FILM FIKSI PENDEK “DESAK TERDESAK”

“Desak Terdesak” merupakan sebuah film fiksi pendek yang berangkat dari isu tentang kurangnya “penghargaan” terhadap perempuan Bali. Karya ini mengangkat posisi serta status perempuan Bali dalam hukum adat yang selalu berada di bawah kekuasaan laki-laki. Hal tersebut berkaitan erat dan didasari oleh keyakinan mayoritas penduduk Bali, sistem kekerabatan patrilineal, sistem wangsa dan petuah-petuah orang tua. Dalam film fiksi pendek ini pengkarya berusaha menghadirkan konflik sosial yang lebih tajam dengan menggabungkan permasalahan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, tekanan ekonomi, dan ketidakberdayaan melawan hukum adat yang membuat posisi perempuan Bali bernama Desak semakin terdesak. Sejak kecil perempuan Bali dididik untuk mandiri, bekerja keras dan bukan mahkluk lemah yang harus dilindungi. Orang tua mengajarkan untuk selalu menjunjung tinggi martabat dan siap berkorban demi nama baik keluarga. Perempuan Bali telah diberikan persamaan hak dalam memperoleh pendidikan, pekerjaan dan mengutarakan pendapat, namun disisi lain mereka tetap diikat oleh berbagai sistem yang berlaku di Bali. “Desak Terdesak” berdurasi 20 menit, menggunakan pendekatan Realis medan Hollywood Klasik sebagai bentuk karya dengan plot linier yang sesuai aksi peristiwa. Dialog dalam film ini menggunakan bahasa Bali dialek Singaraja untuk memperkuat setting dan penokohan yang dibangun dalam cerita. Beberapa sumber pustaka seperti Filsafat Timur, Sebuah Pengantar Hinduisme dan Buddhisme, Perempuan Bali, Hukum Adat Bali, Hak Waris Perempuan Bali dan Kesalahpahaman Kasta digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam menciptakan karya ini. Film yang diilhami dari kisah nyata ini memberikan sedikit pengetahuan, informasi, pemahaman kepada pembaca serta penonton terkait posisi perempuan dalam hukum dan pergaulan adat masyarakat Bali yang menganut sistem kekerabatan patrilineal. Kata kunci: film, perempuan, Bali, budaya, sistem, bentuk.“Desak Terdesak” is a film of short fiction based on the issues of the lack of “appreciation” towards Balinese women. This work tells about the position and status of Balinese women in the custom that they are always under the men’s power. It is closely related to and based on the most Balinese belief, the patrilineal kinship system, wangsa system, and the parental teachings. In the short fiction film, the creator tries to present the sharper social conflict by combining the problems of domestic violance, economic depression, and the helpnessness against customary law that makes Balinese women namely Desak is more distressed. Sinceyoung, Balinese women have been educated to be independent, working hard, and not to be a poor being that must be protected. Parents teach to always uphold dignity and to be ready to sacrifice in the name of family’s reputation. Balinese women have been given similar rights in getting education, employment and proposing opinion, on the other hand, they are tied by various systems held in Bali. “Desak Terdesak” has 20 minutes duration using Realism and Classical Hollywood approach as a form of work with linear plots corresponding to the action of events. Dialogue in the film uses Balinese language with Singaraja dialect to strengthen setting and characterization built in the story. Library sources like Eastern Philosophy, An Introductory To Hinduism AndBuddhism, Balinese Women, Balinese Custom, Hereditary Right Of Balinese Women And Misconceptions Of Caste is used as a reference in creating this work. The film that has been inspired by a real story provides little knowledge,informations, the reader as well as the audience understanding related to the women position in law and in customary intercommunication of Balinese community that follow patrilineal kinship system. Keywords: film, woman, Bali, culture, system, form.

