Problem behaviour of black bears (Ursus americanus) in central Ontario: the effects of hunting and natural food availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hamr ◽  
Jesse N. Popp ◽  
Dorthy L. Brown ◽  
Frank F. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Activity Indices

Problem bear behaviour in residential areas often results in human anxiety and potential injury, bear mortality and demographic instability. Identifying and understanding factors related to problem bear activity and encounters is important for developing successful management strategies. Indices of natural bear forage availability and hunting pressure were related to problem bear activity in central Ontario. Data were collected 5 years before and 5 years after the cancellation of a spring bear hunt, providing a unique opportunity to study the effect of management policy on problem behaviour. Problem bear activity indices increased significantly following the closure of the spring hunt. Natural food availability from the previous year was found to be highly correlated with early season problem bear activity indices; however, natural food availability during the same year was not significantly related to early or late season problem activity rates. This demonstrates that multiple potential causal agents of problem bear behaviour need to be considered when developing management strategies.

scholarly journals Understanding foraging flexibility in urban vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, for the benefit of human-wildlife coexistence

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet R. Thatcher ◽  
Colleen T. Downs ◽  
Nicola F. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Chlorocebus Pygerythrus ◽  
Anthropogenic Food

Abstract Generalist wildlife species often thrive in urban environments because of increased anthropogenic resources. However, human-wildlife interactions, especially if negative, raise concerns for urban wildlife management. An enhanced understanding of wildlife behavioural flexibility has been suggested to be a key tool to provide educated and effective management strategies. We therefore investigated how availability of semi-naturally occurring food affected behavioural foraging patterns of urban vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), a generalist primate commonly found in urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Over one year, we conducted 20 min. focal animal observations recording foraging behaviour and food consumption. We used a combination of a generalised linear model and descriptive statistics to examine the relationship between anthropogenic food consumption and semi-natural food availability. Our analyses showed that anthropogenic food consumption decreased as semi-natural food availability increased. We also showed that increased aggression from humans towards vervet monkeys decreased time spent foraging on anthropogenic food. Our study highlights how vervet monkeys have adapted to their urban landscape, showing foraging flexibility in response to available food resources and the frequency of human interactions. We suggest how our results can be applied for management recommendations, particularly controlling anthropogenic food availability and decreasing negative human-wildlife interactions.

scholarly journals Controlling a Multicenter Outbreak Involving the New York/Japan Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusClone

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Coombs ◽  
H. Van Gessel ◽  
J. C. Pearson ◽  
M.-R. Godsell ◽  
F. G. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Objective.To describe the control of an outbreak of infection and colonization with the New York/Japan methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) clone in multiple healthcare facilities, and to demonstrate the importance of making an MRSA management policy involving molecular typing of MRSA into a statewide public health responsibility.Setting.A range of healthcare facilities, including 2 metropolitan teaching hospitals and a regional hospital, as well as several community hospitals and long-term care facilities in a nonmetropolitan healthcare region.Interventions.A comprehensive, statewide MRSA epidemiological investigation and management policy.Results.In May 2005, there were 3 isolates referred to the Western Australian Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit that were identified as the New York/Japan MRSA clone, a pandemic MRSA clone with the ability to spread and replace existing clones in a region. Subsequent investigation identified 28 additional cases of infection and/or colonization dating from 2002 onward, including 1 involving a colonized healthcare worker (HCW) who had previously been hospitalized overseas. Of the 31 isolates detected, 25 were linked epidemiologically and via molecular typing to the isolate recovered from the colonized HCW. Four isolates appeared to have been introduced separately from overseas. Although the isolate from the single remaining case patient was genetically indistinct from the isolates that spread within Western Australia, no specific epidemiological link could be established. The application of standard outbreak management strategies reduced further spread.Conclusions.The elimination of the New/York Japan MRSA clone in a healthcare region demonstrates the importance of incorporating MRSA management policy into statewide public health programs. The mainstays of such programs should include a comprehensive and effective outbreak identification and management policy (including pre-employment screening of HCWs, where applicable) and MRSA clone identification by multilocus sequence typing.

scholarly journals Behavioural Indicators of Intra- and Inter-Specific Competition: Sheep Co-Grazing with Guanaco in the Patagonian Steppe

