Schistonchus (Aphelenchoididae) from Ficus benjamina in Australia, with description of S. benjamina sp. n.

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faerlie Bartholomaeus ◽  
Kerrie A. Davies ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The North ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Tail Tip

Ficus benjamina (Moracaeae subfamily Urostigma, section Conosycea) grows naturally in tropical Asia and in Australia in the north of the Northern Territory and the Cairns region of Queensland. It is widely grown as an ornamental in more temperate regions of Australia. Schistonchus benjamina sp. n. is described from sycones of F. benjamina in Brisbane, and is differentiated from other species of Schistonchus by a combination of morphological characters including having the excretory pore opening near the head, a short post-vulval uterine sac, rose thorn-shaped spicule, lightly sclerotised stylet and spicule, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one adcloacal, one at mid-tail length and one near the tail tip); and apparent biogeographical range. Phylogenetic analyses based on D3 sequences from collections from both northern and southern Queensland suggest that S. benjamina sp. n. is a species complex, but specimens from the different locations cannot be separated on morphological or morphometric data. Schistonchus benjamina sp. n. is closest to S. microcarpus from F. microcarpa (Urostigma, section Urostigma) in China.

Schistonchus molochi sp. n. and S. athertonensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Ficus watkinsiana (Moraceae) in Australia

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie A. Davies ◽  
Faerlie Bartholomaeus ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Tail Tip

Ficus watkinsiana (sub-genus Urostigma, Section Stilpnophyllum) is endemic to Australia, growing in two disjunct populations, one in north-eastern Queensland and the other in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. Schistonchus molochi sp. n. is described from F. watkinsiana in Queensland, Australia, and differentiated from other species of Schistonchus by a combination of morphological characters including having the excretory pore opening near the nerve ring, a broad head, a large, strongly sclerotised, stylet, a distinct lip sector disc with raised edges, a long post-uterine sac, rose-thorn-shaped spicule, no gubernaculum, three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one pair pre-cloacal on the anterior lip, one pair adcloacal on the posterior lip, and one slightly posterior to mid-tail) and bluntly rounded tail tip, and apparent biogeographical range. Presence of the lip sector disc suggests that it is closest to S. macrophylla. Schistonchus athertonensis sp. n. is also described from F. watkinsiana in Queensland and is characterised by a combination of morphological characters, including having the excretory pore opening near the nerve ring, a medium length post-uterine sac, presence of vulval flap in some specimens, rose-thorn-shaped spicule, no gubernaculum, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one pair adcloacal on the posterior lip, one at three to four-fifths of the tail length and one near the tip), a narrowly rounded tail tip, and apparent biogeographical range. Morphospecies 8, originally collected from F. obliqua, was also collected from F. watkinsiana in Queensland, and S. altermacrophylla was found with it in South Australia. These collections are further evidence of host-switching within Schistonchus.

Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Georgia

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorgadze ◽  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Medea Burjanadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.

scholarly journals Species Delineation Within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Complex Revealed by Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian F Gomez ◽  
James Skelton ◽  
M Sedonia Steininger ◽  
Richard Stouthamer ◽  
Paul Rugman-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
C Subunit

Abstract The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff sensu lato is a complex of genetically divergent emerging pests responsible for damages to tree industries and ecosystems around the world. All lineages within the species complex are currently considered morphologically identical, presenting problems for their delineation and highlighting the shortcomings of species concepts based solely on type-specimen morphology. The objectives of this work were to 1) broaden the geographic sampling of the E. fornicatus complex in Asia, 2) reconstruct relationships between clades and populations, 3) find morphological characters or combinations of characters which are useful in delimiting the genetic lineages of the E. fornicatus species complex, and 4) propose taxonomic delimitation of species where morphology and phylogenetic identity correlate. Our integrated approach using molecular and morphological evidence suggests four clades that differ morphologically, but with overlap, therefore, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) barcoding remains necessary for assigning specimens to a clade. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: E. fornicatus (Eichhoff 1868) (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade a’); E. fornicatior (Eggers 1923), stat. rev. (= ‘Tea Shot Hole Borer Clade b’); E. whitfordiodendrus (Schedl 1942), stat. rev. (= ‘Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer’); and E. kuroshio Gomez and Hulcr, sp. nov. (= ‘Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer’). This approach delivers a practical, evidence-based guidance for species delineation that can address overlapping variation in morphological characters of an emerging pest species complex.