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Human rights: common meaning and differences in positioning

Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa ◽

10.1590/s0102-37722003000300002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 201-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Willem Doise

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Social Conflict ◽

Social Representations ◽

The Other ◽

Social Actors ◽

Western Countries ◽

Other Hand ◽

Research Findings ◽

Common Understanding

Human rights are defined as normative social representations embedded in institutional juridical definitions. Research findings show that human rights can be studied as normative social representations implying a degree of common understanding across cultures together with organized differences within and between cultures. Important factors in modulating individual positioning in the realm of human rights are experiences of social conflict and injustice, beliefs about the efficiency of various social actors to have rights enforced and attitudes of liberalism or collectivism. On the other hand, an ethnocentric use of human rights is well documented and has been experimentally studied. Generally, concerns about these rights expressed by citizens of Western countries become much stronger when non-Western countries are involved, whereas violations of these rights in their own country are often not severely condemned.

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Without order, anything goes? The prohibition of forced displacement in non-international armed conflict

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s1816383109990397 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 91 (875) ◽

pp. 547-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jan Willms

Keyword(s):

Armed Conflict ◽

The Other ◽

Customary Law ◽

Forced Displacement ◽

Other Hand ◽

State Practice

AbstractAt first glance, merely the ‘ordering’ of displacement seems to be prohibited in non-international armed conflict. However, after interpreting Article 17(1) AP II and Rule 129(B) of the ICRC Customary Law Study with particular regard to State practice and opinio juris, the author concludes that these norms prohibit forced displacement regardless of whether it is ordered or not. On the other hand, the ICC Elements of Crimes for the crime of forced displacement under Article 8(2)(e)(viii) ICC Statute require an order. It remains to be seen whether the ICC adopts that interpretation in its jurisprudence.

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SOCIAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL WISDOMS

Yustisia Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Jamin

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Cultural Diversity ◽

Local Community ◽

Social Conflict ◽

The Other ◽

Conflict Prevention ◽

Social Conflicts ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Other Hand ◽

Conflicts Resolution

Ethnic, religious, race, and cultural diversity, as well as a large number of populations, are a treasure and strength for the Indonesian people, but on the other hand, it can be potential social conflicts that jeopardize the national integrity. Local wisdom which lived generations by generations and owned by the various local community is a social asset that can be empowered in social conflict resolution. Local wisdom plays an important role, not only preventing social conflict but also providing breakthroughs to resolve conflicts that occurred. Law Number 7 of 2012 concerning Social Conflicts Resolution which reflects the principles of local wisdom, it should be more empower those principles into reality. This empowerment can be done by actualizing the values and institutionalize of local wisdom in social conflict resolution that is implemented at the stages of conflict prevention, termination of the conflict, and restoration of post-conflict.

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Un-servile Servants: Misfits of the Azorean Diaspora in Charles Expilly’s Le Brésil tel qu’il est (1862)

Journal of Lusophone Studies ◽

10.21471/jls.v11i0.78 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Roncador

Keyword(s):

Conflict Management ◽

Social Conflict ◽

The Other ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Other Hand ◽

Colonial Brazil ◽

Shed Light

Focusing on the “problem” of domestic un-governability in mid-century Brazil, this essay discloses early stereotypes of white (Portuguese Azorean) servants as arrogant, lazy and self-interested. If, on one hand, such degrading stereotypes provided elite Brazilians with what Michael Pickering has called a “comfort of inflexibility,” on the other hand, these representations also shed light on the vulnerability of employers’ domestic authority and social-conflict management in post-colonial Brazil, particularly in the decades leading up to the abolition of slavery in 1888.

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Rigidity Versus Openness in Late Classical Islamic Law: The Case of the Seventeenth-Century Palestinian Muftī Khayr al-Dīn al-Ramlī

Islamic Law and Society ◽

10.1163/1568519982599481 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 165-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haim Gerber

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Islamic Law ◽

The Other ◽

Customary Law ◽

The West ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

AbstractIn this study I reexamine some well-known generalizations about Islamic law prior to the impact of the West, e.g., the contention that Islamic law became increasingly closed, based more and more on blind imitation. My examination of the fatwā collection of the seventeenth-century Palestinian Muftī Khayr al-Dīn al-Ramlī suggests that increasing closure never took place. On the one hand al-Ramlī faithfully continues the tradition of his classical predecessors, or, in other words, he practices taqlīd by obligating himself to earlier authorities. On the other hand, his fatwās convey a sense of openness, flexibility, and liveliness. These characteristics are concretized in some of the major terms that he uses: ijtihād, or free discretion of the jurist in areas of the law that remained open; iṣtiḥsān, or relaxation of formal rules; and ʿurf, or local customary law, which, by definition, is changeable over time. In my view, the flexibility of Islamic law has been underemphasized in the scholarly literature, and hence it is on this factor in particular that I have chosen to concentrate.