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3333
Author(s):  
Tomás Fernández ◽  
Alex Lancaster ◽  
Claudio A. Moraga ◽  
Sergio Radic-Schilling ◽  
Achaz von Hardenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Potential Competitor ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

In extensive livestock production, high densities may inhibit regulation processes, maintaining high levels of intraspecific competition over time. During competition, individuals typically modify their behaviours, particularly feeding and bite rates, which can therefore be used as indicators of competition. Over eight consecutive seasons, we investigated if variation in herd density, food availability, and the presence of a potential competitor, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), was related with behavioural changes in domestic sheep in Chilean Patagonia. Focal sampling, instantaneous scan sampling, measures of bite and movement rates were used to quantify behavioural changes in domestic sheep. We found that food availability increased time spent feeding, while herd density was associated with an increase in vigilant behaviour and a decrease in bite rate, but only when food availability was low. Guanaco presence appeared to have no impact on sheep behaviour. Our results suggest that the observed behavioural changes in domestic sheep are more likely due to intraspecific competition rather than interspecific competition. Consideration of intraspecific competition where guanaco and sheep co-graze on pastures could allow management strategies to focus on herd density, according to rangeland carrying capacity.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND HOTELS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN TOURISM REGION OF UBUD BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
I Wayan Adiputra Gunawan ◽  
Made Sudiana Mahendra ◽  
I Wayan Diara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT PERFORMANCE AND HOTELS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN TOURISM REGION OF UBUD BALI The aim of this research was to know performance and formulate waste management strategies by star hotels in Ubud Tourism Region. Based on the result of the research, there were 2 hotels (14,28%) with very good classification, 6 hotel (42,86%) with good classification, 3 hotel (21,43%) with moderate classification and 3 hotels (21.43%) with poor classification. The strategy formulated to improve the effectiveness of hotels waste management especially for those for moderate and poor was by conducting analysis of internal factors (IFAS) and external factors (EFAS) which then analyzed with SWOT matrix. Based on the result of SWOT analysis using balance score card, it was found that the star hotel waste management condition which was in moderate category and poor was in quadrant III. This condition indicated that the strategy formulated in the combination of weakneas and opportunities. The formulation of strategy based on SWOT Analysis matrix were as follows: (1) Developing SOP of waste management by referring to the legislation in the environmental; (2) Improving and adding components of waste treatment facilities (WWTP, chimneys, and hazardous waste storage to meet technical standards; (3) Socializing waste management policy to all hotel employees; (4) Apply to the government waste management training for staff / human resources engineering division; and (5) Reporting the performance of the waste management system to the Gianyar Regency Environmental Office every 3 months. Keywords : Performance; Waste, Management Strategy, IFAS, EFAS, and SWOT Analysis

Forest Conservation Genetics

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Young ◽  
David Boshier ◽  
Timothy Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Logical Sequence

Forest management must be sustainable not only in ecological, economic and social, but also genetic terms. Many forest managers are advocating and developing management strategies that give priority to conserving genetic diversity within production systems, or that recognise the importance of genetic considerations in achieving sustainable management. Forest Conservation Genetics draws together much previously uncollected information relevant to managing and conserving forests. The content emphasises the importance of conserving genetic diversity in achieving sustainable management. Each chapter is written by a leading expert and has been peer reviewed. Readers without a background in genetics will find the logical sequence of topics allows easy understanding of the principles involved and how those principles may impact on day-to-day forest planning and management decisions. The book is primarily aimed at undergraduate students of biology, ecology, forestry, and graduate students of forest genetics, resource management policy and/or conservation biology. It will prove useful for those teaching courses in these fields and as such help to increase the awareness of genetic factors in conservation and sustainable management, in both temperate and tropical regions.

Examining Safety on Two-Lane and Multilane Highways in Consideration of Access Spacing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (11) ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Raha Hamzeie ◽  
Megat-Usamah Megat-Johari ◽  
Iftin Thompson ◽  
Timothy P. Barrette ◽  
Trevor Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Crash Rates

