scholarly journals Medieval Translation in the Light of the Polysystem and Rewriting Theories

Scrinium ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nino Doborjginidze ◽  
Nino Mataradze ◽  
Elene Tatishvili
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Linguistic Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines through the lens of translation studies (TS) the pattern of sociocultural and linguistic evolution to which medieval vernaculars of the Christian East adhered. It aims to contribute to discussions in medieval studies and TS with regard to vernacular translations. The medieval Georgian tradition of translation is examined from the perspective of descriptivist translation theories, namely, in the light of Even-Zohar’s polysystem and Lefevere’s rewriting theories. The Georgian literary polysystem is viewed as part of a larger mega-polysystem of the Christian East, with Greek being at its centre. This explains parallels in the emancipation of vernacular languages. From the viewpoint of the rewriting theory, emphasis is given to the roles of professional circles, patronage and dominant poetics. The evolution of the Georgian translation tradition from free rendering to a higher concern for precision reflects the impact of different sociocultural factors, evidencing the validity of the mentioned descriptivist models.

Migration, Agency, and the Sex Industry: Practitioners’ Perspectives on Foreign Sex Workers in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954-2981
Author(s):  
Omur Kaya ◽  
Edna Erez
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Sex Market ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article presents the political, economic, and sociocultural factors that make Turkey an attractive destination for foreign sex workers, and reviews trends in official statistics of arrested traffickers, rescued victims, and deportation of migrant illegal sex workers. In-depth interviews of 20 law enforcement and nongovernmental organizations staff members, who in the course of their work come into close contact with foreign sex workers, shed light on the statistics. The interview data provide insights into the structure of the Turkish sex market, the factors that bring foreign women to work in this market, and the impact of legal reforms on the circumstances of foreign sex workers. The article concludes with the implications of the findings for public policy.

The Impact of Sociocultural Factors in Multicultural Communication Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 306-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
The Impact

Changes in the availability and quality of communication technology have revolutionized, and fundamentally altered, learning environments. As citizens of the “Information Age,” the breadth and impact of global communication are triggering unprecedented transformation of social structures and institutions. This chapter explores the impact of commodification on education when institutions of higher education sell knowledge as a commercial good. The contemporary phenomenon of distance education is increasingly offered and purchased by an international market which experiences heightened pressure for standardization from the global citizens it serves. It is argued here that technological changes necessitate reevaluation of communication processes, discursive practices, and organizational policies. To stay competitive and produce quality products for increasingly international audiences, institutions must create well-articulated policies. By providing insight on the impact multiple socio-cultural and communicative norms have on virtual communication, this research uses qualitative discursive analysis of case examples to examine how variance in the structure and delivery of virtual communication environments at a leading distance education university in Australia affects student satisfaction, perception, and learning outcomes. Whereas previous research fails to include a theoretical or conceptual framework, this work draws upon interdisciplinary work from the fields of sociology, education, and science and technology studies. How “cyberspace” changes interaction rituals, masks cultural norms, and alters entrenched social expectations by creating new sensitivities is discussed, along with the ramifications of variation in technological availability, competence, and expectations in global classrooms. In sum, ideas for informing change in policy, administration, and the delivery of distance education and virtual communication in global environments are discussed to equip leaders and participants with skills to foster effective communicative and interaction strategies.

scholarly journals Corpora and Translation. Are Corpora Still an Academic Luxury?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Jonė Grigaliūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Translation Memory ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Translator Training ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Practice

This paper aims to consider the impact corpora have made on language studies and to touch upon the interface between corpora use and translator training/practice. A small-scale survey conducted among the translation trainers/professionals and translation students, with the aim of finding out whether professional translators and students are aware of the existence of corpora and to what extent they use them in their work, revealed that both the trainers and the students are well aware of corpora, but they still prefer translation memory technology to using corpora when translating. They have also pointed out that they would be interested in a service which quickly provided domain-and-language specific corpora tailored to their needs and a tool for extracting terminology from a domain specific corpus. The paper presents a tool which is now widely available for academic institutions in Europe and which gives a chance to quickly and easily compile a specific corpus, extract keywords, provides concordances and gives a useful word sketch that could be of great help when translating. The paper concludes that corpora have yet to make an impact on translation studies and that this will depend on raising awareness of the usefulness of corpora for translation training and practice and the availability of corpora tools that could meet translator needs.

scholarly journals Teaching Subtitling at Jordanian Universities: An Untapped Territory

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ula K. Al-Dabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Exponential Rate ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Multimodal Texts ◽  
Satellite Channels ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Role

