Faces of China: New Chinese Migrants in South Africa, 1980s to Present

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ying Chen ◽  
Tu T. Huynh ◽  
Yoon Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Global South ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Decisions To Stay ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Contrary to media arguments that Chinese migration to Africa is part of a Chinese state project, the vast majority of new Chinese migrants in South Africa arrived (or made decisions to stay) independently, motivated by their desires to improve their lives. Newer Chinese migrants tend to follow paths cut by those who came earlier; some of these earlier migrants from the PRC came with Taiwanese businesses or state-owned enterprises. Today’s Chinese migrants are quite diverse: they come from various parts of China, with different levels of education and experience, and from different class backgrounds. Migration processes and migration successes are linked to sending country, receiving country and global conditions; however, Chinese migrants themselves play an integral role in shaping perceptions, constructing new identities and changing spaces, giving substance to the idea of a “global south”.

scholarly journals Contextualising Chinese Migration to Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1173-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sullivan ◽  
Jing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Experiences

Who are ‘the Chinese’ in Africa? Why are they there? As China’s engagement with African countries intensifies, and the size of the Chinese population in Africa increases, these questions have elicited substantial attention. Many attempts to provide answers, especially in the media and popular publications, are problematically based on uninformed stereotypes and undifferentiated notions of ‘the Chinese’, by implication a homogeneous group lacking contextualisation. Seeking to address such characterisations, this paper uses the digital communications of present and prospective Chinese migrants to provide a more nuanced picture of the motivations, preoccupations and migration experiences of private entrepreneurs and state-owned enterprise workers.

scholarly journals Externalization at work: responses to migration policies from the Global South

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inka Stock ◽  
Ayşen Üstübici ◽  
Susanne U. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Border Zones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe term “externalization” is used by a range of migration scholars, policy makers and the media to describe the extension of border and migration controls beyond the so-called ‘migrant receiving nations’ in the Global North and into neighboring countries or sending states in the Global South. It refers to a wide range of practices from controls of borders, rescue operations, to measures addressing the drivers of migration. The ambition of this Special Issue is to contribute to the mapping of the responses to externalization dynamics. The different articles in this volume are chosen to exemplify some of these processes at different levels of analysis. Through diverse disciplinary perspectives, the authors show how practices of externalization are being confronted, succumbed, modified and contested by individual (would-be) migrants, civil society actors and the host states’ institutions in different parts of the globe. In an effort to move away from a sole focus on border zones in the Global North, the Special Issue contributes to emerging literature shifting the locus of analysis to places in the Global South, which are conventionally understood as “transit” or “sending” countries in Africa, America as well as within Europe itself.

scholarly journals Does Emancipation Matter? Fertility of Chinese International Migrants to the United States and Nonmigrants during China’s One-child Policy Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832199478
Author(s):  
Wanli Nie ◽  
Pau Baizan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of international migration to the United States on the level and timing of Chinese migrants’ fertility. We compare Chinese women who did not leave the country (non-migrants) and were subject to restrictive family policies from 1974 to 2015 to those who moved to the United States (migrants) and were, thus, “emancipated” from these policies. We theoretically develop and empirically test the emancipation hypothesis that migrants should have a higher fertility than non-migrants, as well as an earlier timing of childbearing. This emancipation effect is hypothesized to decline across birth cohorts. We use data from the 2000 US census, the 2005 American Community Survey, the 2000 Chinese census, and the 2005 Chinese 1 percent Population Survey and discrete-time event history models to analyze first, second, and third births, and migration as joint processes, to account for selection effects. The results show that Chinese migrants to the United States had substantially higher childbearing probabilities after migration, compared with non-migrants in China, especially for second and third births. Moreover, our analyses indicate that the migration process is selective of migrants with lower fertility. Overall, the results show how international migration from China to the United States can lead to an increase in migrant women’s fertility, accounting for disruption, adaptation, and selection effects. The rapidly increased fertility after migration from China to the United States might have implications on other migration contexts where fertility in the origin country is dropping rapidly while that in the destination country is relatively stable.

scholarly journals The Conditions for after Work: Financialization and Informalization in Posttransition South Africa

PMLA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Maria Makhulu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Global South ◽  
First Century ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Modes Of Life

This essay situates the problem of twenty-first-century work in the global South—specifically, in South Africa—to challenge northern theories of the crisis of work. Addressing the break between Fordism and post-Fordism peculiar to the postcolonial context, it argues that new regimes of work should be understood in relation both to longer histories of colonial resistance to proletarianization (to the racisms of the shop floor) and to colonial Fordisms, as well as to the way these two factors inform the current expansion of informal employment. What practices and forms of life emerge from the precarity of informal economies and informal settlements? How are precarious modes of life connected to and informed by the steady dematerialization of the economy through financialization?

