scholarly journals The Assumptions underlying the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Their Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Aidan Hehir
Keyword(s):  
Local Control ◽  
General Public ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Witness Intimidation

Since 1999 international actors have presented Kosovo’s problems as stemming exclusively from endogenous factors that locals cannot solve. International oversight is thus as essential and benign; the ksc is the latest initiative premised on this assumption. I argue, however, that the idea that international oversight is more efficient than local control is questionable given that since 1999 international judicial mechanisms have endured corruption, witness intimidation, and political interference. Additionally, the fact that the ksc’s creation was driven by external actors has had a negative impact on its legitimacy amongst the general public within Kosovo; this will influence their response to its proceedings. Finally, I argue that those who supported the establishment of the ksc advanced a narrative that implies they were in no way culpable for the crimes committed between 1998–2000; in fact, both unmik and kfor manifestly failed in their duty to provide security in Kosovo.

scholarly journals Boon and Bane of DNA Double-Strand Breaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5171
Author(s):  
Ingo Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gene ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Chromatin Elimination ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Cell Lethality

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), interrupting the genetic information, are elicited by various environmental and endogenous factors. They bear the risk of cell lethality and, if mis-repaired, of deleterious mutation. This negative impact is contrasted by several evolutionary achievements for DSB processing that help maintaining stable inheritance (correct repair, meiotic cross-over) and even drive adaptation (immunoglobulin gene recombination), differentiation (chromatin elimination) and speciation by creating new genetic diversity via DSB mis-repair. Targeted DSBs play a role in genome editing for research, breeding and therapy purposes. Here, I survey possible causes, biological effects and evolutionary consequences of DSBs, mainly for students and outsiders.

scholarly journals TERMINOLOGY CHOICE IN GENERATIVE ACQUISITION RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Domínguez ◽  
Glyn Hicks ◽  
Roumyana Slabakova
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Incomplete Acquisition

AbstractPascual y Cabo and Rothman (2012) and Kupisch and Rothman (2018) argue against the use of termincompleteto characterize the grammars of heritage speakers, claiming that it reflects a negative evaluation of the linguistic knowledge of these bilingual speakers. We examine the reasons for and against the use of “incomplete” across acquisition contexts and argue that its use is legitimate on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Our goal is to present arguments for using the term, not to evaluate the scientific validity of incomplete acquisition over other possible accounts. Although our conclusion is that the term should not be abandoned, we advocate a position whereby researchers consider the possible negative impact of the terminology they use and how they use it. This position aims to resolve the tension between the need to prioritize scientific effectiveness and the need to avoid terminology that can be negatively misconstrued by the general public.

scholarly journals Debating China’s Energy Security

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Daojiong Zha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
External Actors

In China, debates on energy security are diverse and far beyond geopolitical analysis. Findings from the ever-expanding literature indicate two major schools of thought, namely the nationalist and globalist ones, while a pragmatic approach has been prevailing that integrates exploring domestic sources and engaging external actors when needed. The challenges of having to do whatever feasible to meet energy demands and at the same time, pursuing alternatives that reduce its negative impact on human health and environment, have led to growing pluralism in policy advocacy in China. While the two schools of thought on energy security will continue to compete against each other, the argumentative strength of each school shall be conditioned by many factors influencing China’s macro-economic fluctuations in general and energy economies in particular. The Chinese government’s energy policy-making is expected to reflect a dynamic balance between both schools.

PLATFORM LEADERSHIP OF INCUMBENT TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPERATORS: THE CASE OF BT 21ST CENTURY NETWORK (BT21CN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450015 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS EDUARDO YAMASAKI SATO
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Internationalisation Strategy ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Platform Leadership ◽  
External Actors

This paper addresses the problem of survival and growth of incumbent telecommunication operators. In particular, this paper investigates the extent to which the platform-based approach is appropriate for the internationalisation strategy (platform leadership) of incumbent telecommunications operators in the context of the transition to the Next Generation Network (NGN). It examines the case of BT in the UK, as a large-scale first mover in this transition, exploring the major transformation project BT 21st Century Network (BT21CN). The case demonstrates how the platform-based approach can be used to promote business transformation of an incumbent telecom operator in a turbulent environment. The platform architecture integrates two main features that are usually treated in different contexts and time frames in the literature: (i) the reusability of components and sub-systems (typically in the automotive industry); and (ii) the openness of the platform to external actors in order to drive innovation in the industry (typically in the ICT industry). BT21CN emerged as an industry platform, made possible by the maturation of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a "common technology" able to transport not only data, but also real time voice and video, with an acceptable quality of service (QoS). Reusability can help reducing costs and decreasing time-to-market for new products and services. However, openness of the platform to external actors has still limited impact due to the limited success of BT (and incumbent telecom operators in general) in their process of internationalisation. Thus, in the context of BT (and of potentially other incumbent telecom operators), the limitations in their process of internationalisation have a negative impact on the evolutionary dynamics of the platform-based approach.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Determining Capital Structure of Firms Listed in Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B.M. Amjath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Capital structure describes a mix of long-term debt capital and equity capital employed by a company to fund its operation and finance its assts. The objective of the study is to identify the determinants of the capital structure and examine whether each of the determinants have significant impact on capital structure. A sample of 25 beverage food and tobacco sector firms listed on Colombo Stock exchange(CSE) in Sri Lanka over the period of 2016 to 2020 were considered for the study. The independent variables such as profitability (PROR), firm size (FMSZ), tangibility (TANR) and liquidity (LIQR) and dependant variable such as long term debt ratio (LTDR), short term debt ratio (STDR) were used to measure the leverage level of the firms. The data were analysed and hypotheses were tested through regression analysis and correlation analysis by use of SPSS. Coefficient of regression used to identify the significant impact of each determinant against the endogenous factors. The investigation empirical findings reveals that firm size, tangibility and liquidity have significant negative impact on leverage level (STDR), while profitability has positive insignificant impact on leverage level (SDTR). On the other hand all four element have insignificant relationship with LTDR.