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Struggling for Livelihood: Social Conflict through the Teahouse in Republican Chengdu

European Journal of East Asian Studies ◽

10.1163/157006106778869315 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 247-273

Author(s):

Di Wang

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Social Conflict ◽

Social Issues ◽

Public Life ◽

The Other ◽

Abuse Of Power ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Face ◽

Social Turmoil ◽

Good And Evil

AbstractThis article reveals that teahouses were the scene of a variety of conflicts, from verbal disputes and petty thefts to violence and murder. The author argues that the teahouse, although mainly a place for leisure, business and public life, also became an arena for struggle for livelihood. The teahouse was a microcosm of Chengdu, and anything undertaken there reflected the larger society. Conflicts in the teahouse to a large extent reflected current social issues. Fights broke out when people found it difficult to solve their problems, to make a living and to survive, or when they were anxious or unhappy in the face of injustice, the deteriorating economy, hunger, insecurity and war. On the other hand, conflicts also arose from the abuse of power and privilege and the tyrannical response to social turmoil by thugs, soldiers and outlaws. We can see such unfortunate periods during the first half of the twentieth century. The author also tries to point out that the teahouse functioned as a stage where all kinds of people performed roles that were both good and evil, but all became part of teahouse culture and teahouse life.

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Kontekstualisasi Pemikiran Waris Abdullah Saeed dalam Hukum Kewarisan di Indonesia

ISLAMICA Jurnal Studi Keislaman ◽

10.15642/islamica.2015.9.2.447-478 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Suqiyah Musafa’ah

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

The Other ◽

Customary Law ◽

Other Hand ◽

Value Hierarchy ◽

The Law ◽

Theory Of Value ◽

The One ◽

Fundamental Values

This article seeks to discuss the issue of inheritance in Indonesia and the solution offered through studying the Quranic verses of inheritance according to Abdullah Saeed. Saeed’s methodological approach is used as a tool of analysis to reconstruct the law of inheritance in Indonesia. On the one hand, Saeed’s theory of ‘value hierarchy’ is formulated in order to maintain the principle of Islam’s universality. On the other hand, this theory is applied in order for Islam to be valid for every time and place (sâlih li kull zamân wa makân). Saeed’s theory of ‘value hierarchy’ consists of among others obligatory values, fundamental values, protectional values, implementational values, and instructional values. Based on Saeed’s theory of value hierarchy, the division of inheritance based of customary law (adat) called dumdum kupat (the portion of inheritance for son and that for daughter is the same) is valid and can be applied.

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Perempuan Dalam Konteks Ritual Agama Kaharingan Pada Suku Dayak Maanyan

Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual Indonesia ◽

10.46445/jtki.v1i1.289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Rama Tulus Pilakoannu

Keyword(s):

