A Critical Vision of Disruptive Nanotechnologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 614-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Foladori ◽  
Noela Invernizzi

AbstractNanotechnologies constitute one of the most innovative processes of production, and their products already reach all economic sectors. In view of their potential to boost economic development and competitiveness, governments have declared them areas of priority or strategic interest.In the framework of studies that deal with the evaluation of benefits, impacts, and harmful effects of new technologies, this article analyses the potential barriers to an inclusive development of nanotechnologies to improve the living conditions of broad sectors of the population. It is concluded that the discussion on disruptive technologies leaves aside the socio-economic and political context in which nanotechnologies are developed. It is in this context that the barriers to a more inclusive development aimed at improving the living conditions of the population must be sought. But, even if this target is not met, new technologies can result in market and competitive advantages, although deepening the gap in social inequality.The text is divided into two sections. In the first, the peculiarities of nanotechnologies are explained, allowing their identification as a new form of disruptive production. In the second, an analysis of the context in which nanotechnologies develop as well as their potential social implications is provided.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
ILYA VINOKUROV ◽  

The main advantages of the digital economy include the widespread use of the Internet and growth of digital skills, increased innovation and investment activity, expansion of markets for knowledge-intensive services and technologies, diversification of labor and service markets, inclusive development in regions, etc. The digital economy benefits productivity and competition between companies, reduces production costs, increases the number of high-performance jobs, enhances public welfare, and ensures national security. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems of the digitalization process in Russia, which the Russian society may meet or have already faced during the introduction and use of new technologies and knowledge obtained as a result of the fourth scientific and technological revolution. Active business development in the field of computer information technology and telecommunications, as well as the creation of the necessary economic environment, contributes to an increase in the supply of information, technical and technological products that are associated with the use of computers and computer networks, strengthening the state scientific and technological potential, increase in demand for domestic information products, which are created and used for the production of information and computer technology, increase investment in information and computer sphere, as well as areas of implementation of such technologies in various economic sectors. Digitalization of economy will raise the quality of life for citizens, introduce new jobs, reduce regional disparities, increase labor productivity and corporate profitability, as well as ensure economic growth.


Author(s):  
Lianjia Sun ◽  
Jun Lin

New disruptive technologies invalidate the traditional competition dimension in continuous innovation and reconstruct the competitive landscape. These technologies leave a management gap in the adoption of new technologies by competing companies. Accordingly, this research establishes a duopoly game model based on horizontal and vertical differentiations for technology competition problems with asymmetric features. Competition between firms and technologies are investigated simultaneously. We find that a profit increase from new technologies is typically eliminated by the increased technology competition. Thus, firms with competitive advantages in the old market may be late in adopting new technologies, and the competition will further delay the adoption process. We then introduce a preemption strategy for adopting disruptive technologies, and test it in both current established competition and threat competition from the entrants. Results show that leading companies may hesitate in deterring new entrants for fear of losing the leadership in the current competition. At last, we provide a time strategy that can help the market leader maintain a leadership position with minimal losses. Our research has contributed to the studies of both the interpretation of the “innovator's dilemma” and the direction of technology adoption research under multi-dimensional technologies and multiple competitors.


Author(s):  
С.К. Кунязова ◽  
Е.К. Кунязов ◽  
А.С. Кадырова ◽  
С.К. Жетпысбаев ◽  
S. Kunyazova ◽  
...  

В статье отмечается, что экономический рост должен предполагать активизацию развития предпринимательства и повышение его роли в национальной экономике. Малое и среднее предпринимательство как особый способ хозяйственной деятельности призвано стимулировать усиление внутрихозяйственного развития, расширение занятости населения и реализацию конкурентных преимуществ Казахстана в международном разделении труда. Предпринимательская среда и реальный сектор экономики больше всего подверглись негативному влиянию во время пандемии. Несмотря на это, отечественная экономика продолжает показывать положительную динамику в это нелегкое время. Проведен анализ доли активных субъектов в общем количестве зарегистрированных субъектов МСП, структуры занятых в индивидуальном предпринимательстве по видам экономической деятельности, показана оценка вклада малого и среднегопредпринимательства в валовой внутренний продукт и динамика кредитования банками субъектов малого предпринимательства в разрезе отраслей экономики за последние годы. Авторы отмечают, что главным фактором, ограничивающим возможности предпринимателей, являются трудности получения финансирования. Поэтому одной из целей поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства является создание условий для удешевления кредитных ресурсов, развитие государственно-частного партнерства, формирование групп банков, финансовых компаний, инвестиционных фондов, работающих с субъектами предпринимательства. Остро возникает необходимость в увеличении объемов доступной финансово-кредитной поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства по приоритетным направлениям экономического развития страны, также должно быть уделено внимание снижению налоговой нагрузки. The article notes that economic growth should involve the intensification of the development of entrepreneurship and an increase in its role in the national economy. Small and medium-sized businesses as a special way of economic activity are designed to stimulate the strengthening of intra-economic development, the expansion of employment of the population and the implementation of Kazakhstan's competitive advantages in the international division of labor. The business environment and the real sector of the economy were most negatively affected during the pandemic. Despite this, the domestic economy continues to show positive dynamics during this difficult time. The analysis of the share of active subjects in the total number of registered SMEs, the structure of those employed in individual entrepreneurship by type of economic activity, shows the assessment of the contribution of small and medium-sized businesses to the gross domestic product and the dynamics of bank lending to small businesses in the context of economic sectors in recent years. The authors note that the main factor limiting the opportunities for entrepreneurs is the difficulty of obtaining funding. Therefore, one of the goals of supporting small and medium-sized businesses is to create conditions for cheaper credit resources, the development of public-private partnerships, the formation of groups of banks, financial companies, investment funds working with business entities. There is an urgent need to increase the volume of available financial and credit support for small and medium-sized businesses in priority areas of the country's economic development, and attention should also be paid to reducing the tax burden.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Dung