Total evidence phylogeny of the North American harvestman family Stygnopsidae (Opiliones : Laniatores : Grassatores) reveals hidden diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Cruz-López ◽  
Oscar F. Francke
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
The Status ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

Systematic relationships among Laniatores have received considerable attention during the past few years. Many significant taxonomic changes have been proposed, particularly in the superfamily Gonyleptoidea. As part of this superfamily, the basalmost Stygnopsidae is the least known family. In order to propose the first total evidence phylogeny of the family, we produced four datasets: three molecular markers – partial nuclear 28S, mitochondrial ribosomal 16S, mitochondrial protein-encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; and 72 morphological characters. With these data, we performed three different phylogenetic analyses: (1) Bayesian Inference with molecular data, and (2) Bayesian Inference and (3) Maximum Likelihood using combined data. Our results are congruent: a monophyletic Stygnopsidae subdivided into two major clades: Stygnopsinae and Karosinae, subfam. nov. The following genera are redefined: Stygnopsis, Hoplobunus and Serrobunus stat. rev. The following taxa are described: Iztlina venefica, gen. nov., sp. nov. and Tonalteca, gen. nov. Additionally, the following changes are proposed: Serrobunus queretarius (Šilhavý, 1974), comb. nov., Stygnopsis apoalensis (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973), comb. nov., Stygnopsis mexicana (Roewer, 1915), comb. nov., Stygnopsis oaxacensis (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973), comb. nov., and Tonalteca spinooculorum (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973), comb. nov. We also discuss the status of the genera Isaeus stat. rev. and Mexotroglinus. Finally, we discuss the evolution of male genitalia and convergence of selected homoplastic diagnostic characters.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suga ◽  
G. W. Karugia ◽  
T. Ward ◽  
L. R. Gale ◽  
K. Tomimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. We examined 298 strains of the F. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in Japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. Phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) revealed the presence and differential distribution of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) and F. asiaticum in Japan. F. graminearum s. str. is predominant in the north, especially in the Hokkaido area, while F. asiaticum is predominant in southern regions. In the Tohoku area, these species co-occurred. Trichothecene chemotyping of all strains by multiplex PCR revealed significantly different chemotype compositions of these species. All 50 strains of F. graminearum s. str. were of a 15- or 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type, while 173 (70%) out of 246 strains of F. asiaticum were of a nivalenol type. The possibility of gene flow between the two species was investigated by use of 15 PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study. However, no obvious hybrids were detected from 98 strains examined, including strains collected from regions where both species co-occur.

Steinernema taiwanensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (3) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHING-TZU TSENG ◽  
ROGER F. HOU ◽  
LI-CHENG TANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Blade Tip

A new isolate of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema taiwanensis n. sp., was isolated from soil in Pingtung County, Taiwan. This new species could be characterized and distinguished from other related species by its morphological characters, morphometrics, and phylogenetic analysis. The body length and distance from anterior end to nerve ring of infective juveniles is 1012 (983–1045) µm and 124 (120–127) µm, lateral field formula 2, 6, 7, 8, 2, and the tail length 90 (79–96) µm without dorsal constriction in tail region. The first generation males of S. taiwanensis n. sp. are characterized by spicule shape, smooth blade tip, 23 genital papillae (11 pairs and 1 single papilla), spicule length of 94 (89–99) µm and gubernaculum length of 68 (65–70) µm. Females from the first generation of S. taiwanensis n. sp. have no epiptygmata and a slightly developed post-anal swelling. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and D2D3 regions of rDNA showed that S. taiwanensis n. sp. belongs to the Longicaudum-clade and comprises a monophyletic group with S. guangdongense and S. longicaudum. The new isolate is described as a novel species according to morphological and phylogenetic analyses. 

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Pratylenchus rwandae n. sp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) associated with maize in Rwanda

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phougeishangbam Rolish Singh ◽  
Alliance Nyiragatare ◽  
Toon Janssen ◽  
Marjolein Couvreur ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Pratylenchus rwandae n. sp., a root-lesion nematode associated with maize (Zea mays) from Rwanda, is described. This new species is characterised by females of medium to large size (469-600 μm) having an offset lip region with three annuli, stylet of 13-14.6 μm long with prominent rounded or anteriorly concave knobs, short to long pharyngeal gland overlap of 10.9-34.7 μm long, variable number of lateral lines (4-14) in different regions of the body, lateral field consisting of smooth bands, oval to slightly rounded spermatheca, vulva located at 75-80% of the total body length, post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 20.3-26.5 μm long, tail subcylindrical to conoid with variation in tail tip shape from rounded to truncate or indented with generally smooth tip, and male unknown. The results of the phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S, partial 18S and ITS of rDNA and COI of mitochondrial DNA indicate that P. rwandae n. sp. is a species within the Penetrans group and appears as a sister species to a group comprising P. convallariae, P. dunensis, P. fallax, P. oleae, P. penetrans, P. pinguicaudatus, and three other unidentified species. A comparison of important morphological characters of the closely related Pratylenchus spp. is provided.

