Characterisation of biological and biocontrol traits of entomopathogenic nematodes promising for control of striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata)

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Yan ◽  
Yinying Lin ◽  
Zhenmao Huang ◽  
Richou Han
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata

Summary The biological and biocontrol traits of two entomopathogenic nematode isolates, Steinernema pakistanense 94-1 (Sp94-1) and Heterorhabditis indica 212-2 (Hi212-2), were evaluated. The highest yield of infective juveniles (IJ) in monoxenic sponge culture system for Sp94-1 and Hi212-2 was 3.52 (± 0.45) × 105 and 7.08 (± 0.11) × 105 IJ g−1, respectively. The optimum storage temperature was 25°C for Sp94-1 and 14°C for Hi212-2. Sp94-1 showed greater tolerance to heat exposure and UV radiation, while S. carpocapsae All, a commercial strain, was more resistant to osmotic pressure, desiccation, cold treatment and hypoxia than the other tested isolates. Hi212-2 suppressed the Phyllotreta striolata larvae when applied at 1.5 × 109 IJ ha−1 or higher concentrations, while Sp94-1 suppressed the P. striolata larvae only when applied at 4.5 × 109 IJ ha−1. Our study indicates the possibility of commercialisation of the EPN isolates, and further confirms their efficacy against the P. striolata larvae in the field.

Phenotypic characterization of the Xenorhabdus bacterial symbiont of a Texas strain of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave, and characterization of the Xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial symbiont of a Newfoundland strain of Steinernema feltiae

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun He ◽  
Roger Gordon ◽  
John A Gow
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Low Concentrations

Two bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, one of which originated from Texas, U.S.A., and the other from Newfoundland, Canada, were characterized phenotypically. These strains belonged to the genus Xenorhabdus. The Newfoundland (NF) strain was shown to be X. bovienii but the Texas (TX) strain was not identified at the species level. Four additional cultures of Xenorhabdus were included in the study. These were a strain of X. bovienii (Umeå), which was from a nematode of European origin, and strains of X. nematophilus, X.beddingii, and X.poinarii. The tests used in this study indicated identical properties for the NF (North American) and Umeå (European) strains of X. bovienii. These could be differentiated from the other strains studied by their failure to grow at 34°C and resistance to low concentrations of a mixture of amoxilline and clavulanic acid. The Xenorhabdus TX strain could be differentiated from the other strains studied by its failure to grow at 10°C. Of the tests done, approximately 30 were useful in distinguishing between the strains and species studied.Key words: symbionts, nematode, Steinernema, Xenorhabdus, Xenorhabdus bovienii.

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata

BioControl ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Xu ◽  
Patrick De Clercq ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Shulong Chen ◽  
Richou Han
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata

Phyllotreta striolata. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Kurile Islands ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae Striped flea beetle, turnip flea beetle. Attacks turnip, cabbage, rape and other Cruciferae. = Phyllotreta vittata(Fabricius) Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Crete, Czech, Republic Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish, Republic Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, RUSSIA, Amur, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Karelia, Khabarovsk, Kiev, Leningrad, Magadan, Primorye, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Smolensk, ASIA, Andaman Islands, Bhutan, Burma, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Xizhang, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Tripura, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea, Kurile Islands, Malaysia, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Okinawa, Sikkim, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for the control of Diabrotica speciosa germar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Santos ◽  
Alcides Moino Junior ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Camila Costa Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Olinda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Diabrotica Speciosa ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in biological control of soil insects and show promise in the control of D. speciosa. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native and exotic entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the control of D. speciosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all of EPNs caused larval mortality. The most virulent were Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 (94%), Steinernema glaseri (84%), Heterorhabditis sp. JPM04 (82%) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05 (78%). There was no effect of the Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri isolates on eggs. The maximum mortality of D. speciosa larvae by Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 was observed at a concentration of 300 IJ/ insect, while by S. glaseri observed the highest mortality at the concentration of 200 IJ/ insect. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused over 80% pupal mortality at a concentration of 250 IJ/insect. The virulence of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri was affected by temperature. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused reduction in larva survival under greenhouse conditions at all of the tested concentrations and there was no difference in mortality among different concentrations of infectid juveniles.

scholarly journals FILM FIKSI PENDEK “DESAK TERDESAK”

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Basuyoga Prabhawita ◽  
Rahayu Supanggah
Keyword(s):  
Short Fiction ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Eastern Philosophy ◽  
System Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Economic Depression ◽  
Classical Hollywood

