Humic acid – a potential bioresource for nematode control

Summary There is a growing interest in the use of natural products for crop production and protection. Humic acid is a well-known bioresource that intensifies soil functions and improves crop productivity. This review article provides a synopsis of the humic acid-plant-nematode association and the prospects for using humic acid as an alternative to chemical control of nematodes. Humic acid is known to have toxic and antagonistic effects against many plant-parasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. The required dose for getting significant nematode control ranges from 0.04 to 2.0% concentration. Delivery methods like soil application or drenching, seedling root dip treatment and foliar spray on leaves are effective for nematode control. Humic acid controls plant-parasitic nematodes through various mechanisms including killing juveniles, inhibiting hatching, reducing nematode infectivity and reproduction, and inducing systemic resistance. Humic acid is compatible with bio-inoculants such as Azospirillum spp., phosphobacterium, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Glomus spp., Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum and T. asperellum. These attributes of humic acid show a promising potential for use in nematode control. However, further work on bio-efficacy against a broad spectrum of plant-parasitic nematodes is needed.

Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Pasqua Veronico ◽

Maria Teresa Melillo

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

New Drugs ◽

Effective Control ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plant Growth Stimulants ◽

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

Plant Parasitic Nematodes and their management in crop production: a review

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v4i2.33950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 327-338

Author(s):

Honey Raj Mandal ◽

Shambhu Katel ◽

Sudeep Subedi ◽

Jiban Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Bilateral Symmetry ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

The World ◽

The Many ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes are small worm like transparent, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, multicellular, free living or parasitic microorganism which are predatory, aquatic, terrestrial, entopathogenic, ectoparasite, endoparasite, semi-endoparasite or sedentary. They cause substantial problems to major crops throughout the world, including vegetables, fruits, and grain crops. The root knot and cyst nematodes are economically important pests in numerous crops. Crop damage from nematodes is not readily apparent in most cases, and it often remains hidden by the many other factors limiting plant growth. In the past, the control of the nematodes has been based on the synthetic nematicides, the number of which has been drastically restricted in the EU because of their environmental side effects and subsequent restriction in European Union (EU) rules and regulations. Many other methods like cultural control, biological control, use of biotechnological tools and methods, use of resistant cultivars are tested and proven successful in controlling different species of nematodes all over the world. Alternatively, combinations of the different methods are proven to be highly effective both economically and environmentally.

Potentials of organic amendments in the control of plant parasitic nematodes

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/1351-pps ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Agbenin O

Keyword(s):

Organic Amendment ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Good Control ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Nematode Control ◽

The World ◽

Disease Free ◽

An increasing number of researchers worldwide are showing interest in organic amendment of soil as means of nematode control. Numerous plant species with nematicidal compounds have been identified. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is considered the best-known example of plants with nematicidal properties and is available commercially in some parts of the world. Its efficiency has been proven locally, with the seed powder giving good control in both field and screenhouse. Several materials are in use as organic amendment. However, the choice of materials for amendment will determine its efficiency in control. The use of organic amendments that are disease-free and with a narrow C:N ratio will improve soil fertility while more efficiently reducing the level of nematodes and minimising the risk of increasing the level of another soil borne pathogens and pest

Occurrence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass in Korea

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2021.0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 446-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽

Dong Woon Lee

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽

Ground Cover Plant ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes are not only an important constraint on agricultural crop production, but also cause both direct and indirect damage to turfgrass, which is a ground cover plant. However, studies on plant-parasitic nematodes of turfgrass in Korea are scarce. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was carried out on 13 golf courses in Korea. The results yielded 28 species/taxa belonging to 16 genera and 12 families of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among the isolated species, Helicotylenchus microlobus, Mesocriconema nebraskense, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Mesocriconema sp., and Meloidogyne graminicola were the most prevalent species in all management zones. Twelve species were new records of plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea. Highest maximum densities were showed by T. claytoni, Paratylenchus nanus, M. nebraskense, M. graminicola, and H. microlobus. Diversity (H’), was significantly higher in fairways compared to tees and greens, though species evenness (J’) and dominance (D) showed no statistically significant differences. This information is crucial in nematode problem diagnosis, and the subsequent formulation of management strategies.

Fluensulfone: A New “Tool in the Tool Box” to Manage Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Production

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs1313-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gilma X. Castillo ◽

Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Pablo A. Navia Gine

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Nematode Management ◽

The Impact ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a problem in agricultural systems by feeding on crops, therefore affecting their yield. Fluensulfone is a chemical that can be applied using various methods to manage the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production. This 6-page document discusses the characteristics and use of fluensulfone as a tool for nematode management practices. Written by Gilma X. Castillo, Monica Ozores-Hampton, and Pablo A. Navia Gine and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Horticultural Sciences, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1313

Fertilizer application enhances establishment of cacao seedlings in plant-parasitic nematodes infected soil