scholarly journals Ukraine’s Policy in Developing the Domestic Investment Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
T. G. Kubakh ◽  
◽  
O. S. Zhuravka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Transfer Capital

The purpose of the article is to study the main trends occurring in the investment climate of Ukraine, to analyze the main factors that have both positive and negative impact on the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the domestic economy. As a result of the analysis, Ukraine’s position in the international ratings on investment attractiveness was assessed; the main directions of capital investment were identified, and investor countries were pointed out. Priority state projects are indicated, which are to increase the level of high-quality investment resources. At the same time, significant problems were identified that need to be addressed immediately in order to prevent a slow-down in creating an attractive investment climate for foreign and domestic capital. Systematization of a number of factors allowed to emphasize the need not only to attract to the economy financial resources from other countries, but also to intensify state policy that would promote the investment of Ukrainian funds through a system of incentives, and create the rule of law. Investment plays a central part in the development of a country’s economy; it is investment that makes it possible to implement the latest technologies or innovation; or to significantly expand production capacity of a business entity; or to solve a number of social problems. At the same time, the intensification of investment activity is impossible without promoting the accumulation of domestic financial resources, through a system that would stimulate Ukrainian people to save, and through institutional investors, to transfer capital to the real sector of the economy. Prospects for further research in this area are the following: to determine the degree of the state involvement in the development of a competitive economy; to find the ways to eliminate the imbalances and exogenous and endogenous factors that have a chilling effect on the investment process in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of COVID-19 Dynamics

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Taye Samuel Faniran ◽  
Leontine Nkague Nkamba ◽  
Thomas Timothee Manga
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Public ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Underlying Diseases

COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease which has spread across the world. A deterministic model that considers an important component of individuals with vertically transmitted underlying diseases (high-risk susceptible individuals), rather than the general public, is formulated in this paper. We also consider key parameters that are concerned with the disease. An epidemiological threshold, R0, is computed using next-generation matrix approach. This is used to establish the existence and global stability of equilibria. We identify the most sensitive parameters which effectively contribute to change the disease dynamics with the help of sensitivity analysis. Our results reveal that increasing contact tracing of the exposed individuals who are tested for COVID-19 and hospitalizing them, largely has a negative impact on R0. Results further reveal that transmission rate between low-risk/high-risk susceptible individuals and symptomatic infectious individuals β and incubation rate of the exposed individuals σ have positive impact on R0. Numerical simulations show that there are fewer high-risk susceptible individuals than the general public when R0<1. This may be due to the fact that high-risk susceptible individuals may prove a bit more difficult to control than the low-risk susceptible individuals as a result of inherited underlying diseases present in them. We thus conclude that high level of tracing and hospitalizing the exposed individuals, as well as adherence to standard precautions and wearing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while handling emergency cases, are needed to flatten the epidemic curve.

scholarly journals Negative impact of pretreatment anemia on local control after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for rectal cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyebin Lee ◽  
Hee Chul Park ◽  
Won Park ◽  
Doo Ho Choi ◽  
Young-Il Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

scholarly journals Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Arslan Qayyum ◽  
Aniqa Arslan ◽  
Kanwal Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Asset Holding ◽  
The Individual

Pension funds pools’ investments have an impact on its growth. These investments can be either in equity stock, bonds, deposits, or in other miscellaneous assets that can generate different results with the involvement of some endogenous factors such as rate of return, inflation etc. To bring out the core investment factors determining pension fund growth, a stepwise regression technique was used on a dynamic panel data model. Moreover, to check the individual significance of the included variables in the model progressively, R2-change was observed. This study has found that the investment factors behave positively in high growth-oriented OECD economies and have a negative impact in low growth-oriented countries. Moreover, pension funds growth is slower due to market volatility in low-growth oriented economies. The study helps to know the utilization or investment factors that support the large asset-holding of financial-sector of OECD economies.

Waldsterben in Neumexiko: Wie erklären wir dies unseren Kindern? (Essay)

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (11) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Michèle Kaennel Dobbertin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
General Public ◽  
Forest Decline ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
The Media ◽  
Looking Back

Forest decline in New Mexico: what shall we tell the kids? (Essay) Climate change-related drought and higher temperatures may directly or indirectly cause forests to die or to be replaced by another vegetation type. As suggested, among others, by two international scientific articles published in 2010 and 2012, the magnitude of these phenomena may be greater than expected. No matter how relevant these studies are, their potential negative impact on the general public should not be underestimated, in particular if the media overstate or distort the scientists' conclusions. Looking back at the forest decline debate of the 1990s and based on discussions with an American forest ecologist, this article offers positive approaches to communicate to the general public an environmental issue to be taken seriously.

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