Fortune and Fairness in Global Economic Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-290
Author(s):  
Aaron James
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Luck Egalitarianism ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
The Difference

This paper develops John Rawls’s famous objection to the system of natural liberty as against the contemporary system of international trade. Even as “dynamic” policies have proven successful in several recent development success stories, the current system enforces a “static,” laissez-faire system of comparative advantage that threatens to consign poorly-endowed countries to a low-productivity, low-income destiny in agriculture and raw materials. I discuss two very different fairness arguments in favor of allowing and encouraging “dynamic,” pro-development polices: an argument from “structural equity” and an argument from “equity of fortune.” I suggest that the former is of more central importance, and that the difference between the two kinds of fairness argument shows why Rawls’s original objection to the (domestic) system of natural liberty does not imply “luck egalitarianism.”

scholarly journals The Impact Analysis Of Stock Reminder Of Goods To Quality Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Anita Bawaiqki Wandanaya ◽  
Dea Rahmasary
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Business World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

In the development of technology today especially on the needs of information in the business world becomes very important in determining the progress of a company. Where good activity in a company or technology is very determined by the information available. In an enterprise data collection system The current running goods are still using Microsoft Excel to log out and go in goods. The current system still has many shortcomings and disadvantages such as requiring a long time to know the quantity of goods stock because the warehouse admin has to calculate directly the amount of physical stock, the occurrence of the difference The number of goods request with the expenditure of goods due to error calculation by warehouse admin, it takes a long time to make the report of raw material request and expense, causing the company's performance and quality to be Hampered. Based on the problem, it needs a reminder to help the staff admin of the stock to manage the demand and expenditure of raw materials to avoid the difference in stock raw materials.   Keywords: Inventory, Company, Reminder.

scholarly journals Winners and Losers from China's Ascension in International Trade: a Structural Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Joao Paulo Pessoa ◽  
Francisco Costa
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
The World

<pre>This paper employs a unified theoretical framework to estimate the effect of changes within </pre><pre>China on the Brazilian and World's economy. </pre><pre>Based on the <span>Ricardian</span> model of trade of <span>Costinot</span> et al. (2012), we perform </pre><pre><span>counterfactuals</span> exercises to <span>analyze</span> how industries in Brazil would have performed </pre><pre>in the absence of the Chinese ascension. We discuss two main <span>counterfactual</span> exercises. </pre><pre>First, we model productivity growth in China as the main lever by which Chinese supply and demand conditions evolve and affect economies worldwide. </pre><pre>Second, we study how changes in composition of Chinese demand (taste) affects trade </pre><pre>flows around the world. The two <span>counterfactual</span> exercises together suggest that changes </pre><pre>in China's comparative advantage hampered manufacturing sectors abroad, in particular </pre><pre><span>labor</span>-intensive Brazilian manufacture producers. We find no support for the idea of a China </pre><pre>taste shock driving demand towards raw materials. Our model suggests that if China </pre><pre>triggered a commodity boom in the world, or at least in Brazil, this was driven mostly by </pre><pre>increased income in China. And any changes in China's tastes over products contributed to </pre><pre>moderate such boom. Specifically, our model indicates that the boom of <span>soybeans</span> </pre><pre>cultivation in Brazil is due to changes in Brazilian comparative advantage paired with </pre><pre>a level increase in demand for this product within China.</pre>

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Trade and Spatial Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Sirimal Abeyratne ◽  
N. S. Cooray
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Spatial Growth

Comparative advantage is based on ‘locational factors’ so that trade leads to growth and its spatial concentration. Until recently, the nexus between trade and spatial growth received little space within trade analyses though it did not appear to be a missing link in initial contributions to trade theory. The reshaping of the global economy with greater integration has called for analyses of trade and spatial growth. This article examines theoretical premises of the link between international trade and spatial growth, and the implications of reshaping of the global economy for the study of spatial growth within trade theory.

