transmission. However, considerable research efforts have not elucidated the risk of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission from the perspective of infectious disease dynamics. The aim of this study is to model the influence of the environment on COVID-19 transmission and to analyze how the socio-ecological factors affecting the probability of virus transmission in 10 states dramatically shifted during the early stages of the epidemic in Brazil. First, this study used a Pearson correlation to analyze the interconnection between COVID-19 morbidity and socio-ecological factors, and identified factors with significant correlations as the dominant factors affecting COVID-19 transmission. Then, the time-lag effect of dominant factors on the morbidity of COVID-19 was investigated by constructing a distributed lag nonlinear model, and the results were considered to be an improvement over the SEIR model. Lastly, a machine learning method was introduced to explore the nonlinear relationship between the environmental propagation probability and socio-ecological factors. By analyzing the impact of environmental factors on virus transmission, it can be found that population mobility directly caused by human activities had a greater impact on virus transmission than temperature and humidity. The heterogeneity of meteorological factors can be accounted for by the diverse climate patterns in Brazil. The improved SEIR model was adopted to explore the interconnection of COVID-19 transmission and the environment, which revealed a new strategy to probe the causal links between them.

scholarly journals PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS FROM NORTHERN INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S313-S313
Author(s):  
Kasturi Banerjee ◽  
Tamara A Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
North India ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global data show a significant increase in the number of adults 65+ years of age in India. Despite this increase, there is a dearth of available resources to adequately service their mental health needs. Data indicate that residents in Northern India, in particular, report poorer mental health outcomes than those in the South. The prevalence and impact of neuropsychiatric disorders and depression remain particularly significant, but largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine possible psychosocial and health factors affecting depressive symptoms in North India. Data were taken from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). Participants included adults aged 45 years and above (n=792), from the states of Rajasthan and Punjab. A multiple linear regression model was calculated to determine the influence of identified demographic and psychosocial factors (e.g., financial and social support, life satisfaction) on depressive symptoms. Data show that low life satisfaction (β= -0.19,p<0.001), poorer self-reported health (β=0.15,p<0.01), and being a care provider (β= -0.12,p<0.01) were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. These results indicate an increased need for care-giver mental health support along with policy aimed at awareness about caregiver burnout, health care access, and economic instrumental support services. A magnified view of the impact of life satisfaction on depression will be of immense value for understanding the unique needs and challenges of working with this population.

scholarly journals Medical student reporting of factors affecting pre-clerkship changes in empathy: a qualitative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e26-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Sheikh ◽  
Jennifer Carpenter ◽  
Joy Wee
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To isolate factors that medical students identify as possibly affecting empathy in pre-clerkship years of medical school. Methods: 12 students in their second year of medical school at Queen’s University were randomly selected and asked to participate in semi-structured interviews conducted from an ethnographic perspective. Results: Students reported both negative and positive changes in empathy. Negative changes included desensitization and focusing on the disease process, decreased ability to see things from patients’ perspectives, and routine responses in emotional situations. These changes occur due to time constraints, objective lessons in empathy, and a changing identity. Positive changes included an increased awareness of the impact of illness, and increased ability to read feelings. These changes result from increased exposure to patients, discussions surrounding the psychosocial impact of illness, and positive role models. Conclusion: Students should be made aware of the limitations of objective lessons in empathy, and non-evaluated, implicit lessons should be emphasized when possible. Students should be encouraged to maintain relationships outside of medicine. Aspects of medical school that currently promote empathy should be reinforced, including exposure to patients, opportunities to work closely with positive role models, and practical discussions surrounding the psychosocial impact of illness.

scholarly journals The impact of man-made accidents and catastrophes in the stable functioning of industrial enterprises on the quality of life of the population and socio-economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kamdina ◽  
Olga Simchenko ◽  
Valery Grakhov ◽  
Alexander Suntsov ◽  
Evgeny Chazov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the quality of life of population and the impact of man-made accidents and disasters during stable functioning of industrial enterprises. The author offered to take into account the influence of anthropogenic factors, the source of which is industrial production, provoking man-made accidents and catastrophes, when assessing the quality of life of population. To fully take into account the factors affecting the quality of life of population, a comprehensive methodology created by the Council for the Study of Productive Forces by order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation that contains 19 indicators for diagnosing the quality of life of the population of the region, grouped by seven main areas, was chosen. Changes in the system of indicators of the consolidated index of the quality of life of the population under the influence of man-made accidents and catastrophes in the context of 7 spheres are shown. As an example, the impact on the main components of the quality of life of the population of the largest man-made disaster in the history of mankind and the nuclear industry - the Chernobyl accident - is considered.

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