scholarly journals Language influences mass opinion toward gender and LGBT equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (34) ◽  
pp. 16781-16786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Tavits ◽  
Efrén O. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Mass Opinion

To improve gender equality and tolerance toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities, several nations have promoted the use of gender-neutral pronouns and words. Do these linguistic devices actually reduce biases that favor men over women, gays, lesbians, and transgender individuals? The current article explores this question with 3 large-scale experiments in Sweden, which formally incorporated a gender-neutral pronoun into its language alongside established gendered pronouns equivalent to he and she. The evidence shows that compared with masculine pronouns, use of gender-neutral pronouns decreases the mental salience of males. This shift is associated with individuals expressing less bias in favor of traditional gender roles and categories, as reflected in more favorable attitudes toward women and LGBT individuals in public life. Additional analyses reveal similar patterns for feminine pronouns. The influence of both pronouns is more automatic than controlled.

Unmanned Weapons

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Heyns ◽  
Tess Borden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Weapons Systems

This chapter reviews technological advances in weapons systems from a gendered perspective. It describes how unmanned weapons affect women in targeted societies and targeting societies, exploring ways in which traditional gender roles are both exacerbated and relaxed by this weaponry. With respect to masculinity, the chapter discusses the potential for emasculation of traditional male combatants in targeting societies and the dehumanization of men in targeted societies. Drawing on feminist critiques, the chapter closes with a discussion of ethical concerns, including the potential for downplaying collateral damage and overlooking broader societal impacts caused by unmanned weapons. Ultimately, the chapter suggests that although the use of unmanned weapons may theoretically create opportunities for greater gender equality, such benefit is likely outweighed by the risks of depersonalizing the use of force.

scholarly journals Women In Medicine - Gender Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 292-295
Author(s):  
Nigora Salieva ◽  
◽  
Ulugbek Saliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Aspects

Respect for women is a noble quality inherent in our people. A worthy encouragement of the role and work of women in the upbringing of a healthy and harmoniously developed generation, the creation of the best conditions for them are among the priority directions of state policy. Widely used in the world community, the concept of "gender equality" implies the equal participation of men and women in all spheres of state and public life, in particular, in governance, decision-making and the security sector. A solid legal basis for equality between women and men has been created in our country. Their equality is enshrined in the Constitution. Labor law also provides for gender equality. As a result of the large-scale reforms being implemented in the country, the place of women in the socio-economic sphere is increasingly being strengthened.

Gender issues in Kotleba’s People’s Party of Our Slovakia: An attempt at a thematic analysis

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Ďurinová ◽  
Darina Malová
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Party Ideology

AbstractThe article analyses party documents and rhetoric from Kotleba’s People’s Party of Our Slovakia (ĽSNS) and demonstrates that it has a culturally conservative, instrumental and paternalist-populist attitude to gender issues. The thematic analysis indicates that the ĽSNS not only seeks to promote traditional gender roles and the exclusion of women from public space but also uses quasi-feminist arguments. These, for instance, call on women to engage more in public life but only in support of its patriarchal agenda. Our findings show that gender related issues feature only peripherally in ĽSNS rhetoric, however they are used strategically as a theme that cuts across the party ideology, forming not its core but being purposely used in relation to the party’s main priorities. ĽSNS uses gender related themes as part of its political arsenal for (1) increasing the party’s support amongst women and (2) seeking to involve more women in the party’s activities to increase its acceptability among voters.

scholarly journals Cultural Determinants of Gender Roles: “Pragmatism” as an Underpinning Attitude toward Gender Equality among Children of Immigrants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ljunge
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
The World

This chapter presents evidence of how attitudes toward gender roles in the home and market are shaped by Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions. Children of immigrants in a broad set of European countries with ancestry from across the world are studied. Individuals are examined within country of residence using variation in cultural dimensions across countries of ancestry. The approach focuses attention on how gender roles are shaped across generations within families. Both influences on the father’s and mother’s side are studied. Ancestry from more masculine cultures shape more traditional gender roles on both parents’ sides. On the father side more pragmatic cultures foster gender equality on the mother’s side power distance promote equality attitudes, although this influence differs markedly between daughters and sons. Pragmatism is in several circumstances the strongest influence on gender norms.