Synthesis of Polyurethane Dendrimers and Transfer Properties of Dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Jing Ru Jia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Addition Polymerization ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transfer Properties

The polyfunctional organic compounds 2- hydroxymethyl -1,4- butanediol (trihydric alcohol) and toluene diisocyanate -2, 4- diisocyanate (TDI) were taken as the raw materials in this study. A polyurethane dendrimer was synthesized by utilizing the difference in the reaction activity of two isocyanate groups of TDI at different temperatures. The polymerization process conditions were studied. The addition polymerization of para-position NCO groups occurred at 50 °C, and that of ortho NCO groups occurred at 90 °C. According to the structure of the dendrimer synthesized, methyl orange was used as the guest molecule. Consequently, the aqueous methyl orange showed a phase transfer. With the increase of dendrimer concentration, the transfer rate of methyl orange increased.

Corruption, Environmental Resources, and International Trade

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Ranjan ◽  
Baishali Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Over Exploitation

Abstract It is shown how corruption in the management of environmental resources can give rise to a comparative advantage in environment-intensive industries. International trade, in this setting, is not necessarily welfare improving. When corruption responds endogenously to the over-exploitation of resources, it is possible for international trade to generate forces that improve resource management by reducing corruption. Therefore, in this case trade could provide gains in addition to the usual gains.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Instrument on Knowledge of Food Safety, Practices, and Risk Perception Addressed to Children and Adolescents from Low-Income Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Sueny Andrade Batista ◽  
Elke Stedefeldt ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Cortes ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rules Set

In the fight against foodborne diseases, expanding access to information for different groups is needed. In this aspect, it is crucial to evaluate the target audience’s particularities. This study constructed and validated an instrument containing three questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge, practices, and risk perception of food safety by low-income students between 11 and 14 years old. The following steps were used: systematic search of the databases; conducting and analyzing focus groups; questionnaires development; and questionnaires analysis. After two judges’ rounds, the final version was reached with 11 knowledge items, 11 practice items, and five risk perception items. The content validation index values were higher than 0.80. The adopted methodology considered the students’ understanding and perceptions, as well the appropriate language to be used. Besides, it allowed the development of questionnaires that directly and straightforwardly covers the rules set by the World Health Organization for foodborne disease control called Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean; separate raw and cooked; cook thoroughly; keep food at safe temperatures; and use safe water and raw materials). Its use can result in a diagnosis for elaborating educational proposals and other actions against foodborne illness in the most vulnerable population.

Natural Polymers for Biodegradable Dressings to Save the Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
By Products ◽  
Global Water

The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources to produce clothes, being responsible for 10% of the global greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere every year and 20%of the global water wasted. At the same time people are buying 60%more clothing than 15 Years ago, which going in the landfills, causes 92 million tons of waste each year. This waste has been further increased by the surgical masks used for COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new way of designing and producing clothing needs to be incorporated into the current system to facilitate its recycling making it more circular. New tissues, therefore, are proposed made by natural polysaccharides, embedded by micro- Nano capsules of chitin Nano fibrils and Nano lignin all obtained as by- products from food and forestry waste respectively. Thus, pollution and waste will be reduced and the natural raw materials will be maintained for the future generations.

Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardi Tofiq
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Credit Contracts

The difference in the countries to which both the seller and the buyer belong in the commercial exchanges has increased the discrepancy in the laws and rules that govern the conduct of the most important banking count approved for the settlement of such exchanges, which is the documentary credit process, as a result of the different economic, banking and financial systems from the other, so there was a need to unify These customs and customs are in a unified form, which is called today the unified rules and customs of documentary credit, which are applied to the conduct of documentary credit contracts at the global level. Therefore, we consider it necessary to make an amendment in the Iraqi law regarding the organization of the documentary credit process, because the articles related to the provisions of documentary credits are not sufficient in themselves to indicate all the problems that may result from it due to developments in international trade.

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