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Samuel Bukola ORISAJO ◽

Kayode Babatunde ADEJOBI

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Percentage Survival ◽

Low soil fertility, pests and diseases are major problems of growth and establishment of cacao seedlings on the field. Cocoa production increases by new plantings and rehabilitation of moribund farms, but a build-up of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) causing dieback and declining soil fertility has discouraged many farmers, leading to a reduction in crop productivity. In this study, the potentials of some organic wastes as fertilizers and their effects on establishment of cacao seedlings in PPN infected soils was investigated at Ibadan and Owena of Southwestern Nigeria. Goat dung (GD), organic fertilizer (OF), organo-mineral fertilizers (OMF) and NPK 15:15:15 were applied at 200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1, respectively, to cacao seedlings one month after transplanting, while unfertilized served as control. Results from the experiments showed a significant increase in percentage survival of cacao seedlings under organic fertilizers at Ibadan and Owena compared to NPK and control even at the lowest rate of 200 kg ha-1 3 years after transplanting. The incorporation of GD, OF and OMF significantly reduced the population densities of PPN compared to control. Therefore, GD, OF and OMF at 200 kg ha-1 are recommended for soil application to enhance the field establishment of cacao seedlings in the soil infected with PPN.

Research on plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in Ethiopia: a review of current state and future direction

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002919 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 741-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eyualem Abebe ◽

Tesfamariam Mekete ◽

Awol Seid ◽

Beira H. Meressa ◽

Mesfin Wondafrash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Damage Threshold ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Limited Information ◽

National Goal ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Current State ◽

Food self-sufficiency is Ethiopia’s national priority goal. Given that pest management seriously impacts agriculture, research on crop diseases is of paramount significance to the national goal. Here we provide a comprehensive account of research on plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in Ethiopia. We show that the limited information available indicates that plant-parasitic nematodes impact crop production. There exists a serious gap in knowledge with regard to the effects of plant-parasitic nematodes on almost all major crops. This gap includes surveys with appropriate levels of identification, distribution, and yield loss and damage threshold studies on target crops. The current state of knowledge hinders the nation’s ability to design and implement appropriate control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes. We propose a strategic assessment of plant-parasitic nematodes of all major crops, the need for systematic manpower training and continued search for entomopathogenic nematodes in the major agro-ecological zones of the nation and further research on those entomopathogenic nematodes already identified.

Recent Advances in Population Genomics of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-09-20-0418-rvw ◽

2020 ◽

pp. PHYTO-09-20-041

Author(s):

Josselin Montarry ◽

Benjamin Mimee ◽

Etienne G. J. Danchin ◽

Georgios D. Koutsovoulos ◽

Dave T. Ste-Croix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Population Genomics ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Evolutionary Potential ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Genome Variability ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a costly burden of crop production. Ubiquitous in nature, phytoparasitic nematodes are associated with nearly every important agricultural crop and represent a significant constraint on global food security. Population genetics is a key discipline in plant nematology to understand aspects of the life strategies of these parasites, in particular their modes of reproduction, geographic origins, evolutionary histories, and dispersion abilities. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled a recent but active effort in genomic analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes. Such genomic approaches applied to multiple populations are providing new insights into the molecular and evolutionary processes that underpin the establishment of these nematodes and into a better understanding of the genetic and mechanistic basis of their pathogenicity and adaptation to their host plants. In this review, we attempt to update information about genome resources and genotyping techniques useful for nematologists who are thinking about initiating population genomics or genome sequencing projects. This review is intended also to foster the development of population genomics in plant-parasitic nematodes through highlighting recent publications that illustrate the potential for this approach to identify novel molecular markers or genes of interest and improve our knowledge of the genome variability, pathogenicity, and evolutionary potential of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Chapter 14: Nematodes and Their Management

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-cv112-2006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2006 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph W. Noling

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Production Problems ◽

Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic roundworms which live in the soil and attack the roots of plants. Crop production problems induced by nemotodes therefore generally occur as a result of root dysfuntion, reducing rooting volume and foraging and utilization efficiency of water and nurtients. This document is ENY625, Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published November 2006.

Current Utility of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Control Agents towards Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1167

Author(s):

Pratima Subedi ◽

Kaitlin Gattoni ◽

Wenshan Liu ◽

Kathy S. Lawrence ◽

Sang-Wook Park

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are among the most economically and ecologically damaging pests, causing severe losses of crop production worldwide. Chemical-based nematicides have been widely used, but these may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Hence, biological control agents (BCAs) have become an alternative option for controlling PPN, since they are environmentally friendly and cost effective. Lately, a major effort has been made to evaluate the potential of a commercial grade strain of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as BCAs, because emerging evidence has shown that PGPR can reduce PPN in infested plants through direct and/or indirect antagonistic mechanisms. Direct antagonism occurs by predation, release of antinematicidal metabolites and semiochemicals, competition for nutrients, and niche exclusion. However, the results of direct antagonism may be inconsistent due to unknown endogenous and exogenous factors that may prevent PGPR from colonizing plant’s roots. On the other hand, indirect antagonism may occur from the induced systemic resistance (ISR) that primes whole plants to better fight against various biotic and abiotic constraints, actuating faster and/or stronger defense responses (adaption), enhancing their promise as BCAs. Hence, this review will briefly revisit (i) two modes of PGPR in managing PPN, and (ii) the current working models and many benefits of ISR, in the aim of reassessing current progresses and future directions for isolating more effective BCAs and/or developing better PPN management strategy.