The impact of globalization and the advent of satellite channels and digital technology have played an instrumental role in changing the audiovisual translation scene in Jordan. During the last two decades, the subtitling industry has flourished at an exponential rate as manifested in the number of institutions engaged in this form of translation, the quantity of multimodal texts commissioned for translation and the widening remit of translation activities conducted under the rubric of subtitling. The marked development in the subtitling industry, however, has not received adequate support from the academic institutions in the country. Departments that award undergraduate degrees in translation rarely teach courses in subtitling, and research conducted on the pedagogy of this kind of translation is almost nonexistent. This paper argues that courses in subtitling should be incorporated in the translation studies curricula offered at Jordanian universities not because these courses are an embellishment but because the benefits accrued from teaching this mode of translation are multifaceted. The paper highlights these benefits and examines whether the feedback from students exposed to subtitling activities reflects the importance of integrating this mode of audiovisual translation in BA translation programs offered at Jordanian universities.

scholarly journals Testing the influence of CAT-tools on the quality of translations produced by students majoring in translation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Original Text ◽  
National University ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of CAT-tools on the quality of translations of first-year graduate students of translation studies departments of schools of foreign languages. Nowadays professional translation is possible only with the use of special translation software, namely, CAT-tools, an integral part of which is the terminology management module. It is believed that the use of term bases can improve the quality of translation, but the term bases given to the translator still require careful critical attitude because they can potentially contain mistakes which, in turn, can negatively affect the quality of translation. Identifying such influence would allow to adjust the training program for students majoring in translation in terms of the use of modern translation technologies, increasing its effectiveness. That is why the purpose of the study was to establish the presence or absence of the impact of CAT-tools (in terms of the use of term bases) on the efficiency of translators. The experimental study was conducted in the first semester of the 2019/2020 academic year (September). The subjects were 24 first-year graduate students of the Translation Studies Department of the School of Foreign Languages of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, divided into 2 experimental groups (EG-1 and EG-2). Students of EG-1 in the process of translation used terminology base with mistakes, while students of EG-2 relied only on themselves. The stages of the study included three stages: preparatory (formulation of hypotheses, development of the plan of the experiment), basic (practical implementation of the experiment) and final (analysis and interpretation of the experimental data). The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis that the translation of the original text by means of CAT-tools with the use of the term base with mistakenly translated lexical units led to a decrease in the quality of students’ translations.

scholarly journals Очерк о климате, болезнях и их влиянии на средневековую демографию

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Яков Риер
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Climatic Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Essay on the impact of climate and diseases on medieval demography The article is devoted to the most important issues of historical and legal medieval studies – the influence of climate and disease on forming the economic and demographic agenda. In particular, the author calls for a more extensive look at the problems of «global warming», given the presence of climatic cycles. Besides, the author emphasizes: political processes and, accordingly, many laws of past years and today are formed under the influence of natural environmental trends. Keywords: Middle Ages, Demography, Global Warming, Influence of Climate, Political Reflections. Очерк о климате, болезнях и их влиянии на средневековую демографию Статья посвящена важнейшим вопросам историко-правовой медиевистики – влиянию климата и болезней на формирование экономико-демографической повестки. В частности, автор призывает смотреть более пространно на проблематику «глобального потепления», учитывая наличие климатических циклов. Кроме того, автор подчеркивает: политические процессы и, соответственно, многие законы прошлых лет и дня сегодняшнего формируются именно под влиянием естественных, энвайронменталистских тенденций.

scholarly journals Three decades of post-Soviet period: analyses of outbound tourism development patterns and environment in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Ilze Medne ◽  
◽  
Kristīne Bērziņa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

After regaining independence, the borders were opened for Latvian residents, and they had the possibility to leave behind the travel or non-travel principles of the Soviet Union period, as well as go into the global tourism market. Post-Soviet transformation that was seen in different sectors, including the change in tourism and travel habits, which happened slowly. Since every decade of these three post-Soviet decades has its own development characteristics and is impacted by different external environment elements, the aim of this study is to analyse the tendencies of each decade and its most impactful external environment factors in Latvia. Even though the impact of the economic environment has always been meaningful in tourism, the main factor that impacted the first post-Soviet decade was without doubt the political environment. With the start of the 21st century and the improvement of the economic situation, world’s technological achievements enter Latvia’s tourism industry. Different sociocultural factors highlight different outbound tourism tendencies in each decade. Travel habits of Latvian residents have changed over time – values and expectations have changed for travelling abroad. As expectations and knowledge increase, Latvian travellers join the tendencies and travel habits of the collective European travellers.

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