scholarly journals Cryptic species diversity in polypores: the Skeletocutis nivea species complex

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 45-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aku Korhonen ◽  
Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan ◽  
Otto Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Species

We propose a taxonomic revision of the two closely related white-rot polypore species,Skeletocutisnivea(Jungh.) Jean Keller andS.ochroalbaNiemelä (Incrustoporiaceae, Basidiomycota), based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor EF-1α sequences. We show that prevailing morphological species concepts ofS.niveaandS.ochroalbaare non-monophyletic and we delineate new species boundaries based on phylogenetic inference. We recognise eleven species within the prevailing species concept ofS.nivea(S.calidasp. nov.,S.coprosmaecomb. nov.,S.futilissp. nov.,S.imperviasp. nov.,S.ipuletiisp. nov.,S.lepidasp. nov.,S.nemoralissp. nov.,S.niveasensu typi,S.semipileatacomb. nov.,S.unguinasp. nov.andS.yuchengiisp. nov.) and assign new sequenced epitypes forS.niveaandS.semipileata.The traditional concept ofS.ochroalbacomprises two independent lineages embedded within theS.niveaspecies complex. The Eurasian conifer-dwelling speciesS.cummatasp. nov.is recognised as separate from the North AmericanS.ochroalbasensu stricto. Despite comprehensive microscopic examination, the majority of the recognised species are left without stable diagnostic character combinations that would enable species identification based solely on morphology and ecology.

scholarly journals An Updated Global Species Diversity and Phylogeny in the Forest Pathogenic Genus Heterobasidion (Basidiomycota, Russulales)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jia-Jia Chen ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Francis Martin ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Second World War ◽  
White Rot ◽  
World War ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
The North ◽  
Second World

Heterobasidion species are amongst the most intensively studied polypores because several species are aggressive white rot pathogens of managed coniferous forests mainly in Europe and North America. In the present study, both morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses were carried out on Heterobasidion samples from Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America. Three new taxa were found, i.e., H. armandii, H. subinsulare, and H. subparviporum are from Asia and are described as new species. H. ecrustosum is treated as a synonym of H. insulare. So far, six taxa in the H. annosum species complex are recognized. Heterobasidion abietinum, H. annosum, and H. parviporum occur in Europe, H. irregulare, and H. occidentale in North America, and H. subparviporum in East Asia. The North American H. irregulare was introduced to Italy during the Second World War. Species in the H. annosum complex are pathogens of coniferous trees, except H. subparviporum that seems to be a saprotroph. Ten species are found in the H. insulare species complex, all of them are saprotrophs. The pathogenic species are distributed in Europe and North America; the Asian countries should consider the European and North American species as entry plant quarantine fungi. Parallelly, European countries should consider the American H. occidentale and H. irregulare as entry plant quarantine fungi although the latter species is already in Italy, while North America should treat H. abietinum, H. annosum s.s., and H. parviporum as entry plant quarantine fungi. Eight Heterobasidion species found in the Himalayas suggest that the ancestral Heterobasidion species may have occurred in Asia.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Spirinia antipodea Leduc n. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae), a cryptic species related to S. parasitifera, from the coast of New Zealand

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc ◽  
Zeng Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
High Degree

Summary Spirinia parasitifera is a common nematode species recorded from coastal habitats of the White, North and Barents Seas, the Northwest Atlantic, the Maldives and Australia, and exhibits a high degree of variability in some morphological characters. For these reasons it has been suggested that S. parasitifera is a species complex comprised of several distinct but potentially cryptic species. However, no study has yet combined molecular and morphological approaches to verify this assertion. Here, we describe S. antipodea n. sp., a species morphologically very similar to S. parasitifera, from the coast of New Zealand. Spirinia antipodea n. sp. differs from the original description of S. parasitifera as well as subsequent descriptions by other authors in at least one body dimension, but no single trait differs consistently between the New Zealand specimens and all descriptions of S. parasitifera. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species is distinct from other species of the genus, including S. parasitifera specimens sampled near the type locality. The S. antipodea n. sp. SSU sequence differed from other Spirinia sequence by 2.1-5.3%, whilst D2-D3 of LSU sequences differed by 12.5-18.9%. The consensus SSU tree also recovered three distinct S. parasitifera clades, which provides support for the existence of a species complex. Because it is not possible to determine whether the variability in morphological characters observed among descriptions of S. parasitifera is intra- or interspecific, and therefore to determine which trait can reliably be used to differentiate between S. antipodea n. sp. and S. parasitifera, the new species is best differentiated from S. parasitifera and other closely related species based on SSU sequences rather than morphological characters.

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