Culture System ◽

The Other ◽

Community Life ◽

The Real ◽

Religious Ritual ◽

Real Existence ◽

Other Hand ◽

Library Research

Women today have advanced and developed in showing their existence in various lines of life. But on the other hand there are still many women who experience injustice. One aspect that causes this injus-tice is the patriaki culture system. Because it is necessary to explore various aspects of community life to show the real existence of women. Kaharingan religious ritual among the Dayak Maanyan com-munity is one phenomenon that deserves to be explored in relation to the existence of women in these rituals. Therefore it is necessary to question how women are in rituals. From there then this paper aims to identify the rituals in which there is a figure of a woman who plays an important role. The study was conducted with library research. Based on the data obtained shows that women are very important even the highest position in the ritual which in this case looks at the figure of Wadian. Wadian plays a role not only in relations with humans, but more than that in relationships with the divine. AbstrakKaum perempuan saat ini telah maju dan berkembang dalam menunjukkan eksistensinya di berbagai lini kehidupan. Namun pada sisi lain masih banyak juga kaum perempuan yang mengalami ketidak adilan. Salah satu aspek yang menyebabkan ketidakadilan itu adalah sistem budaya patriaki. Karena itu perlu mengeksplorasi berbagai sisi kehidupan masyarakat untuk menunjukkan eksistensi perem puan yang sesungguhnya. Ritual agama Kaharingan di kalangan masyarakat Dayak Maanyan salah satu fenomena yang patut untuk dieksplorasi terkait keberadaan perempuan dalam ritual-ritual tersebut. Karena itu perlu untuk mempertanyakan bagaimana keberadaan perempuan dalam ritual-ritual. Dari situ kemudian tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ritual-ritual yang didalamnya terdapat sosok perempuan yang memegang peranan penting. Penelitian dilakukan dengan penelitian pustaka. Berdasarkan data yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa perempuan berkedudukan sangat penting bahkan tertinggi dalam ritual yang dalam hal ini tampak pada sosok Wadian. Wadian berperan tidak hanya dalam hubungan dengan manusia, namun lebih daripada itu dalam hubungan dengan ilahi.

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Interpretasi Hermeneutika: Meneropong Diskursus Seni Memahami Melalui Lensa Filsafat Modern dan Postmodern

KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra) ◽

10.33479/klausa.v2i02.150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 51-79

Author(s):

Antono Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Conflict ◽

The Other ◽

Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽

Social Phenomena ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Social ◽

Subject And Object ◽

The Subject

The verb "to understand" is not only frequently misinterpreted but also epistemically does not even have the attention from society. In addition, the gap between the object that is understood and the understanding subject is getting wider. The term “understand” is identical with hermeneutics and it becomes an interesting discourse among the philosophers in which it is made to minimize the gap of misunderstanding between subject and object. Modern philosophers such as F.D.E. Schleiermacher, who succeeded in releasing hermeneutical discipline from the theological context into the philosophical context, focused on the aspect of textuality to achieve the objectivity. W.C.L. Dilthey, also a modern philosopher, succeeded in developing the hermeneutics from his predecessors by emphasizing reproductivity in attempt to have re- experience not only from the outer dimensions but also the inner dimensions of an object. While the modern philosophers emphasized the attainment of the objectivity, on the other hand, the postmodern philosophers such as Gadamer and Heidegger critically shifted their attainment to the realm of the subjectivity. Furthermore, if Heidegger departs from phenomenology- ontological perspective which centered on humans as the subject, Gadamer with his philosophical hermeneutics succeeds in restoring the concept of abstraction to the social sciences along with expanding the range of paradigm. These four philosophers have successfully made a significant impact in responding to the social phenomena that are often disturbing the civilization. Thus, hermeneutic interpretation becomes important to be used in order to minimize the occurrence of social conflict as well as to maximize the realization of universal humanism.

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The Conservation in Lyon and the Long Tradition of Coutume and Usage

Studia Iuridica ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.4891 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 405-419

Author(s):

Cornelis M. in ’t Veld

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

19Th Century ◽

Legal History ◽

17Th Century ◽

The Other ◽

Customary Law ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Other Hand ◽

History Of ◽

Law Merchant

In this contribution I am tracing the legal history of the concepts coutume and usage back from today’s international mercantile law to the Tribunal de la Conservation in early modern Lyon. From the late 19th century some theorists were regarding usage as normative when it could be derived from the consensus between contracting parties. We find this conception of usage, for example, in the CISG. On the other hand, the more romantical strain of theorists on the law merchant was stressing that customary law was normative regardless of the possibility to derive it from the parties’ agreements. In early modern Lyon merchants were invoking usages (and to a lesser extent also coutumes) at the Conservation frequently. Because of the juridification of this tribunal in the late 17th century, we expected that the use of the words coutume and usage was in line with the doctrinal conceptions of their days (according to which coutume was a form of written normative customary law and usage was a non-written normative customary law). This, however, was not always the case: sometimes the judges of the Conservation were using the words in a rather loose sense.

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