Controversy and Collegiality: A Look at Provence

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lasker

Gad Freudenthal and I disagree as to the relationship between Jewish anti-Christian polemics and philosophy in the cultural transfer of Andalusian rationalism to Provence. Freudenthal believes that the Jewish need to confront Christianity was one of the factors that led Provençal Jewry to adopt philosophical reasoning that theretofore had been foreign to them. I have argued that Iberian Jewish immigrants to Provence sought out Christian colleagues because of the latter’s interest in philosophy; in order to make sure the boundaries between the religions were maintained, these Jewish intellectuals were motivated to polemicize against Christianity. A central example of our disagreement is the case of Jacob ben Reuben, author of Wars of the Lord (1170), who describes his encounters with a Christian sage who tried to convert him. Freudenthal believes that Jacob learned philosophy in order to find answers to the Christian; but I contend that from Jacob’s description, it is obvious that he had first gone to the Christian’s house to learn philosophy before he was urged by his teacher to convert. Unlike Freudenthal who believes polemics led to philosophy, I argue that philosophy led to polemics.

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-233
Author(s):  
Paola Ferruta

AbstractThe relationship between the religious political group of the Saint-Simonians and the German movement for political reform around 1830 has already been amply investigated. Significantly less explored is the Jewish aspect of this connection. The article focuses on the significance of the participation of the Jewish members of the Saint-Simonian movement and the cultural transfer initiated by them with German Jewish intellectuals and political activists such as Gabriel Riesser.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Jeremy Stolow

This article focuses on the relationship of aesthetics and ascetics with regard to the publication and popular reception of Kosher By Design, a cookbook published by a major American Jewish Orthodox press, ArtScroll Publications. The article analyses the ideological, rhetorical, discursive, and iconographic modes of address embedded within this text, treating them as instances of popular religion, and also as elements of a project in and through which the Orthodox Jewish intellectuals associated with ArtScroll seek to assert new forms of religious authority, in the context of a broader culture of “kosher consumerism,” to which this text is directed. The article ends by highlighting the paradoxical character of this form of “post-scripture,” in which books like Kosher By Design, and by extension other ArtScroll texts—including their popular prayer-books—are caught between competing demands of popularity and authority, art and asceticism, and religious stringency and bourgeois living.


Author(s):  
Emma Lo

The influence and spread of traditional Balinese music over time and across regions has been conducted through a number of different channels. In addition to locally-focused efforts, cultural transfer has also contributed to the preservation of traditional Balinese arts. From the self-interested, strategic support of gamelan music by Japanese occupational forces to the global experimental music scene today, Balinese arts have been shared, supported, translated, and appropriated in various ways by a number of different actors to political, artistic, and commercial ends. Building on Michel Espagne’s definition of cultural transfer and Stephen Greenblatt’s concept of cultural mobility, this paper aims to outline different modes of cultural transfer (or “bridges,” as Espagne would say), with explicit attention to power dynamics and multi-way flows of influence. Several key historical and contemporary examples of the transfer of traditional Balinese music will be discussed in an effort to better understand the relationship between cultural transfer and preservation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-311
Author(s):  
Alan T Levenson

Abstract A reassessment of Maurice Samuel (1895–1972), author, translator, polemicist, and Zionist is long overdue. One of the most productive and durable of the group dubbed by historian Carole Kessner as The “Other” New York Jewish Intellectuals, Samuel may be characterized as a public intellectual who was content with making his marks in primarily Jewish contexts and without the anxieties of alienation characteristic of his more celebrated contemporaries. This essay addresses the role he played in conveying works from German, French, Hebrew, and Yiddish to an American audience. Four particular tensions receive attention: (1) the interplay between author and translator; (2) the relationship of a multilingual translator to the various source languages; (3) the inadequacy of the term translation for describing Samuel’s agenda; and (4) the reception of his pivotal works on the Yiddish authors Sholom Asch, Sholom Aleichem, and Y.L. Peretz. Samuel’s contributions invite reconsideration of our assumptions about the means and ends of cultural transmission in a modern context. I argue that Samuel’s works merit a better reputation, and that he has earned a place as one of twentieth-century American Jewry’s cultural heroes.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Likhovski

This essay on Mitra Sharafi's Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947 (2014) focuses on the relationship between certain minorities and the law of the state. It seeks to expand the discussion found in Sharafi's book in three directions: first, by comparing the attitude of Parsis in South Asia to the law of the state with the attitude of German Jewish immigrants in mandatory Palestine and Israel to state law; second, by asking whether the Parsis' embracing of state law was linked to their economic success; and, finally, by pointing to the nature of law itself as a “minority discourse.”


