scholarly journals Empowerment of Women Between Law and Science

Hawwa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Biomedical Technology ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Law And Science

Abstract This paper examines the role of biomedical technology in reconstructing traditional gender roles in the Muslim world. It questions the neutrality of this technology and explores the extent to which various applications of genetic and reproductive technologies can be used either to enhance or diminish gender equality. It concentrates on Islamic normative discussions surrounding pre-marital genetic testing and sex selection and emphasizes the role of these discussions for the proper accommodation of these technologies within the Muslim context.

Legal Change and Stigma in Surrogacy and Abortion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
John A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Procreative Liberty ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Good Mother

The role of stigma in limiting reproductive rights has long hovered in the air. Paula Abrams has sorted through the concept and shown how it operates in two major areas of procreative liberty — having a child through surrogacy and avoiding childbirth by abortion. Her paper is especially useful for showing how legal change initially dilutes stigma but may reinstall it with post-legalization regulation.Abrams argues that both abortion and surrogacy are stigmatized because they deviate from traditional gender roles and social expectations about pregnancy and maternity. Past restrictions have rested on a common legal and cultural paradigm of the good mother: a woman who conceives, carries her child to term, and then rears the child. Indeed, as she later argues, evidence of stigma surrounding a practice is “relevant to determining whether laws regulating abortion or surrogacy are based on impermissible stereotyping.”

The Role of Writing and Sociability for the Establishment of a Persona

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Anne Pollok
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
One Step ◽  
Self Formation

This chapter examines the various strategies of intellectual self-formation by female intellectuals. While Henriette Herz created the public persona of the nurturing muse in her salon and established the idea of mutual exchange between the sexes, Rahel Varnhagen took the idea of self-reflection in the eyes of others one step further and, together with her husband, created a monument of remembrance with her collection of letters, fashioning the modern persona as fundamentally constituted through her exchange with others. Bettina von Arnim, finally, had no qualms using the most prominent poet, Goethe, as a prop in her writings, exercising the subversive power of remembrance to establish herself. Even though all these strategies build on the (male) other, they showcase the potential to subvert traditional gender roles.

scholarly journals Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gil Arroyo ◽  
Carla Barbieri ◽  
Sandra Sotomayor ◽  
Whitney Knollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
South America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

Tourism has the potential to empower women, particularly in rural areas. However, little is known about whether it can have the same effect in Andean communities, mainly because the traditional social and cultural structures of those communities have limited women’s ability to empower themselves through traditional economic activities. Through interviews with residents participating in agritourism development in seven communities across the Cusco and Puno regions (Peru, South America), this study examined the role of agritourism development in the empowerment of women in those communities as well as the ways in which it has changed traditional gender roles. Study findings revealed that agritourism contributes to four areas of empowerment for women: psychological, social, political, and economic. However, the culture of the Andean communities still has considerable influence on gender dynamics and may prevent women from garnering all the benefits of tourism development. Agritourism development in those communities should incorporate gender-related cultural considerations to navigate and overcome barriers, thereby allowing the maximization of empowerment benefits for women.

scholarly journals Language influences mass opinion toward gender and LGBT equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (34) ◽  
pp. 16781-16786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Tavits ◽  
Efrén O. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Mass Opinion

To improve gender equality and tolerance toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities, several nations have promoted the use of gender-neutral pronouns and words. Do these linguistic devices actually reduce biases that favor men over women, gays, lesbians, and transgender individuals? The current article explores this question with 3 large-scale experiments in Sweden, which formally incorporated a gender-neutral pronoun into its language alongside established gendered pronouns equivalent to he and she. The evidence shows that compared with masculine pronouns, use of gender-neutral pronouns decreases the mental salience of males. This shift is associated with individuals expressing less bias in favor of traditional gender roles and categories, as reflected in more favorable attitudes toward women and LGBT individuals in public life. Additional analyses reveal similar patterns for feminine pronouns. The influence of both pronouns is more automatic than controlled.

Unmanned Weapons

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Heyns ◽  
Tess Borden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Weapons Systems

This chapter reviews technological advances in weapons systems from a gendered perspective. It describes how unmanned weapons affect women in targeted societies and targeting societies, exploring ways in which traditional gender roles are both exacerbated and relaxed by this weaponry. With respect to masculinity, the chapter discusses the potential for emasculation of traditional male combatants in targeting societies and the dehumanization of men in targeted societies. Drawing on feminist critiques, the chapter closes with a discussion of ethical concerns, including the potential for downplaying collateral damage and overlooking broader societal impacts caused by unmanned weapons. Ultimately, the chapter suggests that although the use of unmanned weapons may theoretically create opportunities for greater gender equality, such benefit is likely outweighed by the risks of depersonalizing the use of force.

scholarly journals ESC rights: PUSHING THE FRONTIERS #1 | Women and public services#1 | Women and public services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Lozano ◽  
Sarah Jameson ◽  
Sylvain Aubry ◽  
Magdalena Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Briefing Paper ◽  
Asymmetrical Power ◽  
Transformative Approach

This briefing paper aims to explore the role of public services in the transformation of asymmetrical power relations between women and men. Released on International Women’s Day, the brief argues that public services can play a decisive role in this transformation, by fostering a critical examination of gender roles, redistributing resources and opportunities and strengthening positive social practices that enhance gender equality. It puts forward five key elements for a gender-transformative approach to the management, delivery, funding and ownership of public services

Questioning Conventional Gender Roles in William Wycherley’s The Plain Dealer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Golman Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

This article argues that the notion of gender is not a fixed category and doesn’t have any given essence to it. The male and female characters in William Wycherley’s play The Plain Dealer perform roles that tend to challenge our traditional conception of gender roles. Gender identities are complex things and it is not possible to reduce them to simple and unproblematic essences. The Character Manly falls into the trap of a woman’s machinations and succumbs to her power. His lack of manliness and the Widow’s knowledge and alacrity prove that traditional gender roles are open to challenge and can be reversed by different characters in different situations. This article analyses the role of the characters in the light of Foucauldian discourse and Judith Butler’s theory of gender as performance.

scholarly journals Cultural Determinants of Gender Roles: “Pragmatism” as an Underpinning Attitude toward Gender Equality among Children of Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ljunge
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
The World

This chapter presents evidence of how attitudes toward gender roles in the home and market are shaped by Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European countries with ancestry from across the world are studied. Individuals are examined within country of residence using variation in cultural dimensions across countries of ancestry. The approach focuses attention on how gender roles are shaped across generations within families. Both influences on the father’s and mother’s side are studied. Ancestry from more masculine cultures shape more traditional gender roles on both parents’ sides. On the father side more pragmatic cultures foster gender equality on the mother’s side power distance promote equality attitudes, although this influence differs markedly between daughters and sons. Pragmatism is in several circumstances the strongest influence on gender norms.

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