Territoriality and Violent Conflicts in Tivland

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jeremiah O. Arowosegbe
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Political Development ◽  
North Central ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Green Vegetation ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Violent Conflicts

Although ethno-territorial struggles affect the manner in which political authority is constituted and legitimised throughout the world, their impact on the trajectories of power and the state in Africa have not received the attention deserved in the literature on political development and state building. In majoritarian agrarian societies, land tenure, just like the granting of usufruct rights to water, shapes economic and political dynamics. Conflicts over land and struggles over access to the key resources of agricultural production – fertile soils, green vegetation and water – are widespread throughout Africa and are likely to intensify in the light of ongoing climate change-induced production constraints. Drawing on archival and ethnographic data on the farmer-herder conflicts between Fulani pastoralists and Tiv agriculturalists in Tivland, north-central Nigeria, over land and water resources, this study establishes how the struggles over agricultural resources, governance and political power have shaped the violent transformations in colonial and post-colonial Nigeria.

The Legend of Jump Mountain: Narrative Dispossession of the Monacan in Postcolonial Virginia

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Jay Vest
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
Native People ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
North Central ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
Indian Country

In north central Virginia there is a local tale - The Legend of Jump Mountain, which purports to explain the origins of the Hayes Creek Indian Burial Mound. A highly romantic legend, it immortalizes post colonial intertribal warfare during the early nineteenth century while ignoring the antiquity of the mound and the local descendants of its aboriginal creators. It is not at all uncommon to find such romantic tales in Indian country where the Native people have become invisible and there remain significant tribal artifacts common to the landscape. However, the standing claim to authenticity remains a matter of significant concern. In this essay, the author considers the tale's effectiveness assessing Indian origins, local history and tribal heritages, as well as the implicit stereotypes and the romantic illusion that it may generate in the popular imagination.

scholarly journals Competitive Religious Entrepreneurs: Christian Missionaries and Female Education in Colonial and Post-Colonial India

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomila Lankina ◽  
Lullit Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Economics Of Religion ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Religious Competition ◽  
Christian Missionary ◽  
British Colonial

This article explores the influence of Protestant missionaries on male–female educational inequalities in colonial India. Causal mechanisms drawn from the sociology and economics of religion highlight the importance of religious competition for the provision of public goods. Competition between religious and secular groups spurred missionaries to play a key role in the development of mass female schooling. A case study of Kerala illustrates this. The statistical analysis, with district-level datasets, covers colonial and post-colonial periods for most of India. Missionary effects are compared with those of British colonial rule, modernization, European presence, education expenditures, post-colonial democracy, Islam, caste and tribal status, and land tenure. Christian missionary activity is consistently associated with better female education outcomes in both the colonial and post-colonial periods.

scholarly journals DEMOCRACY AND GLOBALIZATION WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Global Democracy ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on how African national leaders can make global democracy relevant to sustainable development in Africa. Seeing the problem of sustainable development in Africa from the structural and functional angles, this paper begins with an introduction and a clarification of terms such as ‘democracy’, ‘globalization’ and ‘development’. It then analyzes the underlying foundations of global democracy and its implications to cultures of the African peoples. This paper tries to place the impact of global democracy on Africa in perspectives by weighing the pros and cons of global democracy. Tracing the genesis of functional and developmental problems in the post-colonial Africa to structural problems occasioned by Africa’s colonial experience, this paper however strongly contends that the main problem militating against sustainable development in the post-colonial Africa is bad politics and mismanagement of national resources. African peoples need to be taught that some of the African national leaders are responsible for the bad condition of underdevelopment in the global period because of bad political governance ranging from the inability of African leaders to calculate all the relevant factors in the making of their policies as well as failing to provide effective technologies and competent staff to deal with rigging of elections and other electoral problems in addition to corruption and mismanagement of public funds. There is no way for the African nations to survive without production of goods and services in terms of farming, agriculture and diversification of their revenue base. National leaders of the various African nations cannot avoid policies that enable the industrialization of African nations through the provision of the basic infrastructures and viable amenities for social, economic, and political development. They should however be wary of debt traps of International Monetary Fund and World Bank because borrowing nations are often given difficult conditions that often make it difficult for them to obtain the desired benefits in terms of sustainable development. The study recommends that for sustainable development to take place in Africa there is need for national leaders to embrace good political governance that places the people at the centre of development to be manifested in guileless electoral process and effective management of the resources. This paper contends that the realization of sustainable development in African nations requires moral, political, and economic integration. It concludes with perspectives for further research on the issue.

