Tradition and Ideology in Contemporary Sunnite Qur'ānic Exegesis: Qur'ānic Commentaries from the Arab World, Turkey and Indonesia and their Interpretation of Q 5:51

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Pink
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Direct Reference ◽  
Faculty Position ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Hostile Attitude ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper analyses the genre of contemporary tafsīr, focussing on the attitude of modern Sunnite exegetes towards Jews and Christians, on the role of different strands of tradition and of ideological bias for their interpretion of the Qur'ān, and on the similarities and differences between Qur'ānic commentaries from different regions of the Muslim word. It is based on the study of seventeen Qur'ānic commentaries from the Arab World, Indonesia and Turkey that have been published since 1967. The analysis of the authors' background reveals that in recent times, Qur'ānic commentaries tend to be written by professional male 'ulamā' from a provincial background, usually holding a faculty position in Islamic theology. As most exegetes' aim is to stress the timeless relevance of the Qur'ān, few of the commentaries make direct reference to contemporary events. Still, many of them are, in a very modern way, more concerned with providing religious guidance than with explaining the Qur'ān's meaning. However, the “traditional” explanatory approach is still alive, predominantly in commentators who are affiliated with Egypt's Azhar University. Besides the tradition of premodern Sunnite tafsīr, which all commentaries build on to a certain extent, Salafī exegesis is clearly influential in the way in which several commentaries strive at disassociating themselves from Christians and Jews and at building up a dichotomy between “us” and “them” in their exegesis of Q 5:51, which contains an interdiction against taking Christians and Jews as awliyā' (a term that is variably understood as meaning friends, allies, intimates, confidants, helpers, or leaders). It is striking that Arab commentators, for the most part, show a much more hostile attitude towards Christians and Jews than their Indonesian and Turkish counterparts.

Wisdom in the Qur’an and the Islamic Tradition

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
U. Isra Yazicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Life After Death ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Existential Choice ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
Said Nursi

Wisdom is a crucial qur’anic concept that has been discussed in richly variegated ways in the Islamic tradition, including in qur’anic exegesis, Islamic theology and philosophy, Islamic law, and Islamic spirituality. This article offers a general overview of the role of wisdom in the Qur’an and an interpretive presentation of its meaning, with a specific focus on a number of significant Muslim scholars and sages in classical and contemporary eras, such as al-Ghazali, Rumi, Ibn al-’Arabi, and Said Nursi. The article is organized around three questions to the qur’anic text and Muslim sources: How is wisdom a special gift from God? Why is it so precious? Why does it require a certain existential choice? The Qur’an considers wisdom as a gift from God that is linked closely with revelation. Ultimately, in the qur’anic tradition, wisdom is about understanding how the reality points to transcendent beauty, life after death, and living accordingly, in gratitude, with balance and justice.

scholarly journals The Motive of Peace in the Works of B. Pasternak and M. Bulgakov

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-770
Author(s):  
Li Fei ◽  
Maria S. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
House Music ◽  
The Master And Margarita ◽  
The Way ◽  
Master And Margarita

The concept of peace entered into Russian culture from the Bible and became its important spiritual tradition. With the development of secular literature, peace has gradually come out of the sacred field and become the significant aesthetic concept rich in connotation. In their works, Pasternak and Bulgakov reflect on the peace in the field of existence and art, especially the ontological value of family and love, thoughts about history, death and creativity. The concept of memory plays an important role in the artistic world of the two writers. Bulgakovs and Pasternaks books are testimony to rebirth and immortality, which is the way they participate in the sacred cause. The paper analyzes the place and role of the motive of peace in the novels of B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago and M. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita in their similarities and differences. In this regard, the images of the house, music, creativity as the focus of the artists world are compared, the typological related figures of the beloved muse and the savior are considered, the specificity of the disclosure of the theme of immortality in creativity is noted.

scholarly journals Stalin’s and Mao’s Famines: Similarities and Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Andrea Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Violence ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Peasant Resistance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This essay addresses the similarities and differences between the cluster of Soviet famines in 1931-33 and the great Chinese famine of 1958-1962. The similarities include: Ideology; planning; the dynamics of the famines; the relationship among harvest, state procurements and peasant behaviour; the role of local cadres; life and death in the villages; the situation in the cities vis-à-vis the countryside, and the production of an official lie for the outside world. Differences involve the following: Dekulakization; peasant resistance and anti-peasant mass violence; communes versus sovkhozes and kolkhozes; common mess halls; small peasant holdings; famine and nationality; mortality peaks; the role of the party and that of Mao versus Stalin’s; the way out of the crises, and the legacies of these two famines; memory; sources and historiography.

scholarly journals Opening Black Boxes Is Not Enough – Data-based Surveillance In Discipline and Punish And Today