Access management strategies, such as the introduction of minimum access point spacing criteria and turning movement restrictions, have been shown to be important elements in optimizing the operational and safety performance of roadway segments. The relationship between safety and these types of access policies is a complex issue, and the impacts of such features on traffic crashes is critical to the development of appropriate access management strategies. The purpose of this study was to provide a quantitative evaluation of how crash risk on multilane and two-lane highways varies with respect to access spacing in support of the development of a revised access management policy. Data were obtained for approximately 1,247 and 5,795 mi of segments across multilane and two-lane highways, respectively. Crash data were obtained for a five-year period from 2012 to 2016 and a series of random effect negative binomial regression models were estimated for each facility to examine the association between crash frequency, access point spacing, and traffic volume. For both facility types, crashes were found to increase consistently as the average spacing of access points along road segments decreased. Crash rates were highest when consecutive accesses were within 150 ft of one another and the frequency of crashes decreased substantively as spacing was increased to 300 ft and, particularly, 600 ft. With spacing beyond 600 ft, crash rates continued to decrease, although these improvements were less pronounced than at the lower range of values. These findings were generally consistent on multilane and two-lane highways.

scholarly journals Effects of policy change on wildland fire management strategies: evidence for a paradigm shift in the western US?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Young ◽  
Alexander M. Evans ◽  
Jose M. Iniguez ◽  
Andrea Thode ◽  
Marc D. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Management ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Strategic Options ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Wildland Fire Management

In 2009, new guidance for wildland fire management in the United States expanded the range of strategic options for managers working to reduce the threat of high-severity wildland fire, improve forest health and respond to a changing climate. Markedly, the new guidance provided greater flexibility to manage wildland fires to meet multiple resource objectives. We use Incident Status Summary reports to understand how wildland fire management strategies have differed across the western US in recent years and how management has changed since the 2009 Guidance for Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy. When controlling for confounding variation, we found the 2009 Policy Guidance along with other concurrent advances in fire management motivated an estimated 27 to 73% increase in the number of fires managed with expanded strategic options, with only limited evidence of an increase in size or annual area burned. Fire weather captured a manager’s intent and allocation of fire management resources relative to burning conditions, where a manager’s desire and ability to suppress is either complemented by fire weather, at odds with fire weather, or put aside due to other priorities. We highlight opportunities to expand the use of strategic options in fire-adapted forests to improve fuel heterogeneity.

Management Strategies for the Lower Seyhan Catchment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin K. Onur ◽  
Elif Ekemen ◽  
Selçuk Soyupak ◽  
Coşkun Yurteri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Optimum Management ◽  
Seyhan Dam

The Seyhan river has a total catchment area of 20,731 km2 with major pollution sources located downstream of the Seyhan Dam in Adana. The so-called Lower Seyhan, is under the threat of not only domestic and industrial wastewater discharges originating from the metropolitan area of Adana, but also agricultural wastes of the fertile Çukurova Plain. In this study, the present and future water quality characteristics of the Lower Seyhan have been investigated by means of a mathematical modelling study based on actual field data as well as in-situ water quality measurements. The model of choice was the QUAL2EU. The behaviour of the Lower Seyhan was studied under different pollution control scenarios in order to develop plausible water quality management strategies for the target year of 2010. As a result of these studies, two alternative systems were proposed for the management of the wastewater sources within the Lower Seyhan catchment. Alternative wastewater treatment plant designs and their cost implications were evaluated by means of the CAPDET-PC software package. A user-charging scheme and an optimisation model that can be used for demonstrating the economic viability of the proposed systems were also developed for obtaining a cost-optimum management policy for both municipalities and industrial establishments of the area.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM: A CONSIDERATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BY LOCAL USER AT BAROS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Mochammad Yenny ◽  
Boedi Hendrarto ◽  
Jafron W. Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Local User

Ecosystem management policies are complex and susceptible to social conflict because of uncertainty and many interests. The management policy without considering the mangrove ecosystem services is also believed to be one of the main factors causing the degradation of mangrove ecosystem. This research intends to formulate management strategy by considering the type of mangrove ecosystem services that is important according to the perspective of the community user. A total of 108 respondents were included in the survey. The results of PCA (Principal component analysis) showed that there were three main components formed with cumulative variance of 75,238%. The three components are physical ecological function which has the highest eigenvalue of 4,454 and 49,494% of variance, followed by tourism 14,150%, forest and fishery products 11,594%. The main components can be interpreted as a priority that can be used as the basis for management strategies. Therefore, an appropriate management strategy to be implemented based on these priorities is to harmonize the ecological functions and physical benefits of the processes that take place in the mangrove ecosystem with the use of educational based tourism.   Keywords: management strategies, ecosystem services, perspectives, community users

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