Introduction: Portable Spirits and Itinerant People: Religion and Migration in South Africa in a Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Blom Hansen ◽  
Caroline Jeannerat ◽  
Samadia Sadouni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
And Migration

Between East Asia and Southeast Asia: Nanyang Studies, Chinese Migration, and National Jinan University, 1927–1940 (在東亞與東南亞之間：南洋研究、華人移民、與國立暨南大學,1927–1940)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-56
Author(s):  
Leander Seah (謝枝嶙)
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Migration ◽  
Chinese Intellectuals ◽  
Trading Networks

Global port cities have played important roles in the migration of ethnic Chinese worldwide. This article argues that the scholarship on Chinese migration between port cities in East Asia and Southeast Asia has overemphasized business and trading networks. It suggests instead that other topics should be examined since Chinese migration has been complex and multi-faceted. This article does so through analyzing the history of Nanyang studies, a Chinese-language scholarly field that is renowned among Chinese intellectuals in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Nanyang studies began with the establishment of the Nanyang Cultural Affairs Bureau at Jinan University, the first school in China for Chinese migrants, because the Bureau was the first systematic attempt by China-based scholars to study the Nanyang (Southeast Asia). This article analyzes the history of Nanyang studies from the Bureau’s founding in 1927 to 1940, when the center for Nanyang studies shifted to Singapore in the Nanyang. 全球港口城市和全球華人移民已有密切關係。本文認為，關於東亞和東南亞的港口城市之間華人移民的學術著作過度注重商業貿易網絡。它建議由於華人移民是複雜的，多方面的，所以其他議題也有重要性。因此，本文將通過南洋研究的歷史而分析華人移民。南洋研究在東亞和東南亞是個著名的學術領域。它的起源於南洋文化教育事業部之暨南大學的創辦。這是因為暨南是中國第一所華僑華人學府，而南洋文化教育事業部是中國學者第一個正式研究南洋(東南亞)的機構。本文將分析南洋研究的歷史，從成立於1927年到1940年轉移到南洋之中的新加坡為止。 (This article is in English).

scholarly journals Jornadas Diferenciadas

Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-144
Author(s):  
Angelo Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Different Levels

This article question generic homogenising representations of ‘the migrant’ by providing an examination of the multivalent ways in which social differences contours migration processes. Migration scholars often reproduce generic homogenising typologies of ‘migrants’, such as the two opposing migrant analogies ‘from the Global South’ (‘the transnational migrant’, who flows through social networks from the Global South to the developed North, seeking economic gains) and ‘from the Global North’ (‘the lifestyle migrant’, who chooses to migrate from developed countries to places they believe offers them the potential of a better quality of life). Through the examination of the journeys of Brazilians in London, this article draws attention to the connections and contexts of both sending and receiving societies, as well as the diversity existing within the Brazilian population abroad. As is argued within this paper, such an analysis allows for better understanding of how the experiences of Brazilians in London are directly shaped by the intersection of multiple social markers, resulting in what I call ‘differentiated journeys’. Brazilians navigate different levels of constraints and constantly re-formulate their journeys due to their class, gender, nationality and documental status. This allow us to frame migratory experiences beyond generalizing and homogenising representations. The empirical research combines an 18-month ethnography in places of leisure with 33 in-depth interviews with Brazilians in London.

scholarly journals Sphingosine 1-phosphate in inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Li ◽  
Lixia An ◽  
Lifang Li ◽  
Yongjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
And Migration

Sphingolipids are formed via the metabolism of sphingomyelin, aconstituent of the plasma membrane, or by denovosynthesis. Enzymatic pathways result in the formation of several different lipid mediators, which are known to have important roles in many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Several studies now suggest that these sphingolipid mediators, including ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are likely to have an integral role in in?ammation. This can involve, for example, activation of pro-in?ammatory transcription factors in different cell types and induction of cyclooxygenase-2, leading to production of pro-in?ammatory prostaglandins. The mode of action of each sphingolipid is different. Increased ceramide production leads to the formation of ceramide-rich areas of the membrane, which may assemble signalling complexes, whereas S1P acts via high-af?nity G-protein-coupled S1P receptors on the plasma membrane. Recent studies have demonstrated that in vitro effects of sphingolipids on in?ammation can translate into in vivo models. This review will highlight the areas of research where sphingolipids are involved in in?ammation and the mechanisms of action of each mediator. In addition, the therapeutic potential of drugs that alter sphingolipid actions will be examined with reference to disease states, such as asthma and in?ammatory bowel disease, which involve important in?ammatory components. A signi?cant body of research now indicates that sphingolipids are intimately involved in the in?ammatory process and recent studies have demonstrated that these lipids, together with associated enzymes and receptors, can provide effective drug targets for the treatment of pathological in?ammation.

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