The Central Highlands is an area with a large community of ethnic minorities to be living. In the process of integration into the world economy, community tourism are one of the economic sectors that are interested in developing in our country in general and the Central Highlands area in particular.Although the activity has not been long, but it can be said that tourism and community tourism are the basis and premise to contribute to the socio-economic development of the Central Highlands; contribute to restoring many traditional cultural values of ethnic groups. For a variety of subjective and objective reasons, tourism activity and community tourism have affected ethnic lifestyles, customs and culture in both positive and limited ways. This is an issue that needs to be considered for research, with practical implications for sustainable tourism activities to create momentum for economic development and cultural preservation of ethnic groups in the Central Highlands area in the period of accelerating industrialization, nationalization and international economic integration.


GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Dr. Entisar Al-Obaidi

Media refers to the channels of communication through which we distribute news, education, movies, music, advertising messages and other information. It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, telephone, the Internet, fax and billboards, are a dominant force in lives of children. Although television is remaining the predominant medium for children and adolescents, the new technologies are become more popular. We have to concern about the potential harmful effects of media "messages and images"; however, the positive and negative effects of media should be recognized. Parents have to establish the plan for all media in family home. Media that are influences on children should be recognized by "schools, policymakers, product advertisers, and entertainment producers".


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
S. V. Shchurina ◽  
A. S. Danilov

The subject of the research is the introduction of artificial intelligence as a technological innovation into the Russian economic development. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that the Russian market of artificial intelligence is still in the infancy and the necessity to bridge the current technological gap between Russia and the leading economies of the world is coming to the forefront. The financial sector, the manufacturing industry and the retail trade are the drivers of the artificial intelligence development. However, company managers in Russia are not prepared for the practical application of expensive artificial intelligence technologies. Under these circumstances, the challenge is to develop measures to support high-tech projects of small and medium-sized businesses, given that the technological innovation considered can accelerate the development of the Russian economy in the energy sector fully or partially controlled by the government as well as in the military-industrial complex and the judicial system.The purposes of the research were to examine the current state of technological innovations in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries and Russia and develop proposals for improving the AI application in the Russian practices.The paper concludes that the artificial intelligence is a breakthrough technology with a great application potential. Active promotion of the artificial intelligence in companies significantly increases their efficiency, competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates introduction of new technologies, improves product quality and scales up manufacturing. In general, the artificial intelligence gives a new impetus to the development of Russia and facilitates its entry into the five largest world’s economies.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Sergevna Arkhipova

While the development of the country's national innovation system as a whole is very important and should be prioritized, its regional aspect is even more important. The specifics of the Russian Federation's transition to an innovation-based economy is in that that, at the present time, prioritized is the need to ensure the effective development of those economy sectors that underlie the country's specialization and may provide regional and national competitive advantages. To such sectors belong the chemical industry, machine-building and power energetics. We would like to note that initial innovation awareness indicators in the regions are comparable and do not differ greatly but the growth of activity can be observed only in some of the regions. The problem of large differentiation among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by their level of economic development remains important and has to be dealt with. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Paul R. Sanberg ◽  
Karen J.L. Burg

Universities have long recognized the need to create pathways for ideas and new technologies to advance from academic labs to market; however, the decentralized and haphazard nature of American innovation means that some discoveries may be neglected. In order to more effectively address the issues with innovation, a research team led by Steven Currall produced a new framework in the book Organized Innovation: A Blueprint for Renewing America's Prosperity. Because of the current drive of universities to increase innovation, economic development, and corporate partnerships, we thought it was timely to revisit this book and offer commentary on its lessons for navigating these demands.


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