scholarly journals Empowerment of Women Between Law and Science

Hawwa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Biomedical Technology ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Law And Science

Abstract This paper examines the role of biomedical technology in reconstructing traditional gender roles in the Muslim world. It questions the neutrality of this technology and explores the extent to which various applications of genetic and reproductive technologies can be used either to enhance or diminish gender equality. It concentrates on Islamic normative discussions surrounding pre-marital genetic testing and sex selection and emphasizes the role of these discussions for the proper accommodation of these technologies within the Muslim context.

Hostile and Benevolent Sexism

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Glick ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
Traditional Roles

A theory of sexism as ambivalence, not just hostility, toward women is presented. Ambivalent Sexism Theory distinguishes between hostile and “ benevolent” sexism (each addresses issues of power, gender differentiation, and sexuality). Benevolent sexism encompasses subjectively positive (for the sexist) attitudes toward women in traditional roles: protective paternalism, idealization of women, and desire for intimate relations. Hostile sexism encompasses the negative equivalents on each dimension: dominative paternalism, derogatory beliefs, and heterosexual hostility. Both forms of sexism serve to justify and maintain patriarchy and traditional gender roles. The validity of a measure of these constructs, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), is reviewed. Comparisons are offered between the ASI and other measures of sexist attitudes (e.g., the AWS), with suggestions for the proper domains of different scales.

Changing Country, Changing Gender Roles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka ◽  
Magdalena Żadkowska ◽  
Brita Gjerstad ◽  
Justyna Świdrak ◽  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Parental Roles

This chapter explores family lives of couples who migrate from a less gender-egalitarian (i.e., Poland) to a more egalitarian nation (i.e., Norway). The authors present selected results from a large-scale mixed-methods study drawing from interviews conducted longitudinally with couples in Poland and in Norway, interviews with public-sector servants and employers in Norway, and surveys on attitudes toward gender equality and men’s and women’s practices concerning division of parental roles and household duties in both Poland and Norway. The chapter examines the distribution of domestic responsibilities and potential change within cultural norms and practices in the context of migration and highlights cultural and psychological factors that facilitate social change from gender inequality to equality and from nonegalitarianism to egalitarianism among Polish migrant couples in Norway. The evolution of new, de-gendered family roles is discussed, with attention on factors enabling men to be more active in family life.

Profaning Jewish Mores in Chochana Boukhobza's Un été à Jérusalem

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Arenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The City ◽  
Traditional Roles

As a transnational Israeli writer, Chochana Boukhobza delves into the complex problem of crossing borders in Un été à Jérusalem (1986), a text which focuses on the unnamed protagonist's trip from Paris to visit her family during the summer months in Jerusalem. Although the narrator had resided in Israel previously, she is forced to grapple with her ‘Otherness’ in Jerusalem, especially as a Jew originally from Tunisia. The narrator's crisis of exile is defined by her sense of disconnection to her family, the city, Israeli politics, and women's traditional roles. In this essay, particular emphasis will be placed on the protagonist's penchant for profaning Jewish cultural and religious practices, which is articulated through a series of corporeal transgressions. To launch this revolt against the patriarchal structure of the nation in Israel, the narrator rejects the submissive role assigned to Jewish-Tunisian women, and, in so doing, dismantles traditional gender roles.

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

Material World: Gender and the Bible in Evangelical Purity Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moslener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Material World ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Bible

For evangelical adolescents living in the United States, the material world of commerce and sexuality is fraught with danger. Contemporary movements urge young people to embrace sexual purity and abstinence before marriage and eschew the secular pressures of modern life. And yet, the sacred text that is used to authorize these teachings betrays evangelicals’ long-standing ability to embrace the material world for spiritual purposes. Bibles marketed to teenage girls, including those produced by and for sexual purity campaigns, make use of prevailing trends in bible marketing. By packaging the message of sexual purity and traditional gender roles into a sleek modern day apparatus, American evangelicals present female sexual restraint as the avant-garde of contemporary, evangelical orthodoxy.

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