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Vasilyeva Galina М. ◽  

Appealing to the problem is associated with updating the concept of “world literature” in Western science. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a diachronic and synchronous description of the I. Goethe’s tragedy translations in the context of the comparative literature achievements. The history of translation takes on a continual dimension. In studying the translation’s internal morphological structure by the classic, they highlight the existential potential inherent in it, the revitalization of the text. The purpose of the study is reception and filiation of Goethe’s ideas towards translation, which underlies cultural continuity. The goal has predetermined the tasks: to analyze Goethe’s introspective interpretation of the concept of “status of a translator” with a projection onto the reader, to consider the poetic idiolect and sociocultural foundations of tragedy translation. The cultural transfer method is used to analyze changes in translation as a receiving work; the hermeneutic method with elements of the thesaurus and phenomenological approaches helps to understand the archetypes that maintain stability. The tragedy translation strategies in the context of Goethe’s etalon and “expert” ideas about translation are explored in the article. Goethe acknowledged that we translate every text into another language – approximately or precisely. In translation, the original not only reproduces itself, but also “grows”. He considered the translation, the reconstruction of the work system in another language, regeneration, amplification. Goethe examined a number of cultural, historical translation issues. The relationship between translatable and untranslated is especially fragile due to the spontaneity of Goethe, the artist and the thinker. As a result, the text does not sound like an eternity-oriented poetic act, but in inimitably private, like the statement “here and now”. Goethe called the prose text of the poetic work “the initiator of hunger”: it encourages the reader to study the original. Interlinear, an extensive path from phrase to phrase without omissions, implies academic accuracy and is a kind of semantic standard. Goethe leads in different scenes the same lines (semantic axioms), highlights words with “diminutive” semantics. Many statements are based on the rules of paroemia. Languages that are not within the same cultural range provide examples of expressive discrepancies. The approach of the most Russian translators can be called an assimilating strategy.