<p><span>“Desak Terdesak” merupakan sebuah film fiksi pendek yang berangkat dari isu tentang kurangnya “penghargaan” <span>terhadap perempuan Bali. Karya ini mengangkat posisi serta status perempuan Bali dalam hukum adat yang<br /><span>selalu berada di bawah kekuasaan laki-laki. Hal tersebut berkaitan erat dan didasari oleh keyakinan mayoritas <span>penduduk Bali, sistem kekerabatan patrilineal, sistem wangsa dan petuah-petuah orang tua. Dalam film fiksi <span>pendek ini pengkarya berusaha menghadirkan konflik sosial yang lebih tajam dengan menggabungkan <span>permasalahan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, tekanan ekonomi, dan ketidakberdayaan melawan hukum <span>adat yang membuat posisi perempuan Bali bernama Desak semakin terdesak. Sejak kecil perempuan Bali<br /><span>dididik untuk mandiri, bekerja keras dan bukan mahkluk lemah yang harus dilindungi. Orang tua mengajarkan <span>untuk selalu menjunjung tinggi martabat dan siap berkorban demi nama baik keluarga. Perempuan Bali telah <span>diberikan persamaan hak dalam memperoleh pendidikan, pekerjaan dan mengutarakan pendapat, namun <span>disisi lain mereka tetap diikat oleh berbagai sistem yang berlaku di Bali. “Desak Terdesak” berdurasi 20 menit, <span>menggunakan pendekatan Realis medan Hollywood Klasik sebagai bentuk karya dengan plot linier yang<br /><span>sesuai aksi peristiwa. Dialog dalam film ini menggunakan bahasa Bali dialek Singaraja untuk memperkuat <span>setting dan penokohan yang dibangun dalam cerita. Beberapa sumber pustaka seperti Filsafat Timur, Sebuah <span>Pengantar Hinduisme dan Buddhisme, Perempuan Bali, Hukum Adat Bali, Hak Waris Perempuan Bali dan <span>Kesalahpahaman Kasta digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam menciptakan karya ini. Film yang diilhami dari <span>kisah nyata ini memberikan sedikit pengetahuan, informasi, pemahaman kepada pembaca serta penonton<br /><span>terkait posisi perempuan dalam hukum dan pergaulan adat masyarakat Bali yang menganut sistem kekerabatan <span>patrilineal.<br /><span><strong>Kata kunci: </strong><span>film, perempuan, Bali, budaya, sistem, bentuk.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><em>“Desak Terdesak” is a film of short fiction based on the issues of the lack of “appreciation” towards Balinese </em><span><em>women. This work tells about the position and status of Balinese women in the custom that they are always </em><span><em>under the men’s power. It is closely related to and based on the most Balinese belief, the patrilineal kinship </em><span><em>system, </em><span>wangsa <span><em>system, and the parental teachings. In the short fiction film, the creator tries to present the </em><span><em>sharper social conflict by combining the problems of domestic violance, economic depression, and the</em><br /><span><em>helpnessness against customary law that makes Balinese women namely Desak is more distressed. Sinceyoung, </em><span><em>Balinese women have been educated to be independent, working hard, and not to be a poor being that must</em><br /><span><em>be protected. Parents teach to always uphold dignity and to be ready to sacrifice in the name of family’s </em><span><em>reputation. Balinese women have been given similar rights in getting education, employment and proposing </em><span><em>opinion, on the other hand, they are tied by various systems held in Bali. “Desak Terdesak” has 20 minutes </em><span><em>duration using Realism and Classical Hollywood approach as a form of work with linear plots corresponding to </em><span><em>the action of events. Dialogue in the film uses Balinese language with Singaraja dialect to strengthen setting</em><br /><span><em>and characterization built in the story. Library sources like Eastern Philosophy, An Introductory To Hinduism </em><span><em>AndBuddhism, Balinese Women, Balinese Custom, Hereditary Right Of Balinese Women And Misconceptions Of Caste is used as a reference in creating this work. The film that has been inspired by a real story</em><br /><span><em>provides little knowledge,informations, the reader as well as the audience understanding related to the women </em><span><em>position in law and in customary intercommunication of Balinese community that follow patrilineal kinship</em><br /><span><em>system.</em><br /><span><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><span><em>film, woman, Bali, culture, system, form.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></p>

Virulence of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), to nymphs of the coffee cicada Dundubia nagarasingna

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau N. Nguyen ◽  
Anh T. Do ◽  
Phap Q. Trinh ◽  
Phuc K. Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Inoculation Dose ◽  
Pot Trial

Summary The virulence and efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), against nymphs of the coffee cicada, Dundubia nagarasingna, was evaluated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The highest mortality rates of coffee cicada nymphs caused by these two nematode strains were 93.5 and 100%, respectively, at an inoculation dose of 600 infective juveniles (IJ) nymph−1. The virulence (LC50) was established as 137.5 IJ and 149.1 IJ for strains S-PQ16 and H-KT3987, respectively. The highest IJ yields of these nematode strains were 66 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16) and 134.4 × 103 IJ (for H-KT3987) at a dose of 500 IJ nymph−1. The efficacies of the two nematode strains to coffee cicadas at treated dose of 60 × 103 IJ pot−1 were 84.4 and 88.9% after 30 days, higher than the efficacies at treated dose of 40 × 103 IJ pot−1. The number of IJ in 250 ml of soil at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment, increased from 0.38 × 103 to 4.80 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 40 × 103 IJ and from 0.66 × 103 to 5.02 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 60 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16). Similarly, for H-KT3987 the number of IJ increased from 0.43 × 103 to 8.99 × 103 IJ and from 0.62 × 103 to 9.64 × 103 IJ, at the respective doses. Based on results of a pot trial from glasshouse modelling, an IJ application dosage for biological control of coffee cicada nymphs in coffee plantations was proposed.

Dormancy of apple embryos. Are starch and reserve protein changes related to dormancy breaking?

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bouvier-Durand ◽  
Alina Dawidowicz-Grzegorzewska ◽  
Claudine Thévenot ◽  
Daniel Come
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Reserve Protein ◽  
Apple Seeds

During cold stratification of apple seeds both dormancy removal and initiation of the germination process occur. To characterize these two processes and to dissociate them from each other, two different cold treatments were used. One of them (cold treatment within the fruits) excluded the germination process, the other corresponded to classical stratification. Control treatments at moderate temperature were also applied. Starch accumulated in the radicle during breaking of embryo dormancy by stratification, whereas it disappeared when dormancy was broken inside the fruits. The comparison of starch changes at 0 and at 20 °C also showed that these changes cannot be related to dormancy release. Moreover, no proteolysis occurred whether dormancy was broken or not. Proteolysis observed during stratification of the embryos seemed to be linked to their imbibition (the first step of the germination). These data refute previous observations on this problem; they demonstrate that neither starch variations nor reserve protein changes can be related to breaking of embryo dormancy.

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