scholarly journals Sugar and Democracy in Fiji: the Material Foundations of Post-Colonial Authoritarianism 1970-2005

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keiran Barbalich
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Market Price ◽  
World Market ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Tenure System ◽  
Land Rents ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Sugar Exports

<p>Fiji became independent in 1970, and functioned for 17 years under a constitution with democratic elements, including elections. Three times since 1987, however, armed force has overthrown constitutionally elected governments. Some observers see this as a failure of the consolidation of Fijian democracy, while others acknowledge the facade of Fijian democracy. Among those who acknowledge Fiji's authoritarian institutions, conflict persists as to whether authoritarianism is the inevitable product of ethnic conflict in Fijian society, or a consequence of post-colonial institutional legacies. No movement toward democracy in Fiji is likely to succeed until we understand the material foundations underlying Fiji's authoritarian politics. This thesis argues that Fiji' authoritarian political institutions, established under colonial rule, have been sustained since independence by forces in the international economy. These forces have helped to maintain the economic, social and political dominance of a Pacific-Fijian chiefly elite over Fijian society. Specially, chiefly control of the sugar industry, Fiji's principal export, has provided chiefs with sufficient patronage resources to retain their control over Fijian society through electoral politics or, at the event of undesirable electoral outcomes, through armed opposition. Through post-colonial structures, the chiefs control the land-tenure system, and through their setting and receipt of land rents, they have been the principal beneficiaries of Fiji's sugar exports. This comparatively inefficient industry, and the social and political institutions that it rests on, have survived because Fiji, as party to the European Union's Sugar Protocol, has received two-and-a-half to three times the world market price for its sugar exports between 1975 and 2009. This thesis makes its case through close textual analysis of Fiji's three constitutions, detailed inspection of Fiji's land-tenure system, and, specifically, the accounts of the Native Land Trust Board, as well as examination of the secondary literature on Fiji's sugar industry.</p>

scholarly journals The Legal Status of Customary Land Tenure Systems and the Protection of Communal Property in Cameroon

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-126
Author(s):  
Walters Nsoh
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

The ownership and utilisation of communal property are very much tied to the modern land tenure systems of most sub-Saharan African countries, which nevertheless still rely on the customary land tenure system to operate. But how exactly do the customary land tenure systems which remain operational in many parts of Africa fit into contemporary land ownership and use structures? Drawing on a broad interpretation of (African) customary land tenure and its elements, including its communal interest element, this chapter assesses the extent to which law and practice in Cameroon are developing and protecting communal property. Using developments in the protection of collective forest rights as an example, it demonstrates the continuous difficulty in reconciling Western land law principles on the ownership and use of communal property with customary land tenure systems in post-colonial sub-Saharan African societies, and the implications this may have for the wider rule of law in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa.

“The Right-To-The-City Question” and Indigenous Urban Populations in Capital Cities in Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambe J Njoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

This paper explores the implications of state land tenure modernization and urbanization-promotion initiatives for human rights in Cameroon. The aim is to promote understanding of the implications of these initiatives for the right-to-the-city of indigenous urban residents. It is argued that the implications are more severe in politico-administrative headquarters than elsewhere in the country. Three different cities have served, at some point, as national politico-administrative headquarters in Cameroon, the study’s empirical referent. The designation of any city as a politico-administrative headquarters invariably creates a land scarcity problem in that city. The problem is aggravated for the city’s indigenous population by colonial and post-colonial planning policies. For this reason, the policies are said to be in violation of basic human rights as stipulated by the UN Declaration of Universal Human Rights as well as the African Charter.

The effects of land tenure policy on rural livelihoods and food sufficiency in the upland village of Que, North Central Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Jakobsen ◽  
Kjeld Rasmussen ◽  
Stephen Leisz ◽  
Rikke Folving ◽  
Nguyen Vinh Quang
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Food Sufficiency
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