Babel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Ke Wen-Li

Abstract This paper attempts to approach the relationship between culture and idiomaticity in translation. Beginning with a brief discussion on cultural as well as linguistic untranslatability, the paper divides into three parts and probes three cases in which different degrees of idiomaticity are achieved. In Part 1, the author cites an example from The Story of the Stone, an English version of the Chinese classical novel of manners Hong Lou Meng, translated by the British sinologist David Hawkes, to show that it is the most desirable when both idiomaticity and cultural transfer in translation are achieved. In Part II, the author employs Grice's conversational co-operative principle to prove that the seemingly faithful examples of translation do not conform to English language usage and therefore are not idiomatic translations. The author believes that it is possible and necessary to make some alterations in shifting the expression in order to achieve idiomaticity so long as there is no loss or distortion in meaning and cultural value. In Part III, the author points out that when what is to be translated is strongly culturally loaded, the translator would most likely risk shipwreck on one of the two rocks: either at the cost of the original cultural connotations and associations in order to translate idiomatically; or at the cost of idiomaticity in order to convey the cultural content and flavour. The author believes that in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding, an attitude of cultural awareness in translation is preferable, even if at the expense of idiomaticity. Cultural transfer and idiomaticity in translation may perhaps be deemed to be unitary and contradictory. It is this contradiction that makes translation bristle with problems and difficulties. The translator will have to make a compromise in carefully weighing gain and loss. The paper also attempts to explain why the greatest difficulty lies in the difference of two cultures. Résumé Dans cet article, l'auteur tente d'étudier les rapports entre les aspects culturels et idiomatiques de la traduction. Dans l'introduction, il aborde brièvement le débat sur l'aspect d'intraduisibilité tant culturelle que linguistique. Ensuite, dans les trois parties de l'article, il examine trois cas présentant des niveaux idiomatiques différents. Dans la première partie, l'auteur cite un exemple emprunté à The Story of the Stone — une version anglaise du roman chinois classique Hong Lou Meng traduit par le sinologue britannique David Hawkes — pour démontrer que la traduction est optimale lorsqu'elle parvient à accomplir le transfert et des idiomes et de la culture. Dans la deuxième partie, l'auteur utilise le principe de la coopération conversationnelle de Grice pour démontrer que des traductions faisant preuve d'une apparente fidélité ne sont pas conformes au bon usage de la langue anglaise et qu'elles ne sont pas, dès lors, des traductions idiomatiques. L'auteur estime qu'il est possible, voire même nécessaire, d'opérer un certain décalage au niveau du mode d'expression en vue d'obtenir un langage idiomatique qui n'entraîne pas pour autant une perte ou une déformation de la signification et de la valeur culturelle. Dans la troisième partie, l'auteur fait remarquer que lorsque le message à traduire s'inscrit dans un contexte très culturel, le traducteur est confronté à une dilemme: soit être fidèle à l'aspect idiomatique de la langue d'arrivée mais au détriment des connotations et associations culturelles d'origine, soit rendre le contenu culturel et la saveur qui en est indissociable , mais au détriment de l'aspect idiomatique. L'auteur estime que pour éviter la confusion et les malentendus, le traducteur a intérêt à opter pour une attitude faisant preuve de sensibilité culturelle, même au détriment de l'aspect idiomatique. En matière de traduction, le transfert culturel et l'aspect idiomatique sont probablement voués à s'unir ou être contradictoires, et c'est précisément cette contradiction, avec ses problèmes et ses difficultés, qui fragilise la traduction. Le traducteur sera contraint de faire un compromis et d'équilibrer autant que possible les pertes et les profits. Dans cet article, l'auteur tente aussi d'expliquer que c'est la différence entre deux cultures qui constitue la plus grande difficulté de la traduction.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 25-71
Author(s):  
Gad Freudenthal

Jacob ben Reuben’s Sefer Milḥamot ha-Shem (Wars of the Lord) of 1170 is the earliest Hebrew work of Christian-Jewish religious polemics that draws heavily on philosophy. Its geographical and intellectual contexts have been much debated, with significant implications for our understanding of the dynamics of Jewish intellectual life in Provence in the second half of the twelfth century, specifically the rapid acceptance there of rationalist philosophy and science and the associated rise of the Arabic-into-Hebrew translation movement. This paper offers new perspectives on the old questions. I lay to rest the claim that Jacob hailed from al-Andalus or sojourned in Huesca and submit that his place of “exile,” where he studied with a priest, should be identified as the locality Mourède, in Gascony (110 km west of Toulouse). I further demonstrate that Jacob had access to Hebrew sources only, as all Provençal Jewish intellectuals. Analyzing the genesis and development of the Wars of the Lord, I show that the discussions with his Christian mentor created in Jacob a need for the study of philosophy, needed to buttress his positions. I suggest that this pattern was recurrent, and that philosophically grounded religious polemics contributed to the Provençal interest in absorbing religious philosophy from the Andalusian immigrants who arrived in Provence in the 1150s. Jacob’s intellectual itinerary thus sheds light on the rapid acceptance of Greco-Arabic rationalist philosophy by Jews in Provence and on the resultant profound change of spiritual mentalité. The proposed account also identifies a causal relationship between the cultural change within Judaism and the Twelfth-Century Renaissance in gentile society and explains why they were contemporaneous. I lastly offer the hypothesis that Jacob ben Reuben, who composed his account of the exchanges with the priest after the event, may then have had contacts to the circle around Joseph Qimḥi in Narbonne. Last but not least, I insist that Jacob ben Reuben’s relatively slim Milḥamot ha-Shem is a rich multi-dimensional text that still calls for much research.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document