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

Discipline and Punish analyzes the role of collecting, managing, and operationalizing data in disciplinary institutions. Foucault’s discussion is compared to contemporary forms of surveillance and security practices using algorithmic data processing. The article highlights important similarities and differences regarding the way data processing plays a part in subjectivation. This is also compared to Deleuzian accounts and Foucault’s later discussion in Security, Territory, Population. Using these results, the article argues that the prevailing focus on transparency and accountability in the discussion of algorithmic applications needs to be amended with a perspective on different forms of subjectivity and ensuing power relations.

scholarly journals Konsep Asnaf Penerima Zakat Menurut Pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qardawi dan Wahbah Al-Zuhayli

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Intan Sherly Monica ◽  
Atik Abidah
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

Abstract: This article discusses the Asnaf zakat according to contemporary scholars, namely Yusuf Al-Qardawi and Wahbah Al-Zuhayli. This work aims to explain the similarities and differences in the thoughts of the two figures regarding asnaf zakat. The method used is library research by examining the books of the two figures, namely Fiqhuz Zakat and Islamic Fiqh wa Adilatuhu. It can be concluded that the thoughts of Yusuf Al-Qardawi and Wahbah Al Zuhayli on the eight groups of zakat recipients are not much different. It's just that there is a slight difference that is most significant in the fi sabilillah group where Yusuf Al Qardawi argues that this group is extended to the meaning of fighting in the way of Allah such as charity for the public interest, this is in accordance with the opinion of some scholars who expand the meaning of fi sabilillah. Meanwhile, according to Wahbah Al-Zuhayli the meaning of fi sabilillah is soldiers who fight but are not paid by the state, this is in accordance with Q.S ash-Shaff: 4. And from their opinion, Yu>suf Al Qard{awi's thoughts are the most relevant to the condition of the Indonesian state. The istinbath method used by the two figures is dominant in ijma'. And what influenced his thinking the most was the role of the teacher and the social conditions of the two figures.

Anthropomorphism in Islam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livnat Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Road ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Way

More than any other issue in early and medieval Islamic theology, anthropomorphism (tashbīh) stood at the heart of many theological debates. These debates were not purely intellectual; they were intrinsically linked to political struggles over hegemony. The way a scholar interpreted the anthropomorphic descriptions of God in the Qur’an and the Hadith (for instance, God’s hand, God’s laughter or God’s sitting on the heavenly throne) often reflected his political and social stature, and his theological affinity. This book focuses on aḥādīth al-ṣifāt – the traditions that depict God and His attributes in an anthropomorphic language. The book reveals the way these traditions were studied and interpreted in the circles of Islamic traditionalism which included ultra-traditionalists (the Hanbalites and their forerunners) and middle-of-the-road traditionalists (Ash’arites and their forerunners). The book presents an in-depth literary analysis of aḥādīth al-ṣifāt while considering the role of the early scholars of Hadith in shaping the narrative of these anthropomorphic texts. The book also offers the first scholarly and systematic presentation of hand, face, and bodily gestures that the scholars performed while transmitting the anthropomorphic traditions. The book goes on to discuss the inner controversies in the prominent traditionalistic learning centres of the Islamic world regarding the way to understand and interpret these anthropomorphic traditions. Through a close, contextualized, and interdisciplinary reading in Hadith compilations, theological treatises, and historical sources, this book offers an evaluation and understanding of the traditionalistic endeavours to define anthropomorphism in the most crucial and indeed most formative period of Islamic thought.

Tradition, Authority and Innovation in Contemporary Sunnī tafsīr: Towards a Typology of Qur'an Commentaries from the Arab World, Indonesia and Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 56-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Pink
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Qur'an Commentaries ◽  
Academic Theology ◽  
Male Academic ◽  
The Way ◽  
Innovative Approaches

This paper discusses a sample of eleven extensive works of tafsīr – in the narrow sense of the word, i.e. tafsīr musalsal – written by Sunnī authors from Egypt, Syria, Indonesia and Turkey between 1967 and 2004. For the purpose of analysis, it proposes a basic typology based on the author(s) and style of the respective commentaries, differentiating between ‘scholars’ commentaries', ‘institutional commentaries’ and ‘popularising commentaries’. It goes on to examine the way in which they make use of exegetical authorities and traditions in their discussion of two particular exegetical problems found in Q 9:111–12. The results allow for the introduction of additional analytic categories based on the authors' aims and underlying attitudes. Building on these, the paper points to regional tendencies within contemporary Qur'anic exegesis and argues that regional differences can, to a large extent, be explained by differences in the structure and curricula of academic theology within the Islamic World. In general, it concludes that the genre of tafsīr tends to be a domain of male academic theologians and a relatively conservative field; boldly innovative approaches to the interpretation of the Qur'an are more frequently found in other exegetical genres.

MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

The adaptation of design thinking in auditing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda MEIJER-WASSENAAR ◽  
Diny VAN EST
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document